HMD 305

Researchers believe that we receive ______ of our personality from environmental and situational factors such as culture, religion, and family life. less than half 0.95 0.2 0.6

0.6

_____ are identities that are not always immediately obvious and may be kept hidden in the workplace for fear of mistreatment, such as an employee who is pregnant and opts to not disclose their pregnancy. Intersectionalities Microaggressions ERGs Concealable stigmatized identities

Concealable stigmatized identities

According to the job characteristics model, a challenging role tends to stifle creativity. True False

False

It is not recommended to collecting DEI-related data such as workplace demographics, as it will not help an organization to promote a healthy DEI culture. True False

False

The glass ceiling and the glass cliff are different names for the same phenomenon. True False

False

When Mary motivates her team with a new reward system, she is engaging in the management function of organizing. True False

False

When personality traits are inherited, then one would say that nurture played a part. True False

False

Studies of the effects in the workplace of which element below showed that employees are motivated by clear goals accompanied by appropriate feedback? Alderfer's ERG theory Goal-setting theory McClelland's acquired needs theory Herzberg's two-factor theory

Goal-setting theory

Which of the following statements is true regarding appropriate emotional expression in the identified country? People in the United Kingdom tend to show enthusiasm and emotion at work. Debating points with passion is typically perceived as showing off in the United States. It is considered appropriate to debate points with passion in the United States. It is considered appropriate to show enthusiasm for work in China.

It is considered appropriate to debate points with passion in the United States.

Which motivation theory is criticized for its assumption that people pursue needs in a step-by-step sequence? Alderfer's ERG theory McClelland's acquired needs theory Maslow's hierarchy of needs Herzberg's two-factor theory

Maslow's hierarchy of needs

______ can be demotivating, since employees know they will get paid regardless of how they perform, which also encourages poor performers to stay in an organization much longer. Job content-based pay Performance-based pay Seniority-based pay Skill-based pay

Seniority-based pay

Holding a belief that one group of people is more intelligent than another group of people based on physical characteristics is an example of _____. Stereotyping discrimination Equity Equality

Stereotyping

What is a powerful tool for promoting inclusion that companies can promote through social forums and meetups, listening sessions, and round-robin questions in meetings? Intersectionality Conflict Storytelling Affirmative action

Storytelling

Which of the following statements is true of job satisfaction? There is a negative correlation between job satisfaction and relationships with coworkers. There is a positive correlation between job satisfaction and on-the-job stress. There is a negative correlation between job satisfaction and employee engagement. There is a positive correlation between job satisfaction and job security.

There is a positive correlation between job satisfaction and job security.

Efforts to hire formerly incarcerated people may be part of a company's approach to inclusion. True False

True

Jean from Zippy Cleaning Service was having trouble finding someone to fill one of the more menial positions in her company. Her brother-in-law put her contact with Lila who was in a car crash and could not find work after her brain injury. After testing Lila to see if she could perform the task of vacuuming successfully, she hired her. What part of diversity does this represent? race and ethnicity ability age gender

ability

Which of the six behaviors stated in the textbook that change perceived inequity is explained by workers who may change their perspective on the other person? pick another other attempt to get to change inputs or outcomes attempt to change outcomes carrying out cognitive reevaluation

carrying out cognitive reevaluation

According to the textbook, the two main types of stressors are ______. challenge and hindrance confront and address hindrance and task address and avoid

challenge and hindrance

Which feeling below is an example of positive affect? self-esteem lethargy empathetic cheerfulness

cheerfulness

Julian recognizes that her sales numbers are low for the month of June. When she asks around, she realizes that everyone has low numbers for the month. This is an example of a high degree of ______. anonymity consensus distinctiveness consistency

consensus

Differences in attitudes, values, beliefs, and personality are all examples of ______. surface-level diversity bottom-level diversity deep-level diversity top-level diversity

deep-level diversity

Making sure a goal is challenging but attainable is focusing on what characteristic of goal-setting theory? feedback goal acceptance and commitment difficult goals specific goals

difficult goals

Which element of goals motivate and energize us to help achieve objectives? absolute effects unintended effects indirect effects direct effects

direct effects

Which factor below does not influence our internal and external attributions? consensus consistency distinctiveness dispute

dispute

Which coping mechanism is an effort to try to change a person's emotional reaction to a stressor by using positive language and distracting techniques? complication-focused coping problem-focused coping emotion-focused coping intuition-focused coping

emotion-focused coping

Which of the following are described as numerous and intense, but usually short-lived? emotions instinct affects mood

emotions

What is the process of ensuring that everyone is given the same amount of opportunities and resources regardless of individual needs? ERG diversity equality equity

equality

Which element of the expectancy theory is measured in a range from 0 to +1? valence effort instrumentality expectancy

expectancy

What item below is the absence of any consequences, which reduces the likelihood that the behavior will be repeated in the same or similar situations? punishment positive reinforcement extinction negative reinforcement

extinction

Of the four MBTI pairs of preferences, which one relates to the way one interacts with others? extroversion and Introversion sensing and intuiting thinking and feeling judging and perceiving

extroversion and Introversion

Ian has been transferred to an office in Spain. He is going to need to learn about this new culture and new business customs. This is an example of what challenge/opportunity that faces organizations today? innovation and change sustainability globalization people skills

globalization

Which of the following behaviors is most likely to be associated with high core self-evaluation? negative self-concept high job satisfaction high neuroticism low job performance

high job satisfaction

Conflict, red tape, and highly political environments are all examples of what type of stressor? obstruct challenge hindrance task

hindrance

People with effective ______ skills take the feelings of others into account and are adept at dealing with conflict? leading conceptual technical human

human

Managers who practice positive organizational behavior believe ______ is the most important resource. human capital equipment raw materials cash liquidity

human capital

Which element of goals encourages us to use cognitive skills, such as planning and strategizing, to attain goals? absolute effects direct effects indirect effects unintended effects

indirect effects

Which element of expectancy theory could be phrased as the question, "What's the probability that, if I do a good job, that there will be some kind of outcome in it for me?" valence effort instrumentality expectancy

instrumentality

Which type of extrinsic reward can create a psychological distance across teams and hierarchies due to employees competing against each other and possibly exaggerating their duties to their managers and hoarding resources? seniority-based pay skill-based pay performance-based pay job content-based pay

job content-based pay

Planning and adaptability relates to which pair of psychological preferences of the MBTI? extroversion and introversion judging and perceiving thinking and feeling sensing and intuiting

judging and perceiving

People who are ______ are generally passive and take very little action to change the circumstances surrounding them. high in proactive personality high self-monitors low self-monitors low in proactive personality

low in proactive personality

What is an individual-level performance-based pay that rewards performance by increasing the employee's salary on a long-term basis called? merit pay bonus piece rate benefit

merit pay

Which item below is not a personality characteristic included in the Big Five model? neuroticism meticulousness extroversion openness to experience

meticulousness

Which element of intrinsic motivation is the satisfaction we gain by stretching and exercising our capabilities? need for self-determination need for accomplishment need for achievement need for competence

need for competence

Hindrance stressors are ______. negatively related to ambition and inefficiency negatively related to motivation and performance positively related to ambition and inefficiency positively related to motivation and performance

negatively related to motivation and performance

Positive organizational behavior's main focus is on ______. fixing one's weaknesses nurturing one's strengths happiness as opposed to profits changing organizational culture

nurturing one's strengths

According to ______, all organizations are unique, and subject to internal and external environmental influences that can affect their efficiency. open systems theory closed system theory network theory chaos theory

open systems theory

The law of effect theory states that behavior followed by pleasant results is more likely to be repeated, whereas behavior followed by unpleasant results is not. This is the root of which element of the behavioral perspective? operant conditioning conditioned response reinforcement theory classical conditioning

operant conditioning

Which term below is one of the types of team and organization performance-based pay plans? piece rate bonuses profit sharing merit pay

profit sharing

Negative attitudes and emotions that can lower job satisfaction are called ______. intellectual element of stress psychological element of stress physiological element of stress job burnout element of stress

psychological element of stress

Creating a culture of _____ can help organizations can prevent microaggression at work. permission psychological safety competition conflict

psychological safety

Russ has been on time for work all year, consistently going above and beyond his duties. However, in the month before his performance appraisal, he had the flu and his whole family became sick, causing him to frequently be absent and exhibit lower-than-normal performance. As a result, his annual performance appraisal was somewhat negative. It is likely that Russ's boss committed which of the following perceptual errors? recency effect impression management primacy effect self-fulfilling prophecy

recency effect

Which element below is a perceptual distortion in which we use the most recent information available to assess a person? recency effect primacy effect self-fulfilling prophecy impression management

recency effect

As stated in the equity theory, people whose situation is comparable to their own are a/an ______. designator referent other inequality figure authority

referent other

Austin writes programs for a living. He is happy with his company specifically because they allow him to work from anywhere where there is Internet access, including at home, in a coffee shop, or on vacation. This scenario is an example of ______. compressed workweek remote working flextime job sharing

remote working

What dimension of personality is the tendency to engage in behaviors that might have positive or negative outcomes? risk-taking propensity locus of control Type A and Type B orientation proactive personality

risk-taking propensity

Alex was told that her athletes were lazy and negative, causing her to be less than excited about serving as their coach. By the end of the season, she agreed that it was the worst team she had ever coached. She also recognized that her behavior may have further contributed to their negative attitudes. This is an example of which of the following perceptual errors? recency effect impression management primacy effect self-fulfilling prophecy

self-fulfilling prophecy

What item below is not an example of extrinsic rewards? self-praise bonuses paid vacations salary

self-praise

The way one processes information relates to which pair of psychological preferences of the MBTI? extroversion and introversion sensing and intuiting judging and perceiving thinking and feeling

sensing and intuiting

What term below is not an example of intrinsic motivation? social reinforcement feeling of accomplishment self-praise sense of purpose

social reinforcement

A Harvard Business Review study found that business executives who behave in an ingratiating manner toward their CEOs are also the ones most likely to ______. get promoted ahead of other colleagues speak negatively about those CEOs leave the organization prematurely defend those CEOs when necessary

speak negatively about those CEOs

Research has shown that people respond best to clear, well-defined goals. Which element of goal-setting theory does this refer? feedback goal acceptance goal commitment specific goals

specific goals

Scholarship on positive organizational behavior focuses on a number of key elements. Which of the following is not one of these elements? virtues strengths strategy vitality

strategy

Which of the following emotional regulation strategies is response-focused? situation selection suppression attention deployment cognitive change

suppression

Which challenge/opportunity looks at environmental factors during decision-making and goal setting? sustainability economic factors workforce diversity globalization

sustainability

Which element below is part of the job characteristics model? merit pay task significance authority job simplification

task significance

Not recognizing someone you know well, like your doctor, when at the grocery store is an example of what factor that influences perception? focal object the environment the comprehender the perceiver

the environment

Of the four MBTI pairs of preferences, which one relates to the approach one takes to making decisions? sensing and intuiting thinking and feeling judging and perceiving extroversion and introversion

thinking and feeling

Which item below shows how cognitive processes mediate the effects of reinforcers on behavior, and how behavior influences both reinforcers and cognitive processes? triadic reciprocal model of behavior reciprocal behavior classical conditioning model reinforcers

triadic reciprocal model of behavior

What is one way to enhance critical thinking in organizational behavior as stated in the textbook? using the scientific method inductive reasoning deductive reasoning selective reasoning

using the scientific method

What are the three aspects of human capital that enhance competitive advantage? areness, inimitability, and importance value, rareness, and inimitability value, rareness, and importance morals, vision, and inimitability

value, rareness, and inimitability