HOI Chapter 10
Photography developed in which century?
18th century.
Understand why Karl Marx was influenced by G. W.F. Hegel's philosophy that change is a thesis opposed by an antithesis, and the conflict producing a synthesis?
All change, all progress, is brought about by the conflict of vast forces.
Jews prior to 1800 were able to succeed in "Christian" Europe in what way?
Banking
A meritocracy was found only in what class prior to 1800?
Clerics
What does VanDoren claim was the 19th century's greatest accomplishment?
Electricity.
Adam Smith in The Wealth of Nations (1776) described the ability to sell one's work for wages, like selling any other commodity, is what kind of "make.t"?
Labor Market
If handguns made men equal (one as dangerous as another, regardless of physical size/strength) what does VanDoren say made armies equal by the time of World War I?
Machine gun.
Which class of people prior to 1800 sought to buy books if they ever did get money?
Merchants
Which class produced food prior to 1800?
Peasants
Which class prior to 1800 did have money, but it was not their main interest except as it might be used for getting lands?
The Lords
What is "the Faustian development," in Goethe's 2nd play (1832) when Faust makes his deal with the Devil (Mephistopheles)?
The old feudal way is no more and the future is the place to live.
Explain why VanDoren says five economic classes were basic to life prior to 1800, but they generally had no real interest in earning money?
The peasant,Lord, Cleric,King, and merchant.
Van Doren says 19th c. novelists wrote obscene works as "rebellious children" trying to shock a wayward father into realizing the error of his ways. Explain.
Their critiques were based more on love than on hate. Relationships were stripped of meaning.
Understand Karl Marx's communist Manifesto describing the bourgeois "revolutionary" process of making money by creating new things, seeking improvements, and tearing things down to build new things up.
They build for the sake of expanding their capital, not building. Tear down because building again will better serve the purpose.