Holmes CC - SPT Chapter 8
Brief Example
A specific case referred to in passing to illustrate a point.
Example
A specific case used to illustrate or represent a group of people, ideas, conditions, experiences, or the like.
Extended Example
A story, narrative, or anecdote developed at some length to illustrate a point.
Hypothetical Examples
An example that describes an imaginary or fictitious situation.
Stastitics
Numerical data
Testimony
Quotations or paraphrases used to support a point
Quoting Out of Context
Quoting a statement in such a way as to distort its meaning by removing the statement from the words and phrases surrounding it.
Peer Testimony
Testimony from ordinary people with firsthand experience or insight on a topic.
Expert Testimony
Testimony from people who are recognized experts in their fields.
Direct Quotation
Testimony that is presented word for word.
Mean
The average value of a group of numbers.
Supporting Materials
The materials used to support a speaker's ideas. The three major kinds of supporting materials are examples, statistics, and testimony
Median
The middle number in a group of numbers arranged from highest to lowest.
Mode
The number that occurs most frequently in a group of numbers.
Paraphrase
To restate or summarize a source's ideas in one's own words.
True
True or False: Acceptable testimony can include either statements from recognized experts or from ordinary people with special expertise on the topic.
False
True or False: As a speaker, you should usually avoid examples when explaining complex or unfamiliar ideas.
False
True or False: Because of their high credibility, you should use only factual examples in your speech.
False
True or False: It is seldom necessary to cite the source of statistics in a speech.
False
True or False: It is seldom necessary to name the people you quote or paraphrase in a speech.
True
True or False: One of the main reasons to use examples in a speech is that they put abstract ideas into concrete terms that listeners can easily understand.
False
True or False: Research has shown that the more statistics you use, the more effective your speech is likely to be.
True
True or False: The mean - popularly called the average - is determined by summing all the items in a group and dividing by the number of items.
True
True or False: The median is the middle number in a group of numbers arranged in order from highest to lowest.
True
True or False: The selection and use of supporting materials for a speech involves critical thinking skills.
Tips For Using Testimony
1) Quote or paraphrase accurately. 2) Use Testimony from qualified sources. 3) Use testimony from unbiased sources. 4) Identify the people you quote or paraphrase.
Tips For Using Examples
1. To Clarify Ideas 2. To Reinforce Ideas 3. To Personalize Ideas 4. To Make Vivid and Richly Textured 5. Practice Delivery to Enhance Extended Delivery
Tips For Using Statistics
1. To Quantify Ideas 2. Use Sparingly (only when needed) 3. Identify Sources of Statistics 4. Explain Statistics 5. Round Off Complicated Statistics 6. Use Visual Aids