HLTH231 Chapter 3

Which of the following statements about the graduating class of 2016 is true? -Experts estimate that about 5 percent of these graduates will default on their student loans. -The graduates' average debt was about $17,000. - More than 70 percent of these students graduated with significant debt. -Nearly two-thirds reported that they were moving back in with their parents to save money.

More than 70 percent of these students graduated with significant debt

Cortisol is secreted by the

adrenal glands

Being flexible in making plans with friends demonstrates

agreeableness

Hearing a piercing scream late at night while walking on a campus path would likely trigger which phase of the general adaptation syndrome?

alarm

Julia is extremely upset to discover a suggestive e-mail her boyfriend has sent to another woman. Which stage of the general adaptation syndrome applies to this situation?

alarm

Eating healthy foods helps in managing stress,

although the precise reasons are not fully understood

Relationships can cause stress in all the following ways EXCEPT -excitement and eustress in the early stages of a new relationship. -competition and conflicts with work colleagues. -aspiring to be the best one can be. -jobs with high expectations and low control.

aspiring to be the best one can be

Research suggests that anxiety disorders

can develop as a learned response to a recurrent stress-inducing situation

Stress has been associated with increased blood pressure and inflammatory responses. These are most closely associated with an increased risk for

cardiovascular disease

An ongoing state of physiological arousal in response to stressors is known as

chronic stress

Tessa is dreading her chemistry final. When she finds herself thinking that she's going to fail the exam, she tells herself, "No, I might not ace it, but I've been studying and I'm definitely going to pass." Tessa is engaging in a process referred to as

cognitive reconstructing

As part of the stress response, the hormone that makes stored nutrients available for energy is

cortisol

The sum of exposure to stressors, including complex traumas, is known as

cumulative adversity

Peter recently ended a relationship when he found out his partner was cheating on him. This probably caused

distress

You have been a successful doctor of internal medicine for many years. You recently gave up your large practice in the city to join the staff of a small-town clinic where you will work four days a week. Which method are you using to manage stress?

downshifting

After weeks of arguments, Riley and Schaeffer break up. They both spend most of the following weekend sleeping, eating, and watching TV. Which stage of the general adaptation syndrome are they now in?

exhaustion

Which of the following is NOT a common sign of major depression?

feeling highly energetic

Stress management consists of - finding balance and developing coping strategies -firmly controlling reactions to stress -eliminating all sources of stress -learning to juggle as many tasks as possible

finding balance and developing coping strategies

To replenish vital energy stores, which of the following would be particularly helpful?

getting more sleep and "down time"

Jake is an excellent student and seems pretty resilient. He is passionate about becoming a pediatrician someday, and perseveres despite a high stress level due to his heavy course load and tight finances. Which of the following traits does Jake demonstrate?

grit

Your roommate just ate the last of your trail mix without asking. Which type of stressor is this?

hassle

Chronic stress has a strong connection to all of the following medical conditions EXCEPT -diabetes -migraines -hearing loss -heart disease

hearing loss

Suicidal ideation is significantly associated with

high stress and low self-esteem

Brian is considered a Type A personality by his friends because of his history of "road rage" and extreme competitiveness. All the following put him at increased risk for cardiovascular disease EXCEPT

his upbeat, glass-half-full approach to life

Exercise reduces stress primarily by

increasing endorphins and reducing levels of stress hormones.

Determinants of health are a range of factors in a person's life that

influence his or her health status

Which of the following is TRUE about major depression in college students? -International students are especially vulnerable to depression. -Depression among college students is typically a temporary issue and not a major barrier to academic success. -About one-fourth of all college students feel overwhelmed by their responsibilities. -About 2-3 percent of college students report having been diagnosed with or treated for depression in an average year.

international students are especially vulnerable to depression

Which of the following is TRUE with respect to attention-deficit (hyperactivity) disorder (ADD/ADHD)?

it tends to disrupt relationships

What has been recommended as a method for managing stress?

keeping a journal to track your stressors, worries, and options

Treatment for schizophrenia includes hospitalization and a combination of

medication and psychotherapy

Chronic stress may cause structural degeneration and impaired function of the brain, increasing the risk for all of the following EXCEPT - depression -dementia -meningitis -Alzheimer's disease

meningitis

Makoto has a disability affecting his movement. Throughout high school, he has been rejected, teased, and bullied. Makoto has been experiencing

minority stress

A trait or behavior that a person can actively control, such as eating habits, is a(n)

modifiable determinant

A sedentary lifestyle, overuse of caffeine, and risky sexual practices are examples of

modifiable determinants of health

You really want to buy an expensive software program to help you with coursework, but your credit cards are maxed out and the rent is due next week. Which type of stressor is this?

money

the source of stress experienced by the greatest percentage of American adults is

money

Emily is experiencing an allostatic load due to a dysfunctional relationship, credit card debt, and a challenging course load. What defines the term allostatic load?

the long-term wear and tear on the body caused by the stress response

Jade's heart races and she cannot think of anything to say when the cute guy in class sits next to her. This is an example of

the stress response

Meditation has been proven effective in managing stress. Which of the following is NOT true about meditation? - it usually takes some effort and patience to learn to meditate -meditation involves some method of calming and focusing the mind -there is only one meditation styles that is considered effective -meditation allows the body to relax while the mind is focused

there is only one meditation style that is considered effective

All of the following are techniques used in the Chinese art of feng shui EXCEPT -coordinating the colors of your walls and your bed linens. -picking up clutter daily. - using sheer curtains that let in as much light as possible. -positioning your bed so that it is not aligned with the door

using sheer curtains that let in as much light as possible

Jeff knows the midterm chemistry exam is going to be tough. He is trying to prepare for it by taking a practice test every night before he goes out with his buddies. Jeff is

using the technique of stress inoculation

Which of the following is an essential prerequisite for changing a behavior? -deciding on several rewards for making the change -wanting to change -changing environmental obstacles -asking friends for advice

wanting to change

the group most likely to struggle with stress are

young adult females

When acute stress bombards your brain with stress chemicals,

your memory may be impaired

Mariah is behind on her coursework because of training for the upcoming tryouts for the swim team. On top of that, she broke up with her boyfriend last week. Monica, her twin sister, does not participate on a sports team and has plenty of time to get her homework done before her boyfriend visits most evenings. Compared to Monica, Mariah is likely to experience

more upper respiratory illness

One reason the validity of the Type A personality theory has been debated is that

not all Type A people experience negative health consequences

The change model based on three factors (social environment, thoughts and feelings, and behaviors) in interaction with each other is known as the

social cognitive model

Which of the following BEST describes a Type C personality? - stoic -hostile -relaxed -distressed

stoic

Which of the following is TRUE about major depression? -It is about the same as feeling down after a bad experience. -Sadness is not actually a common symptom of depression. - Symptoms include feeling hopeless and difficulty concentrating. -People can snap out of it if they choose.

symptoms include feeling hopeless and difficulty concentrating

Which of the following forms of stress management originated as a form of self-defense? -qigong -yoga -tai chi -taekwondo

tai chi

Downshifting refers to the process of

taking steps to simplify one's life

A sense of being overwhelmed by perceived obligations to stay connected online is

technostress

David woke up in the middle of the night because he smelled smoke. This most likely caused him to experience

the flight-or-fight response

Which of the following is a useful strategy to prevent explosive anger? -Avoid all situations that provoke anger. -Have a couple of beers and watch TV to take your mind off the issue. -Pound on something soft, like a pillow. - Develop realistic expectations of yourself and others.

Develop realistic expectations of yourself and others.

Which of the following is TRUE about positive psychology?

Its interventions have proven effective in reducing disability and increasing longevity.

Which of the following statements about self-esteem is FALSE? -Protecting children from failure may boost their ability to persist in the face of difficulties. -Self-efficacy and self-esteem are not synonyms. -Some research suggests that it may be possible to have too much self-esteem. -Learning to lose can be valuable in developing a realistic sense of self-esteem.

Protecting children from failure may boost their ability to persist in the face of difficulties

Which of the following statements regarding stress and hair loss is NOT true? -Stress-induced hair loss occurs when colonies of hair are pushed into an active phase. -The most common type of stress-induced hair loss is telogen effluvium. -Stress may cause hair to fall out in clumps. -Stress-related hair loss can occur in both men and women.

Stress-induced hair loss occurs when colonies of hair are pushed into an active phase.

Catrina just missed hitting a deer as she was driving along a dark, curving road. She felt her racing heart finally slow down after she pulled off the road and took a few deep breaths. This is an example of a(n)

adaptive response

Which of the following situations might contribute to impaired immune function? -You purchase a new car when you get your first job offer. -You have a fairly calm demeanor and life rarely "stresses you out." - Your grandmother moves in with your family after being hospitalized due to a stroke. -You keep changing the diet, vitamin, and exercise regimen you follow to see faster results.

Your grandmother moves in with your family after being hospitalized due to smoke

Which of the following living environments would likely increase your chances of suffering from seasonal affective disorder (SAD)?

a northern state that experiences long winter nights

Marcella has a persistent fear of social situations; she is suffering from

a phobia

The body's attempt to restore homeostasis in the aftermath of a stress response is a(n) ________ response.

adaptive

Rudy lives behind a train depot. The train runs from 5AM until midnight, and causes significant noise and pollution. Rudy gets quite a few upper respiratory infections, which are likely due to

background distressors

Recently, Kevin has been spending a lot of time playing online poker. Last weekend, he decided on a whim to fly to Las Vegas to try his hand at "the real thing." He lost over $5,000. This behavior indicates that Kevin may have

borderline personality disorder

Nathan's piano teacher is insisting that he practice more, while at the same time he is overloaded with assignments in his academic classes, worried about how he's going to make the final payments on this semester's tuition bill, and having trouble sleeping. Nathan is at high risk for

burnout

The physiological state in which all body systems are in balance and functioning normally is

homeostasis

The part of the brain involved in controlling the body's overall reaction to stress is the

hypothalamus

The immune system's ability to respond to assaults is known as

immunocompetence

Studies associate mindfulness with

improvements in memory

Research has shown that laughter results in all of the following EXCEPT -decreased stress levels -pain reduction -increased risk of heart disease -increased levels of oxygen in the blood

increased risk of heart disease

The five-factor model classifies curiosity, independence, and imagination as

openness

Stress caused by not being able to accomplish all tasks and obligations in the time available is known as

overload

The feeling that you are overextended and that it's not possible for you to meet all the demands being placed up on you is known as

overload

Mrs. J. is trying to get her third-grade students to remember to have their homework signed by a parent before bringing it to class. Students who remember every day for a month receive a gift card from a local bookstore. This is an example of a(n)

possessional reinforcer

After Julia discovers a suggestive e-mail her boyfriend sent to another woman, she considers how to confront him about it. Which stage of the general adaptation syndrome applies to this situation?

resistance

Luci has worked as a customer service representative for two years. She believes that this job has improved her ability to cope with a variety of stressful situations and is confident in her ability to do so. Luci is exhibiting which of the following personality traits? - Type A -self-efficacy - Type B - low self-esteem

self-efficacy

Which of the following is a key time management strategy that can reduce stress? -Stack your mail in one place and go through it once a week. -Set clear implementation intentions toward a specific end. -Multitask. -Only clean up clutter when you have enough time to get to all of it.

set clear implementation intentions toward a specific end

Brenda is going on a ski trip over spring break and has 12 weeks to get in shape. She purchased an elliptical trainer and started working out on it for 10 minutes each day. Each week, she will increase her workout by 10 minutes until she can exercise for one hour. If she finds that is too rigorous, she will only add 5 minutes to her workout each week. Which of the following behavior-change techniques is Brenda using to get in shape for her trip?

shaping

The strategy of reframing appraisals of stressors more positively and working toward future goals is known as

shift and persist

Melanie grew up in extreme poverty, but won a full scholarship to a top liberal arts college. There, her sociology professor, who also comes from a poor family, has been helping Melanie to take a proactive approach to her current stressors and to focus on the future. These strategies are best classified as

shifting and persisting