Homework Module 8 Bio 100
When considering meiosis, when does DNA replication take place?
During interphase
What is the relationship between the codon and the anticodon?
The codon is a set of three nucleotides found in the mRNA sequence. The anticodon is the complementary triplet found as part of the tRNA molecule.
Which of the following statements is NOT correct about the stop codon?
The stop codon binds to a special tRNA, and this signals the end of the production of this protein.
Which of the following would provide an EXCEPTION to Mendel's law of independent assortment?
adjacent genes on the same chromosome
How do mutations affect an organism?
all of the above
What is the likelihood that a man with hemophilia mating with a woman who is homozygous for the normal form of the blood clotting factor gene will have a son with hemophilia?
0%
How many different kinds of gametes (with respect to a particular gene locus) are formed by an individual who is homozygous at that locus?
1
If a cell normally has 24 chromosomes, how many chromosomes would each of its four daughter cells have after meiosis?
12
In human gamete production there is an average of _____ crossover events per chromosome pair.
2-3
A certain species of animal has six pairs of chromosomes. How many DNA molecules are present in the nuclei of these animals during G2 phase?
24
Two parents are heterozygous for familial hypercholesterolemia, with blood cholesterol levels two to three times the normal level. What is the probability that their child will be unaffected by this disorder?
25%
By the end of meiosis II, a cell that had entered meiosis I with 32 chromosomes would have produced __________ daughter cells, which are genetically __________ and which each has __________ chromosomes.
4; nonidentical; 16
What is the probability that a woman who is a carrier for the red-green color-blindness allele and a man who is color blind will have a child who is NOT color blind?
50%
If an individual with type O blood marries an individual with type AB blood, what are the possible blood types of their children?
A & B
Which of the following would indicate a base pairing mutation in DNA?
A G paired with a T
Which of the following checkpoints does not occur late in G1?
A check that chromosome replication has been successfully completed
How can we best define the term chromatid?
A chromatid is an individual strand (DNA molecule) in a replicated chromosome.
Which of the following statements correctly expresses the relationship between dominant and recessive alleles?
A dominant allele masks the expression of a recessive allele in a heterozygote.
Which of the following statements is NOT true for a person who is heterozygous for sickle cell?
A person who is heterozygous for sickle cell tends to die at a younger age than a person with sickle-cell anemia does.
Drag the labels onto the grid to indicate the phases of mitosis and meiosis. Use only pink labels for pink targets.
A) Mitosis B) Prophase C)Metaphase D) Anaphase, Telophase and Cytokinesis E) Meiosis F) prophase l G) metaphase l H) Anaphase l, Telophase l and Cytokinesis I) Meiosis II
Events of mitosis
A: Mitotic B: Sister chromatids centered C: Chromosomes separated D: Nuclear envelopes formed E: Interphase F: Prophase G: Metaphase H: Anaphase I: Telophase and Cytokinesis
Drag the labels onto the diagram to identify the components of replicating DNA strands.
A: Parental DNA B: DNA Polymerase C: Leading Strand D: Lagging Strand E: DNA Ligase F: Replication Fork
Which of the following statements about meiosis and mitosis is MOST correct?
All are correct
Consider the hypothetical X-linked recessive gene M. Suppose a woman expresses this gene. So does her husband. What are the chances that a child of theirs will NOT express this gene?
All of the children will express the trait.
What is the basis for the tremendous genetic diversity resulting from sexual reproduction?
All of the choices
At which point in the cell cycle are cells the smallest?
At which point in the cell cycle are cells the smallest?
Which of these is responsible for catalyzing the formation of an RNA primer?
D
Why is the new DNA strand complementary to the 3' to 5' strands assembled in short segments?
DNA polymerase can assemble DNA only in the 5' to 3' direction
After DNA replication is completed, _____.
Each new DNA double helix consist of one old DNA strand and one new DNA strand
During which phase of meiosis do homologous chromosomes exchange segments?
Exchange of chromosome segments occurs during prophase I (meiosis I).
True or false. Mitosis takes place during M phase of the cell cycle, which is longer than interphase.
False
The nucleotides for assembling mRNA are found ________.
Free in the nucleus
During which stage(s) of the cell cycle do chromosomes consist of two sister chromatids?
G2 and prophase of mitosis
If the nitrogen base sequence on a strand of DNA is CGATACT, then the mRNA strand that is transcribed from this DNA strand is ________.
GCUAUGA
A female that is planning to become pregnant is concerned about her exposure to environmental mutagens which may have caused DNA mutations. In order for these mutations to become heritable, they must affect the:
Her egg cells
Which of the following is not a correct description of a stage of mitosis?
In prophase, the DNA replicates and the cell prepares for division.
Nucleoli are present during _____.
Interphase
What is the function of the promoter site in transcription?
It is the site where RNA polymerase binds to begin transcription.
When do homologous chromosomes pair up?
Meiosis I
When does reduction division take place?
Meiosis I
Homologous pairs of chromosomes are lined up independently of other such pairs during _____.
Metaphase I
Synapsis occurs during _____.
Prophase I
During _____ a spindle forms in a haploid cell.
Prophase II
You have designed a drug that irreversibly binds to the P-site of the ribosome. What is the outcome for a growing bacterial cell?
Protein translation would fail to initiate because of the inability of the initiator tRNA to bind within the ribosome.
What tool is used to determine the probabilities of different genetic outcomes from various crosses?
Punnett square analysis
The synthesis of a new strand begins with the synthesis of a(n) _____.
RNA primer complementary to a preexisting DNA strand
All of the following human traits are determined by the interaction of multiple genes and alleles, EXCEPT __________.
Sickle cell anemia
DNA replication occurs at an unbelievably fast rate. Once replication is complete, we can expect to find a _____ number of mistakes.
Small
If the nitrogenous base sequence in a molecule of DNA is AATGCTC on one side of a double helix, then the nitrogenous base sequence on the other side of the helix would be ________.
TTACGAG
An old DNA strand is used as a _____ for the assembly of a new DNA strand.
Template
All of the following statements about homologous chromosomes are true, EXCEPT that __________.
The alleles on homologous chromosomes are identical to each other.
What would be the outcome if a cell completed mitosis but did not undergo cytokinesis?
The cell would have two nuclei.
When considering DNA replication, which of the following statements is NOT true?
The components of the new nucleotides are assembled as the new strand of DNA is being generated.
Which is likely to be the shortest chain of nucleotides?
The mRNA
Which of the following events in transcription occurs last?
The mRNA is released from RNA polymerase.
What might be a likely outcome if a mutation occurred in a promoter region of a gene, such that it were no longer recognized by RNA polymerase?
The protein encoded by that gene would not be synthesized.
When the tRNA releases its amino acid, what happens?
The tRNA is released and exits the ribosome.
An unaffected man whose mother had sickle-cell anemia marries an unaffected woman whose father had sickle-cell anemia. Which of the following statements about their offspring is NOT true?
They must all have the sickle-cell trait.
True or false. In codominance, both phenotypes are expressed in heterozygotes; but in incomplete dominance, the heterozygotes exhibit a phenotype that is intermediate between the two homozygotes.
True
True or false. Of the two meiotic divisions, meiosis II is more similar to mitosis.
True
True or false. The semiconservative model of DNA replication states that each newly synthesized DNA molecule is composed of one parental strand of DNA and one newly synthesized complementary strand.
True
True or false. X-linked recessive disorders are more commonly expressed in males than in females because males have only one copy of the X chromosome.
True
What is tyrosinase?
Tyrosinase is an enzyme that facilitates the conversion of tyrosine to melanin.
What can we say about the frequency of X-linked recessive traits?
X-linked recessive traits are more common in males than in females.
The three principal structural components of a nucleotide are ________.
a phosphate group, a deoxyribose sugar, and a nitrogenous base
The cell cycle
a- G1 phase b - S phase C - interphase D - G2 phase E - M phase F - Mitosis G - cytokinesis
Meiosis concept map
a. Diploid organism b. Hapliod gamets c. Meiosis II d. Maternal chromosome e. Crossing over f. Sister chromatids separate
Centromeres divide and sister chromosomes become full-fledged chromosomes during _____.
anaphase
Homologous chromosomes migrate to opposite poles during _____.
anaphase I
During _____ sister chromatids separate.
anaphase II
During which phase of meiosis do sister chromatids separate?
anaphase II
Meiosis II typically produces _____ cells, each of which is _____.
four... haploid
Which of the following are listed in order from largest (most inclusive) to smallest?
genome, chromosome, gene, nucleotide
The first step in the replication of DNA is catalyzed by _____.
helicase
A female is diagnosed with hemophilia, a condition caused by an X-linked recessive gene. While checking her medical history, the doctor will most likely discover that ________.
her father had hemophilia but her mother did not have the disorder
Which of the following lists the stages of the cell cycle in correct order?
interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
Short segments of newly synthesized DNA are joined into a continuous strand by _____.
ligase
During _____ chromosomes align single file along the equator of a haploid cell.
metaphase II
Which of the following events or processes can result in Patau syndrome, Turner Syndrome, or Klinefelter syndrome?
nondisjunction
Crossing over, resulting in an increase in genetic variation, occurs between _____.
nonsister chromatids of homologous chromosomes
Transcription occurs in/at the __________ and produces __________ from a(n) __________ template.
nucleus; RNA; DNA
The purpose of meiosis is ________.
produce haploid gametes
Spindle fibers attach too kinetochores during _____.
prometaphase
Chromosomes become visible during _____.
prophase
The action of helicase creates _____.
replication forks and replication bubbles
The amino acids are attached by
ribosome
In the process of translation (and thus protein synthesis), the amino acid is carried in the cytoplasm by the
tRNA
Which of the following act(s) as a decoder, reading mRNA codons and bringing the correct amino acid to the ribosome?
tRNA
Cytokinesis often, but not always, accompanies _____.
telophase
At the end of _____ and cytokinesis, haploid cells contain chromosomes that each consist of two sister chromatids.
telophase I
At the end of _____ and cytokinesis there are four haploid cells.
telophase II
In discussing the purpose for making mRNA, the most accurate statement below is that ________.
the mRNA is produced to carry the message from the DNA to the translation stage
When speaking of bonding patterns in DNA molecules, we can say that ________.
the phosphate of one nucleotide is bonded to the sugar of the next nucleotide via covalent bonds, and the nitrogenous bases are held together by hydrogen bonds
Which of the following statements best describes transcription?
the production of RNA from a DNA template
What is the name of the DNA sequence to which RNA polymerase attaches to a gene and assists in transcription initiation?
the promoter
In a DNA double helix an adenine of one strand always pairs with a(n) _____ of the complementary strand, and a guanine of one strand always pairs with a(n) _____ of the complementary strand.
thymine ... cytosine
What is the role of the A-site in translation?
to accept the next tRNA and its accompanying amino acid to the ribosome
Meiosis I produces _____ cells, each of which is _____.
two ... haploid
During prophase a homologous pair of chromosomes consists of _____.
two chromosomes and four chromatids