HMGT 1450

Stevia leaf extract provides kilocalories per serving.

0

Based on the recommendations of the Mediterranean Diet Pyramid, rank the following foods in order, from foods that should be consumed in the highest amounts to foods consumed in smallest amounts.

1. Meats and sweets 2. Cheese and yogurt 3. Fish and seafood 4. Plant foods (fruits, veggies, grains, and olive oil)

This is a realistic six-month weight loss goal for an overfat adult.

10% of current weight

What is the U.S. Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) for protein as a percent of daily energy intake?

10-35%

This is a pre-diabetes fasting blood glucose value.

100

Brent is a 22-year-old man who doesn't smoke. His RDA for vitamin C is 90 mg per day. If he takes ____ mg of vitamin C each day, he will consume megadose amounts of the vitamin. (Check all that apply.)

1000, 900

How many pounds does a 70 kilogram man weigh?

154

Sondra is allergic to raw fruit. When she eats fresh apples, for example, her lips soon begin to swell and feel like they've been burned. Although she can't eat fresh fruit, she can consume cooked, canned, or juiced forms of fruit. According to the USDA, she can substitute ___ of canned applesauce for 2 small fresh apples.

2 cups

The Dietary Value (DV) of sodium on a Nutrition Facts Label is based on a diet composed of this many calories per day.

2.000 kcal/day

One pound of body fat represents this many calories.

3500

A fetus born before spending at least this many weeks in the uterus is premature.

37

This is the fiber recommended adequate intake for young adult men.

38 grams/day

A food that supplies less than percent (%) of DV is considered a low source of the nutrient listed. (number only)

5%

A tablespoon of a sugar or syrup provides about this many calories.

50

This blood glucose level is hypoglycemic.

65 mg/dl

Obese people may be able to have surgery to help them lose weight. Complete each sentence with the appropriate term.

A bariatric surgical procedure that's relatively easy to reverse is called adjustable gastric banding. Weight loss after gastric banding tends to be less than with the more invasive surgical procedures. A sleeve gastrectomy procedure reduces the stomach's size but doesn't bypass part of the small intestine. Therefore, nutrient absorption isn't reduced. During the Roux-en-Y procedure, the surgeon uses staples to reduce the obese patient's stomach capacity, then cuts the small intestine and attaches the lower end of it to the newly formed stomach pouch.

A chest pain called angina is caused by this condition.

A clot partially blocking an artery in the heart

A nutrient content claim describes

A nutrient content claim describes

Released by catabolic processes, this molecule is referred to as energy currency for body cells.

ATP

Consuming a vegan diet can provide some health advantages as well as some disadvantages. Indicate whether each statement about a vegan diet describes a health advantage or disadvantage by dragging the statement to its correct classification.

Advantage- high in fiber, low in saturated fat, high in magnesium, high in vitamin CDisadvantage- low in omega-3 fatty acids, low in energy, particularly for growing children

During this type of exercise cells use oxygen to metabolize glucose.

Aerobic

Which of the following functions is not a role of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) that involves food labeling?

Allowing a food manufacturer to claim that a food is "low-calorie" because it provides 100 kcal or less per serving

Which of the following is NOT a recommendation of an international team that studied sustainable agriculture?

Avoid foods that are grown using GMO

Taking too much of this water-soluble vitamin as a supplement can be toxic.

B-6

Fat is the primary fuel muscles use while resting or engaged in low- to moderate-intensity physical activities. Put the activities in order from greatest percentage of energy utilized by fat (1) to least percentage of energy utilized by fat (4).

Bench press weight lifting, two hour 12 mile run, playing a professional basketball game, 50 yard dash (sprint)

The Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges indicate ranges of carbohydrate, fat, and protein intakes that provide adequate amounts of vitamins and minerals and may reduce the risk of diet-related chronic diseases. For a person who is following a 2,500-kilocalorie per day diet, determine the approximate number of grams of each macronutrient to be consumed using the AMDR as the guideline, and match it with its macronutrient category:

Carbohydrate: 280-400 grams per day Protein: 63-218 grams per day Fat: 56-97 grams per day

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration regulates this type of information concerning food and nutrition.

Claims on product labels

This federal act allows manufacturers to classify dietary supplements as foods.

Dietary Supplement and Health Education Act

There are a number of "red flags" for identifying nutrition-related misinformation. Match the claim to the appropriate red flag.

Disclaimers: The super Cleanse Diet"Money back guarantees": Arginne XXXTestimonial: Hi! I'm Darla Heart.Promises of quick and easy health remedies: Juicing is easy and fun!Too good to be true: Razz-Berry Ketones Diet

Complete each sentence with the appropriate pregnancy-related term.

During the first 8 weeks, the fertilized egg divides rapidly to form a mass of cells that increases in size and begins to form organs. At this stage, the developing human being is an embryo. From 8 weeks after conception until birth, the developing human being is referred to as a fetus. During most of pregnancy, the placenta is the organ responsible for nutrient and oxygen transfer from the mother to the developing human being. A developing human being generally needs to spend at least 37 weeks within the uterus to survive after birth without the need for special care. A fetus that's born before the 37th week is premature. At birth, a healthy, mature fetus usually weighs about 6 to 8 pounds and is 19 to 21 inches long. An infant weighing less than 5 1/2 pounds is considered low-birth-weight.

In the early stages of her pregnancy, Dana often experienced morning sickness. She found that a few practices helped alleviate her mild nausea. Which practices are recommended to alleviate nausea associated with pregnancy? Check all that apply.

Eating small, frequent meals and snacks Drinking small sips of water and eating crackers before getting out of bed

This agency regulates the sanitation of public water supplies.

Environmental Protection Agency

Which of the following factors does not directly influence metabolic rate?

Ethnicity

What feature is required on labels of dietary supplements?

FDA disclaimer if the FDA has not reviewed a claim.

You can rely on the scientific merit of a nutrition claim based on research conducted at a private health care facility.

False

On average, Sabrina consumes 1800 kcal per day. Her average carbohydrate intake is 900 kcal per day; her protein intake averages 600 kcal per day; and her fat intake averages 300 kcal per day. Use this information to calculate whether macronutrient intakes are within the recommended ranges of the AMDR. If her intake of carbohydrate, protein, and/or fat is not in the recommended range, place an X in the macronutrient's box.

Fat

Alcohol has many nutritional effects on the body. Check the problems that can be caused by consuming excessive amounts of alcohol.

Folate deficiency Thiamin deficiency Low blood glucose

Registered dietitian nutritionists generally don't recommend that healthy people consume more than the RDA amount of protein. Which of the following statements about excessive protein intakes is true? (Check all that apply.)

For some people, excess protein intakes may contribute to kidney stones. You can build bigger muscles simply by eating high amounts of protein.

Freezing food is one way of preserving food. Which of the following statements is true?

Freezing halts microbes' ability to multiply.

The animal glucose storage formed is called

Glycogen

This is the smallest and most dense lipoprotein.

HDL

Dolores was 4 months pregnant when she discovered she was going to have a baby. Before learning about her pregnancy, she consumed moderate amounts of alcohol and, at times, she'd binge drink. Based on this information, which of the following health problems or defects is her baby likely to have when it's born? (Check all that apply.)

Heart defects Facial deformities Lower than normal intelligence

Dehydration resulting in concentrated, dark urine indicates this level of type of heat related illness.

Heat exhaustion

A nutrition anecdote is not the same as a testimonial. Which of the following descriptions is an example of a testimonial?

In a TV commercial, a famous football player claims that a popular energy drink has helped improve his energy levels.

Using a meat thermometer is the most accurate way to determine the internal temperature of meat, fish, or poultry while it's being cooked. Where is the best area to insert the meat thermometer for accurate temperature readings?

In the thickest part of the muscle tissue

This agency inspects grocery stores and restaurants for compliance with food safety regulations.

Local health department

There are legal definitions for some common nutrient content claims. Match the type of food with the product that is allowed to have that nutrient content claim on its package label:

Low-calorie candy - 40 calories or less Low-fat popcorn - 3 grams or less of fat Reduced- fat crackers - Has less than 25% less fat of the regular product Extra Lean beef - has less than 5 grams of fat, 2 grams of saturated fat, and 95 mg of cholesterol per serving

Which of the following statements about cancer cells is true?

Malignant cells require more nutrients than normal cells

Marcella has a 5-year-old son who's allergic to peanuts, so she's concerned that her 1-month-old daughter has a high risk of developing food allergies. Which of the following steps can she take to reduce the likelihood that her daughter develops food allergies? (Check all that apply.)

Marcella should ask the baby's pediatrician when it's safe to give foods that contain peanuts to the infant. Marcella should avoid feeding the baby items that are likely to cause allergies, especially fish, eggs, and products that contain wheat, until she is 12 months of age.

This term describes the sum of all the chemical changes that occur in living cells.

Metabolism

Complete each sentence about the causes of food-borne illness.

Microbes that can cause disease are called pathogens. Simple single-celled microorganisms such as Salmonella and Clostridium are types of bacteria. Another potential source of food-borne illnesses are viruses, which are microscopic agents that can cause disease. Food-borne illness can also be caused by microbes that live on dead or decaying organic matter. These kinds of microbes are called fungi. When some microbes contaminate food, they produce chemicals that irritate the intestinal tract and cause food intoxication.

Which of the following factors contribute to undernutrition in developing countries? (Check all that apply.)

Overpopulation Cultural traditions Unsanitary water supplies Wars

The subjects of an intervention study are most likely to be this group.

People with similar dietary habits

"Coconut oil is a superfood!" What evidence supports this claim?

Personal conviction

This is a fake treatment given to the control group in a double-blind study.

Placebo

Consuming alcohol during pregnancy can cause a fetal alcohol spectrum disorder, resulting in impaired physical and intellectual development. What's the current recommendation regarding alcohol consumption during pregnancy?

Pregnant women should avoid alcoholic beverages at all stages of pregnancy.

Hannah is obese and has diabetes. She would like to locate a nutrition and diet expert to help her lose weight and get her diabetes under control. She should seek someone who has _____ for credentials., People who have this credential are specially trained, college-educated health care professionals who have extensive knowledge of foods, nutrition, and dietetics.

RDN

Based on the information that's provided in the description, determine whether the website is a source of reliable nutrition information.

Reliable: nutrition blog article, any website with .govNot Reliable: pop-up ad for sleep aid, website that offers subscriptions for weight-loss supplements

Based on the information that's provided in the description, determine whether the website is a source of reliable nutrition information.

Reliable: nutrition blog, anything with.govNot Reliable: pop-up add, website on monthly supplies fo weight loss that takes major credit cards

This term describes the sensation that you've consumed enough food and drink to alleviate hunger.

Satiety

This type of fat insulates the body and keeps it warm in cold temperatures.

Subcutaneous

Which of the following symptoms is NOT associated with gestational hypertension, or preeclampsia?

Swollen breasts

This is a personal endorsement of a food or product that is not be based on scientific evidence.

Testimonial

Which U.S. federal agency enforces consumer protection laws and investigates complaints about false or misleading health claims that are used in advertising?

The Federal Trade Commission (FTC)

This fatty acid has only single bonds in the carbon-to-carbon chain.

This fatty acid has only single bonds in the carbon-to-carbon chain.

This is the highest level of a vitamin or mineral that can be regularly consumed without increased risk of harm.

Tolerable Upper Intake Level

Nutrition is a science that requires specialized training and practitioners have advanced degrees from accredited universities.

True

Research results are often sensationalized by the media and imply benefits that exceed those reported by scientists conducting the study.

True

Submitting a question to quackwatch.org helps you verify the credentials of a nutritionist.

True

The U.S. Federal Trade Commission enforces consumer protection laws.

True

Vitamins have drug like, toxic effects when repeatedly taken in excess.

True

The Dietary Reference Intakes is an umbrella term that covers a group of nutrient recommendations. Drag the nutrient recommendation and explanation to its corresponding DRI term.

Ul - Exceeding this recommended value of a nutrient will increase the risk of toxicity EER - The average caloric intake for healthy people who are maintaining their weight AI - When there is not sufficient research to make a more definitive recommendation, this amount appears maintains good health RDA - This amount meets the nutrient needs for almost everyone in a particular age and life stage group

Undernutrition in pregnancy can have lifelong consequences for mother and child. Select all of the statements that apply to undernutrition in pregnancy.

Undernutrition in the pregnant woman can lead to premature birth. Undernutrition in the pregnant woman can lead to breathing problems in the baby. Undernutrition in the pregnant woman can lead to increased risk of the mother dying during childbirth.

Which of the following is an example of cross-contamination of food?

Using the same cutting board for slicing carrots that was used to quarter raw chicken

This is reliable source of information on the health benefits of a nutrition supplement.

Website of a nationally recognized health organization

Review the following descriptions of individuals' weight-loss behaviors. Check the behaviors that are recommended by registered dietitians because they're safe and reliable. (Check all that apply.)

When Herb orders a meal at a restaurant, he eats only half of the food and takes the rest home to eat the following day. When Cher wakes up in the morning, she always has a nutrient-dense breakfast. Susan measures her waistline once a month and keeps a record of the measurements in a notebook.

Celiac disease is a condition characterized by intestinal damage that is caused by a reaction to a particular dietary protein. A person with celiac disease should avoid all of the following snacks or meals, except _____.

a casserole made with quinoa.

Which of the following is the best definition of an enzyme?

a protein that helps a specific chemical reaction to occur

Body cells shrink when concentrations of extracellular sodium are normal.

above

The process of takes up nutrients in the digestive tract and distributes them via the bloodstream or lymphatic system.

absorption

When should fats, such as canola oil or butter, be added to cooked foods?

after cooking

These protein structures in the bloodstream combat infection.

antibodies

This colloquial term describes a central body fat shape.

apple

This is another name for vitamin C.

ascorbic acid

This happens when a gallstone blocks the passage from the liver to the duodenum.

bile backs up into the liver

If this substance was missing fats would clump and digestion in the small intestine would be less efficient.

bile salts

Cells in this body organ contain high amounts of cholesterol.

brain

Lawrence doesn't know that long-term energy imbalance will lead to a change in his body weight. He can expect to gain weight when his

caloric intake exceeds his energy expenditure.

An agent that is cancer-causing is said to be ____________ . Cancerous cells that divide repeatedly and frequently and do not die are called ____________ cells. If these cells grow together to form masses, the masses are called ____________ . Cancerous cells move to and invade other parts of the body. When cancer spreads to other tissues, the disease has ____________ .

carcinogenic malignant malignant tumors metastasized.

Which of the following terms refers to metabolic processes that breakdown larger substances into smaller units.

catabolism

This is the smallest living functional unit in your body.

cell

Body cells release this type of energy when nutrients are broken down.

chemical

Formed by small intestine absorptive cells, this is a lipid-rich particle coated with protein and phospholipids that transports lipids in the bloodstram.

chylomicron

Supplementing with an excess of one mineral your ability to absorb other minerals.

decreases

Rapid weight loss is a sign of this water related condition.

dehydration

Depletion of body fluid volume or dehydration is a consequence of this digestive disorder.

diarrhea

This condition is characterized by frequent loose stools (bowel movements).

diarrhea

This is an energy source for bacteria living in the large intestine.

dietary fiber

Small pouches that form in the lining of the large intestine are called

diverticula

The scientific method can be applied to your personal life. Organize the components of Luisa's self experiment as they relate to the order of typical steps of the scientific method.

easy

There are several forms of which is the capacity to perform work. (To receive credit your answer must be correctly spelled.)

energy

This fluid surrounds the outside of cells.

extracellular

A complementary combination of protein foods contains animal sources.

false

A home bioelectrical impedance device accurately measures body fat percentage.

false

After it enters the body cholesterol in food undergoes digestion.

false

All forms of LDL cholesterol are unhealthy.

false

BMI (Body Mass Index) is an accurate predictor of your risk of developing diseases associated with body fat.

false

Lack of dietary vitamin B-12 is the primary cause of pernicious anemia.

false

Minerals don't occur naturally in food and must be added.

false

Single mineral supplements are a good idea.

false

The safety of herbal supplements is guaranted by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.

false

There are no plant-based foods that contain protein of high quality comparable to that from animals.

false

Vitamins undergo digestion in the small intestine.

false

The body converts excess dietary fructose to this macronutrient.

fat

When glycogen storage capacity is exceeded glucose is converted to this macronutrient .

fat

This food is a high-quality source of protein.

fish

This form of folate is used in food fortification.

folic acid

This disaccharide is composed of two units of glucose.

galactose

Physicians may provide nutrition information to their patients. Nevertheless, many physicians aren't nutrition experts, because they

generally don't take human nutrition courses while in medical school.

Under routine, every day conditions your body primarily metabolizes (macronutrient) for energy.

glucose

When energy needs are met the liver converts excess blood glucose to this storage form.

glycogen

The amount of protein that you need each day is measured in these units.

grams

This is a major risk factor for atherosclerosis.

high LDL cholesterol and low HDL cholesterol

When compared to soft water, hard water is usually in calcium and magnesium.

higher

Blood glucose level decrease as this hormone enables cells to absorb glucose.

insulin

This condition is characterized by red blood cells with inadequate hemoglobin.

iron deficiency anemia

A person who ____ has a higher risk of developing an eating disorder than a person who does not have this characteristic.

is overly concerned about his or her body shape

This structural protein makes your skin waterproof.

keratin

This is a vegetarian diet that includes milk and dairy products.

lactovegetarian

This term describes the amino acids in a food that are in amounts too low to manufacture (synthesize) proteins for growth, repair, and maintenance.

limiting amino acid

During digestion, this substance breaks down lipids.

lipase

This organ recycles bile salts.

liver

A chylomicron leaving an absorptive cell enters this system for transport throughout the body.

lymphatic

If 100 milligrams or more is required, it is a mineral.

major

The flow of nutrients in and out of a human cell is controlled by this feature.

membrane

This unit is used to measure folate recommendations.

micrograms

This term applies to a fatty acid with one double bond in the carbon-to-carbon chain.

monounsaturated

Lean muscle contains water than fat tissue.

more

Under normal conditions protein is metabolized to provide no more than this percent of daily calorie needs.

not 20%

percent (%) of Americans are hypertensive. (number only, do not add a percent sign or units)

not 50

This is a possible side effect of minimizing table salt in the diet.

not none of these choices

The final step of protein digestion takes place in this organ.

not small intestine

An organism that digests and absorbs nutrients from plants, animals, fungi and bacteria is a(n) .

omnivore

A group of tissues working together in a related fashion is called a(an) .

organ

This body organ contains cells that produce insulin

pancreas

Plumpy'nut contains micronutrients and

peanuts, powdered milk, oil, and sugar.

Sudha is a 3-year-old girl living in a developing nation that has millions of children suffering from protein-energy malnutrition (PEM). She is likely to have PEM if she experiences _____.

poor physical growth

Carbohydrate and are macronutrients supplied by grain foods. (Correct spelling is required to receive credit)

protein

Luisa is overweight and has a condition called pre-diabetes. She would like to locate a nutrition and diet expert to help her lose weight. She should seek a _____, because this person is a college-trained health care professional who has extensive knowledge of foods, nutrition, and dietetics.

registered dietitian who counsels patients in a hospital clinic

This is the smallest amount of a nutrient that maintains a defined level of nutritional health.

requirement

This is an excellent food source of vitamin D.

salmon

Based upon structure this might be a good plant-based source of protein.

seed

This organ is the destination of newly absorbed amino acids.

small intestine

Sam usually consumes 2800 kcal per day and maintains a healthy weight for his height by exercising daily. On average, his intake of added sugars is 160 kcal per day; his saturated fat intake is 9% of his total calorie intake; his sodium intake is 2700 mg per day, and his water intake is almost 10 cups per day. He would like to follow the recommendations of the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans. Based on this information, his _____ intake doesn't meet the recommendations. (Check all that apply.)

sodium

Bacteria in the large intestine ferment this carbohydrate which results in intestinal gas.

soluble

A vegetarian diet generally ____ than a "Western diet."

supplies more dietary fiber

When this gland is enlarged it is called a goiter.

thyroid

This is a mass of cells with similar characteristics.

tissue

Your coworker is taking 6,000 IU of vitamin D each day and you notice that he doesn't eat most of his lunch anymore. What condition do you suspect? (one word)

toxicity

In the U.S. food labels are required to list this type of fat that is associated with adverse health outcomes.

trans fat

This is the most common lipid in your body.

triglyceride

A woman with 36% of weight as body fat is overweight but not obese.

true

Alcohol is a risk factor for mouth and throat cancer.

true

All body cells contain protein.

true

Body proteins are manufactured at the cellular level.

true

Dietary supplements aren't intended to treat, diagnose or cure diseases.

true

Foods rich in vitamins and phytochemicals are the most effective dietary approach to reducing cancer risk.

true

It is possible to consume toxic levels of caffeine by drinking energy drinks.

true

Lack of dietary fiber affects frequency of bowl movements.

true

Most cases of cardiovascular disease are caused by atherosclerosis.

true

Obesity is a risk factor for breast cancer.

true

The average American consumes over 3 grams of sodium daily.

true

The body can make non-essential amino acids.

true

The body does not make essential amino acids which must be supplied by foods.

true

Women with gestational diabetes are at increased risk of developing Type 2 diabetes later in life.

true

The absorptive cells in the outer layer of the in the small intestine secrete digestive enzymes.

villi

Epithelial cells that produce no mucus are an early symptom of this vitamin deficient.

vitamin A

A poorly planned vegetarian diet might be low in this vitamin.

vitamin B-12

Based on solubility, which of the following vitamins is likely to be abundant in fatty fish like sardines?

vitamin D

Fortified dairy foods are a source of this fat-soluble vitamin.

vitamin D

This vitamin reduces the rate at which the kidneys eliminate calcium.

vitamin D

antioxidant defense red blood cell formation growth and development

vitamin E vitamin B-12 choline

Long term antibiotic therapy causes a deficiency of this vitamin by negatively affecting beneficial bacteria in the large intestine .

vitamin K