HLTH 231 CH 1

Beth works part-time as a waitress and receives no health insurance benefits from her employer. She purchased insurance under the Affordable Care Act, but the policy has a $5,000 annual deductible. Beth

I likely to delay care that she needs

Healthy People 2020 is a plan designed to

Improve the quality of life and years of life for all Americans.

The expected number of years of life remaining at a given age, such as at birth, is known as

Life expectancy

Missy is motivated to lose weight. She has begun taking a 30-minute walk every morning, has worked with a nutrition counselor to design a new diet, and on Monday will begin following new eating plan. According to the transtheoretical model of behavior change, Missy is in a stage of

action

An appraisal of the relationship between an object, action, or idea and some attribute related to it is a(n)

belief

Not allowing yourself to think about stage fright and focusing only on the content of your speech when preparing for a presentation is an example of

blocking and stopping

Going out for dinner at your favorite restaurant as a reward for finishing a big project is an example of a

consumable reinforcer

Health and wellness are best described as

dynamic

Effective health promotion programs

focus on encouraging behaviors known to support good health

Spiritual health can best be described as

having a sense of meaning and purpose in one's life

Differences in cancer mortality among specific populations are an example of

health disparities

Overall, the leading cause of death for Americans is

heart disease

The science of epigenetics studies

how behavioral choices influence our cells' ability to use genes.

Which strategy is used by many athletes to visualize the attainment of goals?

imagined rehearsal

Studies associate mindfulness with

improvements in memory

Health promotion

includes policies, programs, and financial support for initiatives that promote health

health promotion

includes policies, programs, and financial support for initiatives that promote health

Which type of costs are related to higher insurance premiums and increased disability payments due to obesity-related health conditions?

indirect medical costs

Determinants of health are a range of factors in a person's life that

influence his or her health status

The ability to think clearly, analyze information, and use one's mental capacity to meet life's challenges is known as

intellectual health

The six dimensions of health

interact continuously

Which health model views treating disease through medications and surgery as the surest way to improve health?

medical model

Manuela joined a group exercise class. Her instructor, who was formerly inactive and overweight, participates with the class and also shares personal fitness strategies. In class, Manuela tries to emulate her instructor's moves, and she has also become more physically active as part of her daily routine. Which technique is Manuela using to reach her goal of becoming more fit?

modeling

Observing a friend's successful attempt to quit smoking and trying some of the same tactics to quit yourself is an example of

modeling

A trait or behavior that a person can actively control, such as eating habits, is a(n)

modifiable determinant

A sedentary lifestyle, overuse of caffeine, and risky sexual practices are examples of

modifiable determinants of health

The dimension of physical health encompasses the ability to

perform activities of daily living

Gavin downloads a new workout song every time he completes his week's exercise goal. This action is an example of

positive reinforcement

Mrs. J. is trying to get her third-grade students to remember to have their homework signed by a parent before bringing it to class. Students who remember every day for a month receive a gift card from a local bookstore. This is an example of a(n)

possessional reinforcer

Mindy wants to lose weight. The fact that her parents engage in regular exercise is a(n)

predisposing factor

Washing your hands before eating is an example of disease

prevention

To successfully change a behavior, a person must recognize that change is a(n)

process that occurs in stages

The science that views negative health events as resulting from individuals' interactions with their physical or social environment is

public health

Jim was successful at meeting his exercise goal and rewarded himself by taking a three-day vacation at a golf resort. This is an example of a

reinforcing behavior

Support from others to change a behavior is an example of a(n)

reinforcing factor

The thought, "I don't have enough time!" is an example of

self-talk

Based on a recent cholesterol screening, Marlon decided that he has to stop eating so much fast food and get more exercise. Between work and school, his free time is limited, but he is determined to lower his cholesterol level and improve his overall health. The best way for Marlon to stay motivated to improve his diet and work out regularly is to

set reasonable short- and long-term goals and reward himself for meeting them.

Brenda is going on a ski trip over spring break and has 12 weeks to get in shape. She purchased an elliptical trainer and started working out on it for 10 minutes each day. Each week, she will increase her workout by 10 minutes until she can exercise for one hour. If she finds that is too rigorous, she will only add 5 minutes to her workout each week. Which of the following behavior-change techniques is Brenda using to get in shape for her trip?

shaping

The process of taking small individual steps toward a behavior change goal is

shaping

Changing your seat in class to one closer to the front to help change your habit of napping during the lecture is an example of

situational inducement

Jill has many friends, is respected by her coworkers, and maintains a great relationship with her boyfriend. Her ability to interact with others is an example of which dimension of health?

social

The change model based on three factors (social environment, thoughts and feelings, and behaviors) in interaction with each other is known as the

social cognitive model

Which of the following were cited by college students in a national survey as major impediments to performing well academically?

stress, anxiety, and sleep difficulty

Life expectancy in the early 1900s was largely determined by a person's

susceptibility to infectious disease.

The contemporary definition of wellness is

the achievement of the highest level of health possible in each of several dimensions.

People with an internal locus of control believe that events turn out as they do based on

their own actions

Which behavior change model involves six distinct stages and is also known as the stages of change model?

transtheoretical model

All of the following are basic mindfulness skills EXCEPT

tuning out a student in a noisy library

Which of the following contributed to increased life expectancy in the early twentieth century?

wanting to change

The positive aspects of a person's life, such being satisfied with life in general and having positive emotions, determines one's sense of

well-being

The achievement of the highest level of health possible in each of several dimensions is

wellness

Major public health achievements of the twentieth century include

workplace safety