HOL 4700 Final

multicultural world

As all behaviors are learned and displayed in a cultural context, all interviewing and counseling are multicultural." Paul Pedersen (2006)

taking notes

-Avoid allowing writing to take precedence over listening. -Taking notes is only a problem if it makes the interviewer anxious -With client permission, audio- or video tape can be used. -Notes and recordings must be made available to the client.

listening sequence

-BLS skills need not be used in a specific order. -Interviewer needs to adapt the skills to meet client needs. -The interviewer observes and flexes use of skills to support the client.

cultivate healing presence

-Be adaptable -Clear the space between you -Clear a space around you -Clear a space in time -Create an atmosphere of calm

multiple influences

-Because everything is interconnected, our mind/body/spirit respond on multiple levels and can be influenced in many ways. -Example: A stressed mind influences body and heart...a sick body influences mind and spirit -Looking for quick fixes (like aspirin for a headache, alcohol for depression), doesn't work in the long run.

challenges of being present

-Being consciously and compassionately in the present moment with another -Believing in and affirming their potential for wholeness -You don't do presence-you are presence -Societal norms emphasizes effectiveness over being mindful -Difficult to be fully present

reflection of feelings

-Bring out richness of client's emotional world. -Most clients have mixed feelings about significant others and events. -Help clients sort through complex feelings and thoughts. -Focus the counselor and client in the basic experience of deeper feelings and goals.

initiating the session

-Building rapport is critical before the client will trust you to help. -Structuring helps the client know how the interview will proceed. -Your ability to recognize and respect multicultural differences may be key to the success of your interview.

set mutual goals

-Don't assume you and your client have the same goal. -Define the problem and the outcome in the language of the client. -Search for positive assets to help achieve the goal.

explore and create

-Encourage clients to find their own solutions. -Facilitate exploration of issues and solutions. -Generate alternatives. -Plan for action beyond the interview.

paraphrasing skills

-Facilitate exploration and clarification of client issues... -Choose a sentence stem. -Use other's key words and main ideas. -Briefly state essence of other's talk. -Check for accuracy

encouraging skills

-Head nods and positive facial expressions -Open gestures -Minimal verbals - "Ummm" or "Uh-huh" -Repeat key words from last statement -Silence with appropriate nonverbal behavior

goals of active listening

-Help clients talk in more detail. -Stop overly talkative clients. -Clarifies what is actually being said for both the client and the interviewer. -Check the accuracy of what you are hearing.

potential problems

-Honor cultural differences. -Excessive use - gives control to interview and takes focus off the client -"Rapidfire" questions grill the client. -Questions, as statements, may lead the client. -"Why" questions may recall guilt and anger.

gathering data

-Listen to the client's story -- find out why the client is present. -Gather data about clients and their perceptions. -Focus on client strengths as well as client issues.

healing

-Not the same as curing-not a remedy -Not about making another person well -You don't make healing happen -Healing is already present in everyone -Healing has a power and an intention all its own -Healing suggests the idea of wholeness-in particular movement towards wholeness -Foster conditions where healing can occur

responsibility

-Our ability to respond rather than react to circumstances and challenges in our lives. -A sense of accountability or ownership. -Taking action on an intention allows you to change old habits that no longer work for you!

summarizing skills

-Over a period of time. -Attend to verbal and nonverbal client comments. -Selectively attend to key concepts. -Restate key concepts to the client accurately. -Check for accuracy at the end.

positive assets

-Personal strength inventory -Cultural / gender / family strength inventory -Positive exceptions to the concern -Feedback coupled with positive questions.

active listening skills

-Requires interviewer participation. -Hear small changes in thoughts, feelings, behavior. -"Walk in the other person's shoes." -Help the client enlarge and enrich their story.

conclude

-Role-playing: practice new behaviors. -Homework: interviewer assigns weekly tasks. -Family or group counseling: involve spouses or family members therapy -Follow-up and support: periodic checks on behavior maintenance.

cross cultural situations

-Some cultures consider it rude to use questioning. -Questions from culturally different interviewers may be considered particularly rude. -Too many questions, too quickly, may promote distrust. -Questions, used insensitively, can destroy trust.

purpose of attending behavior

-To communicate you are listening Strategies? Skills? -Reduce your talk time Why? Quiet clients Rule of thumb on the mix of talking/listening -Provide clients/patients an opportunity to tell their story

focus positive emotions

-Wellness assessment: Reflect positive feeling associated with wellness assessment. -"What's right in the relationship?" Focus on positive aspects to balance the necessary focus on problem areas. -Positive homework: Assign "positive homework" such as work, exercise, or recreation. -Service to others: Encourage volunteer, church, or social work

empathetic understanding

-is experiencing the world as if you are the client, but remaining separate. -______ and listening are key in all human communication. -is communicating to the client that you understand. -Enables you to rate the quality and helpfulness of your interventions.

foundations of interviewing

1. ethics 2. Multicultural competence 3.wellness 4. emotional intelligence

five stages of the interview

1. initiating the session(rapport and structuring) 2. gathering data (drawing out stories/ issues) 3. set mutual goals ( what does the client want to happen) 4. explore and create ( exploring alternatives) 5. conclude (generalizing learning to real life)

observing discrepancies

1. nonverbal behavior 2. verbal statements 3. what one says vs what one does 4. between statements and nonverbal behaviors

verbal behavior

1. selective attention: what are your patterns 2. key words: shows how a client organizes their words 3. "I" and "other" statements: ownership and responsibility

ethics

1.Competence 2.Informed consent 3.Confidentiality 4.Power 5.Social Justice

attending skills

1.Three V's & B Visual: Eye contact Vocal: Paying attention to changes in vocal qualities Verbal tracking: What does this mean? Body language: attentive and authentic -Other related skills: Nonattention Silence-Explain this to me! -Cultural considerations

multicultural competence

APA guidelines: guideline 1- awareness guideline 2- knowledge guideline 3- skill

interconnectedness

All living things are made up of interdependent parts that operate on many different levels simultaneously. Examples of mind/body/spirit connections -Illness -Emotions (e.g., happiness, loss, fear, etc.) -Thoughts & beliefs - Placebo Effect

basic listening sequence

BLS skills USAGE open questions: Begin the session closed questions: diagnose and clarification encourager: evoke details throughout paraphrase: reflects essence of client talk summary: reviews and closes interviews *attending/ observation skills underlie the process

interviewing

Basic process for gathering information, problem solving and advice giving. -Guidance and counseling staff -Medical personnel -Business people -Wide variety of helping professionals

open questions

Begin an interview. Open new topics and pinpoint / clarify details. Identify specifics. Assist with client / situation assessment. What? How? Why? Could?

self

Centered place of consciousness Reflection of your inner world

summarize

Clarify and feedback lengthy and complex discussions.

microskills

Communication skills that enable you to interact with intentionality with your client. 1.Attending Behavior 2.Questioning 3.Responding 4.Noting and Reflecting 5.Client Observation 6.Confrontation 7.Focusing 8.Influencing

closed questions

Focus the interview Reveal specific details. Close down client talk. Increase interviewer control. Who? When? Where? Is? Are? Do?

encourage

Gestures, phrases, repetition

intentionality

Listen first; solve problems later. Avoid "perfect" solutions. Avoid jumping to the "right" response too soon. Adapt your style to suit different individuals / cultures. DO NOT GIVE ADVICE

balance and harmony

Maintenance: a state of balance (equilibrium or homeostasis) -Living on continuum is the ability to form and maintain sustainable relationships Functioning is optimal when internal (mind/body/spirit) and external systems (family, friends and community) are balanced

active listening

encourage paraphrase summarizing

positive psychology

focuses on positive emotions, characteristics, strengths, and conditions that create happiness

1.Be adaptable 2.Clear the space between you 3.Clear a space around you 4.Clear a space in time 5.Create an atmosphere of calm

how to prepare space for healing presence

1. observe the feeling 2. name the feelings 3. reflect to the client

how to use reflection of feeling

happiness

involves three concepts 1.Positive emotion and pleasure (savoring sensory experiences) 2.Engagement (depth of involvement with family, work, romance, and hobbies) 3.Meaning (using personal strengths to serve some larger end) *Engagement and meaning are the most important

intentionality

is acting with a sense of capability. Choosing from among a range of alternative actions, thoughts, and behaviors in responding to changing life situations. --If a helping skill doesn't work-try another approach!

psychotherapy

is more intense than counseling. Focuses on deep-seated personality or behavioral difficulties. Intentional interviewing skills are equally important for effectiveness

social emotions

learned from family and culture sad--> sympathy, embarrassment, guilt mad--> Jealousy, indignation, contempt glad--> Pride, gratitude, admiration scared--> Puzzled, embarrassment, guilt, jealousy

confidentiality

may be broken if client is in danger of harming oneself or others or issues of abuse must be reported otherwise everything must be kept private

impact of power

may cause client to feel oppressed, the very act of helping has power implications. the client may being counseling with perceived lesser power than the interviewer. Awareness of the openness to talk helps to even the playing field

counseling

more intensive and personal than interviewing,help people with normal problems / opportunities. -Social work -Guidance -Pastoral counseling -Psychology -Psychiatry, to a limited extent

parts

sub personalities Experience of having shifting states of mind that have unique sets of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors

begins with self Open to your: individuality humanness biases brokenness

where does healing presence begin

how something is said can sometimes overrule the actual words used by you or your client.

why is it important to observe your client and yourself during the interview?

1. self awareness 2. self regulation/ self management 3. motivating yourself and using your abilities 4. empathy 5. social skills

Elements of emotional intelligence

paraphrase

Shorten, clarify, and feedback other's comments.

1.Wisdom 2.Courage 3.Humanity 4.Justice 5.Temperance 6.Transcendence

Six virtues that "enable human thriving"

positive orientation

Story: As told by the client. Positive Assets: Build on positive aspects and client's strengths. Restory: Generate new ways for the client to talk about themselves. Action: Help the client bring new ways of thinking and being into action. -Listening -Strength Development -New Perspectives -Action Planning * focuses on strength and wellness

1. interconnectedness 2. balance and harmony 3. multiple influences 4. responsibility

What are the core concepts of holism

Religion/ spirituality Economic/ class background Sexual identity Personal style Ethnic/ racial identity Chronological/ lifespan challenges Trauma Family background Unique physical characteristics Location of residence/ language

What does the respect model stand for?

primary emotions

universal across cultures sad, mad, glad, scared

1. visual 2. vocal 3. verbal tracking 4. body language

what are the 3 V's and B?

limits of confidentiality

when one is going to harm oneself or others or in cases of abuse