HMD 395 Chapter 3

What are examples of carbon offsets?

- paying to plant carbon dioxide absorbing trees - paying for the development of renewable energy (wind, solar) when the company itself uses fossil fuels

What are some benefits of using the triple bottom line for a business?

- reduce cost and liabilities - increase customer loyalty - stimulate growth - encourage innovation - enhance brand image and reputation - strengthen relationships with the community

its been illegal in class A medical buildings to have a trash can in front of an elevator button since...

1993

ISO 14001 - When was it launched? What does it stand for, what does it define, what doesnt it define?

1996, ISO Environmental Management Systems. WHAT environmental requirements orgs must meet but NOT HOW they must meet them.

Green hotel association

1st party certification, just requires a membership fee, self reporting/verifying

What is Earth's current obliquity?

23.5 degrees

what is the minimum height for a hallway/doorway?

6'8" tall by 36" wide

What ist he premium for new LEED platinum building

6.5%

What score (and on what scale) is needed to achieve ENERGY STAR certification?

75% or higher on a 100 point scale

According to the ADA, how wide do standard disabled parking spaces need to be? How wide does the access aisle need to be?

8 feet wide at least with five feet of access aisle. 5 foot access aisle can be shared with another parking spot

According to the ADA, how wide do van accessible spaces need to be? How wide do their access aisles need to be?

8 feet; 8 feet access aisle can be shared with another parking spot or 11 feet with a 5 foot access space

ANAB

ANSI-ASQ National Accreditation Board - U.S. accreditation body for management systems

ADA - What does it stand for? When was in originally put into place and by who? What does it do?

Americans With Disabilities Act - 1990 - George H.W. Bush - requires commercial and government buildings to change physically and behaviorally, procedurally to accommodate disabled

What are the four levels of green certification of the LEED rating system? How is the level determined?

Certified, Silver, Gold and Platinum - determined by number of points from several categories depending on which type of building it is

How do volcanic eruptions contribute to climate change?

They cool the planet down.

What is affiliated certification?

When a trade organization or industry group certifies its own members. Again, lab testing can be done by outside source, but auditing and verification is done by trade org or industry group. financial incentive

In what case is affiliated certification usually enough?

When the product is low risk.

What are carbon offsets?

When you offset your own carbon dioxide emissions by paying for carbon reductions that take place somewhere else

What is a TTY? AKA? What is it for? How many are needed?

teletypewriter; TDD (telephone device for the deaf) for hearing disabled/deaf, have them available for guest rooms upon request, have one at the front desk, maybe at the telephone stations

when pitching an idea for sustainability to your management...

tell them the information don't make them ask questions

What does the ENERGY STAR certification indicate

that a company is among the top 25% of facilities in the U.S. terms of energy performance

What does a DfE label imply?

that a product contains only ingredients which are least hazardous to people and the environment - safest possible ingredients

Products which are high risk or high liability require which type of certification?

third party

What is the most credible certification type?

third party

How many types of disabled guest rooms are there according to the ADA? What are they called?

two types; hearing-impaired and wheelchair-accessible

According to the ADA, what are restaurants required to have?

wheelchair accessible door width, wide aisles for access, seating spaces for wheelchairs, braille menus or cassette tape menus or employees who can read the menu to the customer.

What is accreditation?

when an environmental certifying body is certified by another standard setting organization (national or international) as a credible certifier of products

What is self-certification?

when an organization declares that it has examined its practices and they meet their own standard. Actually laboratory testing can be conducted outside of the company, but analysis and standards set in house.

What is third party certification?

when the entire certification process is conducted by an independent org that has no economic interests in the product, only the fee that is required for certifying. expensive

20% path of travel rule

when you renovate, include allowance for removing barriers on path of travel. up to an additional 20% of budget must be in place. you don't have to exceed 20%. If you are under 20% and you make all changes necessary, you're fine. doesn't apply to back of house. only applies to members of public/where guests would go. However, BOH where guests would go apply like chef's table

when pitching a product using the triple bottom line, you need to be aware of what?

who your audience is. what they care about (people, planet, profit) make sure your message is tailored to them.

if you do a pool renovation and find a non compliant hallway along the path of travel and fixing it does not exceed 20% of the budget,

you must fix it

DfE - what kind of program is it? Voluntary or involuntary? What is its mission

Design for the Environment - partnership program - works with manufacturers and distributors on a voluntary basis - reduce the risk to people and the environment through reduction of pollution

The U.S. government has two environmental partnership programs that include product certification. What are they?

ENERGY STAR and DfE

Who defined greenwashing?

Ecologo

what is the oldest environmental certification organization in North America?

Ecologo

Who has to make the ADA modifications in the hotel?

Engineering department

According to the ADA, what must a hotel front desk personnel do for a vision impaired guest?

Fill out their registration card for them

What is the FSC

Forest Stewardship Council - voluntary forest management standards to protect world's forests

ISO 14000

ISO standards for environmental management

How does solar activity contribute to climate change?

Increased solar activity contributes to higher temperatures

What does IPCC stand for? What were their findings? What is unique about the IPCC?

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. They found that carbon dioxide has steadily risen throughout the late 20th century and 21st century. What is unique about the IPCC is that they do not research the climate. They provide researchers with a source of objective information on climate change.

ISO - how many years in operation, how many countries contribute, how many experts?

International Organization for Standardization - world's largest developer and publisher of international standards - started 60 years ago. 157 countries belong to it. 50,000 experts.

What does reasonable accommodation mean? Who is it for? When does it have to be made?

Its for employees who are disabled. Doesn't have to be made before the employee is hired. Accommodation that must be done for disabled employees unless it is too expensive. determined by the courts.

USGCB certification system

LEED Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design

Highest environmental endorsement a hotel or restaurant could achieve; first/second/third party?

LEED; third party

Who was among the first organizations to be duly accredited to offer FSC endorsed certification services?

SCS

What is another name for affiliated certification?

Second party certification

What does the planet refer to in the triple bottom line?

Sustainable environmental practices - have minimal impact on the environment

Who cosponsors ENERGY STAR

The environmental protection agency (EPA) and the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)

How do you measure the success of the sustainability of a society?

Triple bottom line

ISO 14024 addresses what?

Type I labels, for independent third party certifiers

ISO 14021 addresses what?

Type II labels for seld declared certification

who is the only developed country who hasn't sign the kyoto protocol?

U.S.

solar decathalon

UNLV placed 2nd this year designing building, deconstructing it, moving it to denver, rebuilding it UNLV was successful in the past because had the best hospitality (threw nice party)

What is the most important environmental certifying organization to the lodging and foodservice industry? What kind of organization is it? who is it composed of?

USGBC U.S. Green Building Council - 501(c)(3) non profit - composed of leaders from every sector of the buildign industry

SCS - what does it do?

United States Scientific Certification Systems provides neutral third party product certification

What is the current trend with certification types?

Use third party regardless of how low the risk of the product is. Differentiates and elevates a company or product.

Who won the Nobel Peace Prize in December 2007

VP Al Gore and the IPCC

Who defined the concept of sustainable development? When?

WCED World Commission on the Environment and Development aka Brundtland Commission. Defined in 1987 report.

Who founded the IPCC?

WMO - World Meteorological Organization and UNEP - United Nations Environment Programme

What is aphelion?

When earth is farthest away from the sun in its orbit

According to the ADA, what do stairways require?

a continuous handrail, contrasting colors to distinguish the stair treads from the risers

What does testing involve in the product certification process?

a controlled scientific analysis of a produce against a preset standard

What does a "zero sum game" mean?

a game that has both winners and losers. For every winner there must be a loser.

According to the ADA, what does a lobby front desk need? What are the exceptions?

a lower portion to accommodate wheelchairs. Small properties that have only one front desk and would require a great expense to fix can instead fill out guest paperwork for the guest or provide a clipboard

What is a carbon footprint? What are two examples of reducing carbon footprint? old vs new?

a measure of the impact human activities have on the environment in terms of the amount of greenhouse gases produced, measured in units of carbon dioxide. Examples: wind generators, compact fluorescent bulbs old carbon footprints in the hospitality industry used to be hard to compare (different variables) now one universal measurement in the hospitality industry for carbon footprint and one for water usage

What is the most common certification type in the U.S.?

affiliated or second party certification

What does ENERGY STAR certify?

appliances, lighting, office products, commercial foodservice equipment

who must comply with the ADAAG?

architects, contractors, building operators

emergency phones around campus

are accessible for the hearing/dexterity impaired big button to call if you are hearing/speech impaired there is a button to communicate

According to the ADA, every property that has more than two stories needs..

at least one elevator serving each level of the facility

Ecologo is the only North American environmental certification organization to...

be peer reviewed by the Global Ecolabelling Network against ISO standard 14024 for type I environmental labels

why are the emergency phones at UNLV not code compliant?

because state and federal agencies are exempt - still need to comply but less pressure

Why does the Department of Justice target hotels?

because they represent an abnormally long/intimate service relationship

Those companies who do not voluntarily make the change to sustainable practices and wait for the government to require it, will be....

behind the curve

Ecologo is the ... of Green Seal

canadian equivalent

CFM

certified facility manager program for chief engineers through the international facility management association

What does the FSC require any distributor of their product to undergo?

chain of custody certification by a third party

What are three examples of fossil fuels?

coal, oil, gasoline

In addition to the ADAAG, what other regulations must buildings follow?

codes like International Buildings Code and standards like American National Standards Institute

In 1999, ENERGY STAR expanded to include what

commercial buildings. provide help to reduce energy usage in commercial buildings

How has the concept of "profit" from the triple bottom line, changed over time?

companies used to focus on increasing their personal profit. Now they focus on the economic benefit of their society.

What was the first product ever certified by ENERGY STAR?

computers

According to the ADA, what do lobbies, hallways and foyers need?

contrasting textures to help provide the visually disabled assistance in finding their way around a property

What evidence supports Milankovitch's theory?

deep sea sediment cores

finger print/hand print scanners

don't require dexterity.... do require a hand thouhg

What does Milankovitch's theory say about earth's current state?

earth is in a relatively stable period of global climate change

What are some examples of the "people" in the triple bottom line

fair wages, safe and healthy working environment, no child labor, do not exploit the community or workforce preserve community, culture, customs, society, individual people

What is another name for self-certification?

first party certification

dexterity accommodations

flail doorknobs, lever doorknobs - replacing round door knobs which require grip touch screens/employees available to fill out forms - no need to grip a pen

open hand/swat operated handle. could open the door without hands

flair door handles

What does auditing involve in the produce certification process?

follow-up inspections that ensure the product's are still up to the standards of the certifying body

path of travel

from property line to anywhere customer would go. from wherever a customer could enter a property. anything a guest might use.

In addition to Milankovitch's theory, what three things cause climate change?

greenhouse gases, solar activity (sunspots), volcanic eruptions

what is the goal of the ADA?

increase guest satisfaction, reduce ADA complaints. make accessible rooms as seamless as possible

IFMA

international facility management association

ISO 14025 addresses what?

issuing environmental info about life cycle data; not as well understood

ISO 14040, 14044, 14049

life cycle assessment

According to the ADA, what do guest rooms require?

lower peepholes, closet rods, drapery cords, door locks and electrical switches. electrical switches designed so that a person with limited hand motion can operate them TV should have built-in closed caption decoders (subtitles) for hearing impaired visual alerts for fire alarms, telephone rings, and door knocks

What did the U.S. Access board do on July 23, 2004? Is it enforceable?

made changes to the guidelines for disability access which fit the ADA of 1990 and better match existing codes and standards. Makes it easier to comply with everything, less complicated. Not officially adopted by the US depertmant of justice so not enforceable.

Which four greenhouse gasses contribute to climate change?

methane, water vapor, carbon dioxide, ozone

Title 5 of the ADA

miscellaneous including state and municipalities having the right to implement stricter regulations than ADA

What is greenwashing?

misleading consumers regarding the environmental practices of a company or the environmental benefits of a produce or service

What are the three categories of disabling conditions?

mobility - wheelchair/limited range of motion/reach - moving through spaces sensory - sight/hearing dexterity - how you can move your hands to do things, ability to use grip (arthritis) don't have hands, paralysis, overcome the need for a "power grip" like when you need to turn a doorknob

Originally sustainability applied to only... but now also includes...

natural resource but now it includes the environment, eco-systems, economic development, food production, energy use and social organization

Mandalay Bay compliance issues for 2010

needed 32 inch wide guest room doors in all fools needed accessible rooms evenly dispersed throughout building dining rooms needed ramp or need to be on a flat level no stairs all restrooms and employee lockers need to be accessible for employees and guests even if no disabled employees

Which categories of the LEED rating system apply to hotels and restaurants?

new construction and existing buildings

what changed about parking lots under 2010 standards?

new signage, wording, striping height of signs, frequency of handicap spaces

Has any organization or society ever achieved complete sustainability?

no

movie captioning

now has to show the lyrics for music rather than just the music note symbols

what are some examples of a mobility disability?

paralysis of the legs or lower body, amputations, injury with crutches/wheelchair/scooter, sciatica, joint replacement surgery, arthritis, stroke, using a cane, vertigo, walker, morbid obesity

What are changes under 2010 Standards?

parking lots, placement of toilets and urinals, signage, recreational equipment like fitness equipment

How do people contribute to climate change?

people burn fossil fuels which release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.

What are the triple bottom line? What is usually the easiest of the 3 p's to argue for? why?

people, profit, planet; usually profit is the easiest one to sell when pitching to get an approval

Title 3 of the ADA

public accommodations and commercial facilities - greatest impact on hospitality - covered all existing and future construction of lodging facilities, restaurants, entertainment and recreational facilities, - auxiliary aids required so that disabled can enjoy goods and services offered by establishments fully

Title 2 of the ADA

public services - prevent discrimination in public programs, services or activities of public entities (state and local govs) including public transportation, also phased in to give places time to comply

what changed about signage in the 2010 standards?

raised signage, braille, high contrast letters and background, sign can now be on door instead of strike side, still 60" from ground in teh center

What does validating involve in the product certification process?

record keeping of written declarations of which products comply with the standards and are allowed to use the certification trademark

What is the most basic form of certification?

self certification

What are the three types of certification? What is the weakest type? What is the strongest type?

self-certification, affiliated certification, third party certification. Self is weakest. Third party is strongest.

According to the ADA, what are the regulations on water fountains, fire extinguishers, phones, and signs? Why?

should be in the wall or no more than 4 inches into the path of travel and no more than 27 inches above ground. a blind person could not detect something wall mounted and hurt themselves

sensory accommodations

signage - high contrast, raised, braille, simple font. placed exactly 60 inches from the ground from the center of the sign assistive listening devices - must have three available for guest usage in the hotel (U.S.) if one gets stolen or broken must replace it. if all three are in use and another person shows up, protected

According to the ADA, what are the regulations on elevator signage and buttons?

signage should be 60 inches from the floor and not stick out more than 4 inches. elevator buttons can be 42 inches above the floor

The "people" bottom line is also referred to as

social equity

new handicap devices such as.... need to be...

such as scooters/motorized wheelchairs need to be accounted for in accommodations. New devices are being created all of the time. try to build with the anticipation of new stuff (safety cushion)

What are the Environmental Performance Declarations?

summary of the reductions in environmental and human health impacts attributable to products, groups of products, and buildings across the entire life cycle

what senses are not covered by the "sensory" category of disabling conditions?

taste, smell, touch; just hearing and sight

What did the SCS "pioneer"

the development of Environmental Performance Declarations based on life style assessments

According to the ADA, how wide do sidewalks need to be?

wide enough to accommodate two people in wheelchairs meeting on the sidewalk 3' with a 2' turnout space

Why do hotels generally shy away from LEED certification?

- expensive certification fees - belief that it is expensive to build either new or modify existing hotel to make it green - a lot of reporting, rigorous

What is Green Seal. When was it founded? What kind of organization is it? What does it test?

- one of the most reputable environmental certification bodies in the US - founded in 1989 - 501 (c)(3) non profit - tests more than 40 separate categories (paints, floor care products, cleaning chemicals, lodging)

when there is a change in flooring i.e. tile to carpet, what is the maximum height difference?

.5 inches

How many hotels are currently listed as ENERGY STAR properties?

247

what is the optimal range for reaching for both wheelchair and non wheelchair people?

3-4 feet

According to the ADA, all new guest rooms should be...

32" wide

How do greenhouse gasses contribute to climate change?

An increase in their presence makes the planet warmer. They trap heat in the atmosphere and keep it from escaping.

What is an Evac-Chair? is it required by the ADA?

Chair to help people move disabled people down stairs in the case of an emergency and the elevator breaks. designed so that a smaller person can move a bigger person. not required by the ADA

Explain earth's eccentricity. How long does it take? What are low and high eccentricity?

Earth's eccentricity is its orbital shape. It changes over the course of 100,000 years from a round orbit (low eccentricity) to a elliptical orbit (high eccentricity). High eccentric orbit brings earth closest to the sun, solar radiation (insolation), heats up earth.

Explain earth's obliquity. What is its range? What is the significance of the tilt?

Earth's obliquity is its axial tilt. It ranges from 22.1 to 24.5. When the tilt is greater, the summers are warmer and the winters are colder.

Explain Earth's precession

Earth's precession is the change in the orientation of earth's rotational axis. If one hemisphere of earth is pointed towards the sun at perihelion (when the earth is closest to the sun) it will be an extremely hot summer. If one hemisphere of earth is pointed away from the sun at aphelion (when the earth is farthest from the sun) it will be an extremely cold winter.

Who has the most widely recognized forest certification program globally

FSC

GEN - What does it stand for? For profit or non profit? Who belongs to it? When was it founded?What was it designed to do? How many ecolabeling practitioners? What do its membership requirements include?

Global Ecolabelling Network - non-profit - members are all third party environmental certifiers aka performance labeling organizations - founded in 1994 - designed to improve, promote and develop ecolabelling - 25 ecolabelling practitioners - requirements include references to ISO 14024

ISO 14064

Greenhouse gas accounting and verification

What does readily achievable mean? Who is it for? Who decides if something is readily achievable?

Its for guests who are disabled. ADA modification doesn't cause extreme economic hardship or great deal of difficulty. courts decide what is readily achievable

What is the definition of sustainable development

Meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

Is a product's "greenness" synonymous with its "quality"? explain.

No. A product should be green but also effective and minimal cost. Some certifiers report on these factors. You can also test it yourself before committing to ordering large quantities if possible. 20 years ago green products were expensive and less efficient, gave them a bad name. Now, green products are much more competitive

Is ISO an acronym? Why? What does it stand for?

No. Because International Organization for Standardization would not be the name in other languages. It stands for "isos" which is greek for "equal"

Who identifies power options representing the lowest environmental impact for companies?

SCS

Who is one of the leading providers of Forest Stewardship Council

SCS

According to the ADA, which room types need to be compliant?

There should be ADA compliant options in all room types

which title of the ADA is relevant to this class?

Title 3

What are examples of auxiliary aids required by Title 3 of the ADA?

amplified headsets strobe lights for alarm systems bed shaker alarms

According to the ADA, what are public restrooms required to have?

easy to operate faucet handles, cutaway counters, hot water and drain pipes that are insulated so wheelchaired people dont burn their legs

although the ADA codes do not get grandfathered in.... the ... codes do

electrical and building codes do

Title 1 of the ADA

employment - prevent discrimination against the disabled who are qualified for job positions - put into practice in stages, big businesses first and all businesses by 1994

What is ecologo?

environmental certifying body

ISO 14046

environmental communication

ISO 14020-14025 - they are not what?

environmental labels, not actual green labels, but provide requirements, guidelines and principals

ISO 14031 and 14032

environmental performance evaluation

What areas does the SCS provide certification for?

environmental performance, food safety and quality, and social responsibility in private and public sector

who looks for ADA violations

everyday patrons. there are no ADA inspectors. plaintiff must seek compensation themselves. the Department of Justice may act as plaintiffs attorney if the case is really bad violation otherwise plaintiff needs own attorneY

if you change tile...

have to be aware of a change in thickness, could be putting the compliance of all height requirements in jeopardy

What are issues with self certification?

highly suspect, lacks credibility, bias

whose hotel's sustainability programs are ahead of everyone else?

hilton

elevator door buttons in the US

int he us, the close elevator door button is disabled during normal operating hours bc ADA requires a certain amount of time for a handicap person to get in. main floor gets more seconds of open door than other floors. exceptions are when the fire department comes or people use the elevators for moving. they should reinstate the close door button

trip advisor's green leaders

pretty much free certification; different levels

What are examples of readily achievable priorities?

primary entrances, primary goods and services, public restroom facilities, any remaining barriers

Title 4 of the ADA

telecommunications for the disabled

What are the steps of getting a product certified?

testing, validating, auditing

Milankovitch's Theory (what is it about?)

theory about the impact of the earth's movement on long-term global climate change. 3 factors.

What is the premium for building a new LEED silver building

went from 3-4% to 1-2%

What is perihelion?

when earth is closest to the sun in its orbit

In the long run, sustainability is a ... for hospitality companies.

win win

Summarize the potential of global warming

- coastal areas will be underwater - plants and animals will become extinct (drastic changes in their environment like melting ice, drying up, going underwater) - some areas will get more rain some with dry up - destroy environment because weather will change - plants and animals dying will lead to higher food prices - high prices/food shortages will lead to global conflict. - poor countries will have it the worst

What are some examples of "planet" triple bottom line?

- don't use up one natural resource - use resources that can regenerate indefinitely or can be recycled indefinitely - compostable utencils - energy saving lights - farm to table - no transportation - composting/recycling - minimize what you use, what you do use try to recycle - reduce water consumption because have to pay for it to leave property too - sustainable construction materials for the building of the company - avoid fossil fuels - use wind, solar, geothermal energy - avoid creating toxic byproducts - minimize waste - conserve water and energy - good environmental quality on the inside and outside of the building

What benefits does LEED certification offer a hotel?

- energy/water efficiency - lower utilities expenses - more productive employees because of an emphasis on indoor environmental quality - good public opinion - could attract more guests - higher room rates - some guests are reportedly willing to pay a higher room rate for a green hotel

what is the premium for a new LEED certified building

.66%

What are the three factors of Milankovitch's Theory?

1. eccentricity 2. obliquity 3. precession

What nine categories are included in the LEED rating system

1. new construction 2. existing buildings 3. commercial interiors 4. core and shell 5. schools 6. retail 7. healthcare 8. home 9 neighborhood development

How much can an LEED building save in energy costs over its lifetime?

30-50%

ENERGY STAR certified buildings use on average how much less energy than typical buildings? And how much less carbon dioxide?

35% less energy and generate 1/3 less carbon dioxide

How many Titles does the ADA have?

5

ADAAG - what does it stand for? what is it for?

Americans with disabilities accessibility guidelines

What does NOAA stand for? What were their findings?

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. They found that carbon dioxide has steadily risen throughout the late 20th century and 21st century

What does "people" refer to in the triple bottom line?

People refers to the fair and equitable treatment of employees and people in the community and region where the business is located.