HORT 106- Final Exam
Should you allow your herbs to produce flowers (not pinch off the flower buds)? select the statement that is most accurate. a. Yes, if the plants are outdoors you want to provide a source of pollen and nectar for beneficial insects. b. No, if you want to protect the quality of the leaves' flavor. c. Yes, if you want to have flowers to cut and dry or seed formation. d. All of the above are true depending on your goals for growing herbs
D. All of the above are true depending on your goals for growing herbs
Which of the following are not temperate tree fruits? a. Bananas b. Apples c. Peaches d. Cherries
A. Bananas
Which of the following are very hardy cool-season vegetables? a. Broccoli b. Snap beans c. Tomato d. Bell peppers e. All of these
A. Broccoli
Which of the following are not true about the bur oak (Quercus macrocarpa)? a. Bur oak is fast-growing tree. b. Bur oak is long lived (200+ years). c. Bur oak has a deeply ridged and furrowed rough bark. d. Bur oak is considered a tough and adaptable species.
A. Bur oak is a fast-growing tree.
Which of the following photosynthetic systems is most likely to be found in desert plants? a. CAM (Crassulacean Acid Metabolism) b. C3 c. C4 d. none of the above
A. CAM (Crassulacean Acid Metabolism)
The most commonly used asexual propagation method is? a. Cuttings b. Grafting c. Budding d. Layering
A. Cuttings
The three parts of the disease triangle are: a. Environment, Host, and Pathogen b. Environment, Temperature, and Pathogen c. Host, Pathogen, and Seed source d. Pathogen, Host, and Bourbon
A. Environment, Host, and Pathogen
The organisms that cause the most disease in your garden are likely to be: a. Fungi b. Bacteria c. Viruses d. Nematodes
A. Fungi
Proper lawn fertilization: a. Improves the lawn's density, color, uniformity, and recuperative ability b. Includes applying fertilizer weekly with 4 pounds of actual nitrogen per 1,000ft. c. Includes applying fertilizers with an analysis 35-35-35 d. All of the above
A. Improves the lawn's density, color, uniformity, and recuperative ability
Which of the following are not true about Powdery Mildew Disease? a. It affects only plants in the pumpkin family b. It is caused by a number of different fungal genera c. The fungus and spores can be seen with the naked eye d. The disease is not fatal e. Good air circulation around plants helps to control this disease
A. It affects only plants in the pumpkin family
Which of the following are true about fire blight? a. It is caused by a bacterium b. It can be eradicated by applying large amounts of water c. High levels of fertility lessen the likelihood of infection d. There are no resistant plants
A. It is caused by a bacterium
Which of the following is true about crop rotation? a. It is the practice of changing the location of crops in the garden from season to season. b. It is the practice of growing the same crop in several parts of the garden at the same time so that you increase your chances of success in producing the crop. c. It is the practice of planting several batches of the same crops with several weeks between plantings to provide a longer harvest period. d. None of the above are true.
A. It is the practice of changing the location of crops in the garden from season to season.
Which of these garden pests attacks turf roots in the larval stage and garden plant leaves when an adult? a. Japanese beetle b. emerald ash borer c. tomato hornworm d. spider mite
A. Japanese beetle
Why are leaf cuttings used? a. Leaf cuttings are a good choice for plants with very compact stems b. You can propagate broadleaf plants and needle evergreen using leaf cuttings c. Adventitious root formation is not necessary d. Only two nodes are used when making leaf cuttings
A. Leaf cuttings are a good choice for plants with very compact stems
Seeds: a. Often produce non-uniform offspring b. Are best stored in warm, moist conditions c. Are always easy to germinate d. Are always produced via cross-pollinatin
A. Often produce non-uniform offspring
Stratification and scarification are used to: a. Overcome seed dormancy b. Overcome totipotency c. Overcome cross pollination d. All of the above
A. Overcome seed dormancy
When inspecting and buying new woody plans, which of the following statements apply? a. Roots should be firm and white b. Roots on a container-grown plant should form a solid mass around the outside of the root ball. c. Roots are only a minor consideration since they are out-of-sight once planted. d. None of the above.
A. Roots should be firm and white
In the definition of sustainability presented in the first week, which of the following is included in the common threads found in most definitions of sustainability? a. Society, Economics and Environment b. Socialism, Economics and Environment c. Resources, Limits and Interconnections d. Environment, Multifunctional and Permaculture
A. Society, Economic and Environment
Which of the following is not true about the eastern white pine (Pinus strobus)? a. The eastern white pine maintains a uniform conical habit with old age. b. The eastern white pine is a narrow-leaved conifer. c. The eastern white pine grows best in well-drained to average soils. d. The eastern white pine is native to eastern parts of the US and Canada and some western parts of Canada.
A. The eastern white pine maintains a uniform conical habit with old age.
When mulching a newly transplanted tree: A. The mulch should be applied to a depth of 2-3 inches. B. The mulch should be deepest against the trunk and tapering towards the edges. C. The best mulch to use is something inorganic that won't rot, such as gravel. D. New trees should never be mulched for the first year.
A. The mulch should be applied to a depth of 2-3 inches
Which of the following are not true about Boxwoods, Buxus spp.? a. They are adapted to wet sites. b. They are grown mostly for their foliage effects. c. They tolerate shearing. d. They are a common feature of formal European gardens.
A. They are adapted to wet sites.
Annual bedding plants are pinched: a. To encourage branching and flower production b. To eliminate seed production c. To discourage wet-soil tolerance d. Because annual bedding plants enjoy being pinched
A. To encourage branching and flower production
Varieties and cultivars differ in that: a. Varieties are naturally occurring, while cultivars are man made and man maintained b. Varieties are man made and man maintained, while cultivars are naturally occurring c. Varieties only occur in woody plants and cultivars only occur in herbaceous plants d. There is no difference, both are man made and man maintained
A. Varieties are naturally occurring, while cultivars are man made and man maintained
Which group of insects has the greatest number of species in Illinois? a. beetles b. aphids and leafhoppers c. wasps, ants, and bees d. None of the above
A. beetles
The most sustainable way to cover the ground beneath a tree that is casting dense shade is: a. by utilizing shade-tolerant groundcovers and organic mulches b. by planting Kentucky bluegrass c. by covering the ground with concrete d. by leaving the soil bare
A. by utilizing shade-tolerant groundcovers and organic mulches
Nitrogen promotes: a. green, leafy growth b. root growth c. fruit growth d. all of the above
A. green, leafy growth
Underground stems: a. have buds and nodes b. never store food and/or water c. are found only in ferns and mosses d. include drupes, pomes, and berries
A. have buds and nodes
Plants take up mineral nutrients: a. in specific ionic forms regardless of source b. mostly via the foliage (leaves) c. primarily when dormant d. all of the above
A. in specific ionic forms regardless of source
Glyphosate (Roundup®): a. Is used to kill turf prior to creating a new planting bed or garden b. Is a selective pre-emergence fungicide c. Is only taken into plants via root uptake d. All of the above
A. is used to kill turf prior to creating a new planting bed or garden
A plant is said to have a coarse texture because: a. it has large leaves, dull leaf surfaces and coarse branching. b. it has rough sand-paper like leaf surfaces. c. it uses foul language. d. it is much taller than surrounding plants
A. it has large leaves, dull leaf surfaces and coarse branching
Photosynthesis is the primary function of: a. leaves b. tubers c. nodes d. petals
A. leaves
Yellow fall color is very common because: a. leaves contain lots of yellow pigment even before fall arrives, and those show through when the chlorophyll breaks down. b. Trees can easily take up yellow pigments from the soil. c. when pigments are manufactured in fall, it is easier for the plant to make yellows than oranges and reds. d. none of the above.
A. leaves contain lots of yellow pigment even before fall arrives, and those show through when the chlorophyll breaks down
Woody plants that are native to the Midwest avoid winter freezing damage by: a. moving water out of their cells b. increasing their rate of photosynthesis c. closing their stomata d. manufacturing a plant anti-freeze compound
A. moving water out of their cells
Immature insects: a. often cause more damage than the adult stage b. all have chewing mouthparts c. fly from plant to plant d. are able to reproduce
A. often cause more damage than the adult stage
The process whereby plants reposition their stems to move leaves closer to the light is called: a. phototropism b. photosynthesis c. respiration d. vernalization
A. phototropism
A physical pest control method includes: A. pulling weeds. B. spraying insects with insecticides. C. using predator insects. D. mulching planting beds.
A. pulling weeds
The process that occurs in plants to utilize stored energy is called: a. respiration b. photosynthesis c. dormancy d. discombobulation
A. respiration
Terminal buds are found at the tips of: a. roots and stems b. sepals and ovaries c. leaf axils and endosperm d. root hairs and compound leaves
A. roots and stems
Attention Restoration Theory proposes: a. spending time in a greenspace supports attention by helping it restore from attentional fatigue b. spending time in a greenspace supports attention by keeping our mind busy c. spending time in a greenspace supports attention by demanding our attention d. spending time in a greenspace supports vision by helping it restore from visual fatigue
A. spending time in a greenspace supports attention by helping it restore from attentional fatigue
When pruning most narrow-leaved evergreens (except pines): A. you can remove the tips of branches as long as there are some green leaves remaining. B. you cannot remove the tips of branches without killing the branch. C. you can prune them to the ground and they will regrow. D. narrow leaved evergreens should never be pruned.
A. you can remove the tips of branches as long as there are some green leaves remaining.
Why is Illinois no longer the largest producer of pears in the US? a. Labor costs became excessive b. A major disease problem called fire blight was introduced to Illinois from the east coast c. Illinois residents stopped eating pears d. Illinois lost its federal license to produce pears
B. A major disease problem called fire blight was introduced to Illinois from the east coast
When should tomato transplants be planted in the garden? a. As early as the soil can be worked b. After all danger of frost is past c. In the fall so you can get early production next year d. 4-5 weeks before the date of the average frost-free date
B. After all danger of frost is past
Which of the following fruit trees produce most of their fruit on spurs? a. Apples and Peaches b. Apples and Pears c. Peaches and Pears d. None of the above
B. Apples and Pears
Which of these plant species is most likely to thrive in front of a North facing window? a. Aloe b. Chinese evergreen c. Schefflera d. Succulents
B. Chinese evergreen
What is the best way to water houseplants? a. Keep the soil uniformly wet so that the plant never runs short of water. b. Do not water your plants until you can observe plant wilting. c. Apply a minimum of water each so that you don't waste water by having it run our of the bottom of the pot. d. Allow the surface of the soil to dry between water applications, and when you water, apply enough to have excess water running out of the bottom of the container, and discard that excess water.
D. Allow the surface of the soil to dry between water applications, and when you water, apply enough to have excess water running out of the bottom of the container, and discard that excess water.
The most commonly planted plants in containers are: a. Woody shrubs b. Trees c. Herbaceous perennials d. Annual bedding plants
D. Annual bedding plants
Island beds: a. Are usually best viewed from the north b. Are usually placed in front of a fence or wall c. Use edging plants that are very tall d. Are designed to be viewed from any direction
D. Are designed to be viewed from any direction
What is meant by training a fruit tree? a. The process whereby young trees learn good manners b. The pruning process that establishes the initial overall structure of the tree that includes the leader and main scaffold branches c. The process of getting a new tree ready to be transplanted d. The pruning process that maintains the overall structure of the tree as long as the tree lives
B. The pruning process that establishes the initial overall structure of the tree that includes the leader and main scaffold branches
Gymnosperms: a. produce seeds in mature ovaries b. are always evergreen c. are always deciduous d. are often called softwoods
D. Are often called softwoods
Grapes: a. Have no significant pest or disease problems b. Require heaving pruning each year c. Are very sensitive to the herbicide, 2, 4-D d. B and C are true e. All of the above are true
D. B and C are true
Which of the following are consumed in the greatest quantity in the US? a. Apples b. Peaches c. Pears d. Bananas e. Cherries
D. Bananas
Fertilizers are: a. Never applied to annual bedding plants b. Best applied to annual bedding plants at planting and periodically throughout the growing season c. Only applied to annual bedding plants in organic forms d. Applied heavily to partial shade gardens to take the place of sunlight
D. Best applied to annual bedding plants at planting and periodically throughout the growing season
Why would you not want a black walnut close to your vegetable garden? a. It can pull water and nutrients out of your garden b. It can release a chemical that inhibits the growth of other plants c. They smell so bad that it will be impossible to work in the garden. d. Both A and B
D. Both A and B
9. The scientific name of a plant species is comprised of the: a. family and genus b. Plant Kingdom and specific epithet c. family and cultivar d. genus and specific epithet
D. Genus and specific epthet
Bulbs should be planted a. In April in a partial shade location b. In September or October in a full shade location c. In July or August in a full sun location d. In September or October in a full sun location
D. In September or October in a full sun location
Proper lawn watering: a.Includes watering in late afternoon b. Includes watering in winter c. Includes watering daily with frequent, light applications d. Includes supplying 1 to 1.5 inches of water per week during the growing season to keep the lawn green
D. Includes supplying 1 to 1.5 inches of water per week during the growing season to keep the lawn green
What percentage of the water that is taken up by plants is used for photosynthesis? a. 75% b. 50% c. 25% d. Less than 5%
D. Less than 5%
Which of the following is true about the most commonly grown type of strawberries-the spring-or June-bearing varieties? a. They product their berries beginning in June and continue flowering and fruiting throughout the season b. They produce their berries over a 2-week period in June (Midwest) c. They produce much higher yields in a year than the everbearing or day neutral varieties d. They produce their heaviest crop in their first year
B. They produce their berries over a 2-week period in June (Midwest)
Which of the following are not true statements about floral preservatives? a. They provide sugars to the plants b. They provide protein to the plants c. They contain a bactericide d. They contain an acidifying agent e. They prolong the life of cut flowers
B. They provide protein to the plants
What is the function of a rain garden? a. To move rain water off of your property as fast as possible b. To capture excess rainfall c. To provide a source of drinking water for the home d. To keep unwanted animals out of your garden by creating a moat-like effect
B. To capture rainfall
What is the source of the main force that enables towering redwood trees to move water up to the top of the tree? a. Root pressure b. Transpiration from leaves c. Vernalization d. An internal water pumping system in the trunk
B. Transpiration from the leaves
When growing herbs indoors, which of the following is NOT correct? a. Grow herbs in a full sun window b. Water daily to keep the soil wet c. Avoid drafty areas and heat vents d. Reduce fertilization rates to less than when growing herbs outdoors
B. Water daily to keep the soil wet
Which plant species, when it is allowed to grow to it's full size, is most likely to make an indoor space feel more like an outdoor park, providing a "tree canopy" feeling? a. Aloe b. Weeping fig c. Pothos d. Air plant
B. Weeping fig
According to the National Geographic Video in Week 1 Topic 1, what happens to our bodies when we go "forest bathing"? a. Our body temperature decreases because "forest bathing" means "wading into a stream." b. When "forest bathing" our bodies absorb phytoncides, which promote our "natural killer cells" and thus support the human immune system. c. When "forest bathing," our bodies get stronger because it involves climbing trees. d. When "forest bathing," our bodies absorb vitamin A, thus supporting the human immune system.
B. When "forest bathing" our bodies absorb phytoncides, which promote our "natural killer cells" and thus support the human immune system
Which of the following are true about sweet corn? a. The silks are the male part of the plant. b. You can buy cultivars with normal sugary, sugary enhancer and supersweet genes. c. It should be planted along-side field corn to develop the best taste. d. Sweet corn is one of those vegetables where insect problems are rare.
B. You can buy cultivars with normal sugary, sugary enhancer, and supersweet genes.
Soil tests for nitrogen (N): a. are a basic part of every soil test b. are rarely done because N is mobile in soils c. are conducted only in the summer d. none of the above
B. are rarely done because N is mobile in soils
When locating a new vegetable garden, select a site that receives: a. less than 4 hours of direct sunlight each day b. at least 8-10 hours of direct sunlight each day c. as much shade as you can find d. no more than 6 hours of direct sunlight each day
B. at least 8-10 hours of direct sunlight each day
Pollination: a. begins with the imbibition of water b. can be carried out by wind, water, bats, and beetles c. occurs when pollen comes into contact with the stamen d. results in senescence
B. can be carried out by wind, water, bats, and beetles
Which of the following 2 species could be interplanted because one of the species' foliage would die back after blooming in Spring and the other would emerge and mature late Spring thus hiding the dying foliage? a. dalily and sedum b. catmint and daffodil c. hosta and daylily d. catmint and hosta
B. catmint and daffodil
The best conditions for the development of bright orange and red fall colors include: a. cold day-time temperatures and warm nights. b. cool sunny days and cold night temperatures. c. loudy warm days and cold nights. d. drought conditions along with warm days and nights.
B. cool sunny days and cold night temperatures
Which of the following species would not perform well in a landscape bed that received 'full shade' (no direct sunlight all day? a. hosta b. daylily c. lambs ear d. vinca
B. daylily
Sustainable Development is: a. development that meets your needs without worrying about the needs of others b. development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs c. development that gets the job done as quickly as possible d. development that meets the needs of others without considering your needs
B. development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs
Pesticide signal words: a. include "drift" and "reentry period" b. include "caution" and "warning" c. only occur on the most toxic pesticides d. all of the above
B. include "caution" and "warning"
Drift: a. should be encouraged so that more pests can be controlled than originally planned. b. is pesticide movement by vapor, wind, or water away from the targeted pest c. is only concern when applying biorational pesticides d. all of the above
B. is pesticide movement by vapor, wind, or water away from the targeted pest
Dormancy: a. is another term for dead plants b. refers to a plant resting stage c. occurs when plants are producing fruit d. is only found in ferns
B. refers to a plant resting stage
According to Douglas Tallamy, the diversity of plant species we grow on our home landscape has a direct impact on: a. only the visual aspects of the landscape b. the food available for wildlife and therefore the diversity of wildlife (including insects) in our neighborhood and the planet c. higher levels of rain runoff (clarification: higher levels of diversity "causes" more rain to runoff the surface of the home yard) d. a how 'jungle-like' the landscape can feel
B. the food available for wildlife and therefore the diversity of wildlife (including insects) in our neighborhoods and the planet
Cool-season lawn grasses a. perform well when soil temperatures are 80 to 95*F. b. usually flower in the spring or early summer c. usually flower in the later summer or early fall d. are always annuals
B. usually flower in the spring or early summer
Which of the following is not true? Fluoride damage on indoor plants can be managed by: a. Trimming off the fluoride damaged tips of leaves b. Using water without fluoride added c. Repotting the plant to remove soil with accumulated fluoride d. Letting the fluoride evaporate out of the water before watering the plant e. Pouring enough water on the soil that excess water comes out the bottom of the pot
D. Letting the fluoride evaporate out of the water before watering the plant
Most soil tests recommend amending new garden plantings and bed with: a. Sand b. Silt c. Clay d. None of the above
D. None of the above
What wavelengths of light are most efficient for photosynthesis? a. Green and yellow b. Red and blue c. Green and violet d. Orange and violet
D. Red and blue
Which of the following is not true about the Canadian hemlock (Tsuga Canadensis)? a. It is native to the eastern part of the US b. It has a dark green foliage color c. Requires full sun. d. It is susceptible to the hemlock adelgid insect.
D. Requires full sun.
Small seed: a. Should be planted to a depth of 5 to 6 times the diameter of the seed b. Have large amounts of endosperm c. Have large amounts of inert matter d. Should be planted to a depth of 2 to 3 times the diameter of the seed
D. Should be planted to a depth of 2 to 3 times the diameter of the seed
Which of the following is NOT a common pest of herbs indoors? according to the Missouri Botanical Garden article posted on Compass a. Whiteflies b. Fungas gnats c. Aphids d. Slugs e. Mealy bugs f. Spider mites
D. Slugs
What is the difference between sweet and sour cherries? a. Sweet cherries are more cold hardy b. Sweet and sour cherries are the same species c. Sour cherries have a higher sugar content d. Sour cherries are more cold hardy
D. Sour cherries are more cold hardy
In fruit trees, a 45 degree branch angle differs from a 90-degree branch a. The 45-degree angle is stronger b. Trees never produce branch angles as narrow as 45 degrees c. The 90-degree branch angle is weaker d. The 90-degree branch angle is stronger
D. The 90-degree branch angle is stronger
Budding: a. Is used to sexually propagate conifers b. Is often used to propagate violets and begonias c. Uses a single bud as the rootsock d. Uses a single bud as the scion
D. Uses a single bud as the scion
What is the best way to water your vegetable garden if rainfall is inadequate? a. Using a rotating garden sprinkler in the early evening b. Applying small amounts of water in the heat of the day every day to conserve water c. Never water your garden because it encourages diseases d. Using a soaker hose or drip irrigation under an organic mulch
D. Using a soaker hose or drip irrigation under an organic mulch
Can pesticides be used as a pest management tool in Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programs? a. No, pesticides cannot used in IPM programs because IPM programs are totally organic. b. Yes, but only to control insect pests c. Yes, pesticides should be the first tools used to manage pests in IPM programs. d. Yes, pesticides can be used as pest-management tools of last resort in IPM programs.
D. Yes, pesticides can be used as pest-management tools of last resort in IPM programs
A good backyard design should aim to overcome the typical problems of: a. feeling on display for the neighbors when spending time in the back yard too much sun or wind exposure b. poorly defined edges c. inadequate space to engage in desired activities, e.g., the patio surface is too small to support both dining and cooking d. all of the above
D. all of the above
Based on the National Geographic Video "This is Your Brain on Nature," and the Part 1 and the Part 3 lectures on Humans & Nature, how might today's urban living be detrimental to our health and well-being? a. by draining our capacity for attention, making us attentionally fatigued b. by separating us from nature (spending more indoors) c. because we are not 'hard wired' for urban environments due to our evolutionary history d. all of the above
D. all of the above
Based on the research, what mental health benefits do children receive when they have a green courtyard near their home? a. children play more creatively b. girls demonstrate higher levels of concentration c. girls demonstrate higher levels of impulse control d. all of the above
D. all of the above
Dead plant debris in planting beds a. can be removed in the Fall b. can be left in place over Winter and removed in the Spring c. can provide habitat for wildlife during the winter d. all of the above
D. all of the above
Proper soil preparation prior to lawn establishment includes: a. controlling existing vegetation b. conducting a soil test c. establishing surface drainage d. all of the above
D. all of the above
Soil drainage and aeration: a. is related to soil particle size b. can interfere with root cell respiration c. is a common problem of heavy Illinois soils d. all of the above
D. all of the above
The benefits of lawns include: a. Improving landscape aesthetics b. Purifying water c. Providing a surface for stress reduction, recreation, and exercise d. all of the above
D. all of the above
The proper step(s) in safe pesticide use include: a. selecting a pesticide that is the most environmentally friendly, the most specific control for the pest, and is the least persistent in the environment b. read and understand the directions on the pesticide label before purchasing the pesticide c. read the pesticide label and follow the handling directions when using a pesticide d. all of the above
D. all of the above
How many annual bedding plants will be required when planting a 60 square feet on 4-inch spacing? a. 60 plants b. 240 plants c. 540 plants d. None of the above
C. 540 plants
Which of the following are true about evergreen leaves? a. All evergreens with narrow leaves drop their foliage after 2 years. b. Narrow-leaved evergreens have leaves that remain on the plant for the entire life of the tree. c. A picturesque habit is irregular, but yet is pleasing to the eye; often with bold, coarse branching. d. Most evergreens perform best in alkaline soils.
C. A picturesque habit is irregular, but yet is pleasing to the eye; often with bold, coarse branching
Which of the following statements is not true? a. Gladiolus are grown from a bulb b. It is difficult to get a poinsettia to re-bloom in a home setting c. Alstroemeria are native to the United States d. Balance in floral design can be symmetrical or asymmetrical e. Coneflowers are native to the United States
C. Alstroemeria are native to the United States
Which of the following are perennial vegetables? a. Carrots b. Cabbage c. Asparagus d. Snap beans
C. Asparagus
Which of the following herbs is NOT perennial in Central IL? a. Oregano b. Sage c. Basil d. Chives
C. Basil
Environmental stress such as drought can: a. Increase fruit production b. Make it difficult for roots to grow c. Both A and B d. Neither A nor B
C. Both A and B
Xylem and phloem tissue are involved in: a. movement of water and dissolved minerals from roots upward b. movement of sugars from leaves throughout the plant c. Both A and B d. Neither A nor B
C. Both A and B
Which of the following are proposed in the research literature to be mechanisms through which nature exposure fosters higher levels of physical or mental functioning. a. Exposure to greenspaces and gardens fosters recovery from attentional fatigue b. Exposure to greenspaces and gardens encourages more physical activity c. Greenspaces and gardens provide 'loose parts' for creative play d. all of the above
D. all of the above
Turfgrass cultivars or varieties: a. should never be planted because they are so expensive. b. are usually inferior to common types of grasses. c. are recommended because they are they are usually much cheaper than common types. d. are recommended because they are usually superior to common types.
D. are recommended because they are usually superior to common types.
Flowers that smell like rotting meat or dung are often pollinated by: a. hummingbirds b. bats c. the wind d. flies
D. flies
Most seeds are best stored: a. for only six months b. in warm, moist conditions c. buried in sand d. in cool and dry conditions
D. in cool and dry conditions
Vegetative plant parts: a. only occur for the first six months after germination b. produce both seeds and pistils c. are only found in annuals d. include roots, stems, and leaves
D. include roots, stems, and leaves
A cultural pest control method includes: a. pulling weeds b. spraying insects with insecticides c. using predator insects d. mulching planting beds
D. mulching planting beds
The arrival and entry experience for visitors can feel more welcoming if: A. the entry walk is 4-5' wide B. there are plantings on both sides of the entry walk C. there are large plants hiding the front door from view creating a mysterious feeling D. only A and B
D. only A and B
Which of these garden pests is NOT an insect? a. Japanese beetle b. emerald ash borer c. tomato worm d. spider mite
D. spider mite
An instar is: a. only found in insect relatives b. is part of an insect egg c. is the lower jaw of chewing mouthparts d. the stage between molts
D. the stage between molts
Which of the following is not true about pest control for interior plants? a. Some brands of dish soap diluted with water can be effective in removing pests b. Inspect for pests by checking the underside of leaves, leaf axils c. Chemical pesticides are always needed to control a pest completely d. Infected plants should be isolated from other plants until the pest is controlled
C. Chemical pesticides are always needed to control a pest completely
As a landscape design principle, mass collection refers to: a. A collection of heavy objects, such as rocks, piled in the landscape b. Clustering a variety of different elements together in a mass c. Clustering same elements together to achieve order in a landscape design d. Clustering same elements together to achieve unity in a landscape design
C. Clustering same elements together to achieve order in a landscape design
With respect to the design principles presented in this lesson, a symmetrical planting design: a. Is visually confusing b. Creates a sense of unity in the landscape c. Creates a sense of order in the landscape d. Does not fulfill a design principle
C. Creates a sense of order in the landscape
Blueberries need: a. Neutral pH soils b. Moderate shade c. Good soil drainage d. Aluminum sulfate for best growth
C. Good soil drainage
Which of the following are true about bell peppers? a. They are a cool-season crop b. They are intermediate on the scoville heat unit scale c. Green bell peppers will turn red if you keep them on the plant long enough d. Alternating cycles of dry and wet are best for pepper production e. Ornamental peppers are highly toxic
C. Green bell peppers will turn red if you keep them on the plant long enough
Which of the following is best used by crushing the stem and boiling rather than using the chopped foliage in dish? a. Sage b. Mint c. Lemon grass d. Rosemary
C. Lemon grass
If you are adding large quantities of organic matter to improve your garden soil, why is fertilizer also added? a. The fertilizer will help protect the organic matter from breaking down. b. The fertilizer will encourage animals to dig in the soil, providing increased aeration. c. Microorganisms that will begin breaking down the organic matter will use up lots of nitrogen for themselves, not leaving enough nitrogen for plants. d. Fertilizer is like a magical fix for gardens, the more the better.
C. Microorganisms that will begin breaking down the organic matter will use up lots of nitrogen for themselves, not leaving enough nitrogen for plants.
What term best completes this definition about landscape planning? _______________________ includes integrated plantings of vegetable crops, small fruits, tree fruits, annual and perennial flowers, turf areas, landscape plants, and natural areas. a. Rain gardening b. Fairy gardening c. Multi-functional landscaping d. Xeriscaping
C. Multi-functional landscaping
Where are most of the stomata on a plant located? a. On the roots b. On the top of the leaf surface c. On the bottom of the leaf surface d. On the lateral branches
C. On the bottom of the leaf surface
How long should the staking remain on a small (less than 2" or 5 cm diameter) newly transplanted tree? A. One week B. One month C. One year D. Three years
C. One year
Which of the following grasses would NOT be the best choice to create a visual screen (5' or taller) in the landscape? a. Karl Foerster Feather Reed Grass b. Northwind switch grass c. Prairie dropseed d. Big blue stem
C. Prarie dropseed
Cloches: a. Are used kill unwanted landscape shrubs b. Are artificially heated c. Protect young plants and seedling in spring from cold weather d. Must remain in place throughout the entire growing season to be effective
C. Protect young plants and seedling in the spring from cold weather
Proper lawn disease control: a. Off-label use of pesticides b. Includes frequent applications of fungicides c. Reliance on proper culture and disease-resistant turf cultivars d. None of the above
C. Reliance on proper culture and diseases-resistant turf cultivars
Blueberries: a. Are fast-growing plants b. Bear their largest crops beginning in their second year c. Ripen their fruit over 6-8 weeks d. Never need pruning
C. Ripen their fruit over 6-8 weeks
Which of the following plants produces a foul-smelling fruit-like spherical fruit-like structure? a. The Canadian hemlock (Tsuga Canadensis) b. The American holly (Ilex opaca) c. The ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba) d. Kentucky coffeetree (Gymnocladus dioicus)
C. The ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba)
The Koreanspice viburnum, Viburnum carlesii, offers what ornamental features? A. Very fragrant white flowers in ball-like clusters B. Red to reddish purple fall color C. Showy magenta-pink fruit display D. A maximum height of 3 feet E. and B. F. All of the above
E. A and B
Which of the following are true about peas? a. They are planted early in the season b. Garden peas are best eaten pod and all c. They will tolerate frost d. Snow peas have edible pods e. All except B
E. All except B
Based on what you read in Chawla & Litt, 2015, which of the following forms of 'nature' or greenspace provide humans with mental and physical health benefits? a. a wilderness experience b. a vacant lot converted to a greenspace of shade trees and a small amount of other plants c. street plantings of trees d. a view of a greenspace e. all of the above
E. All of the above
How are viruses spread form plant to plant? a. Aphids b. Sucking insects c. Thrips d. Handling and propagation of seeds and cuttings e. All of the above
E. All of the above
Some of the physical health benefits of contact with nature through gardening or time in greenspaces include: a. lower obesity rates in children b. lower mortality rates in adults c. lower stress levels in children and adults d. lower asthma rates e. All of the above
E. All of the above
Which of the following are true about organic matter? a. It improves soil aeration in heavy clay soils. b. It improves water infiltration in heavy clay soils. c. It improves the water-holding capacity in sandy soils d. It makes topsoil darker in color than subsoils. e. All of the above.
E. All of the above
Which of the following herbs are particularly supportive of pollinators and other beneficial insects? a. Oregano b. Sage c. Lavender d. Chives e. All of the above
E. All of the above
Which of the following are true about pumpkins? a. Pumpkins are a type of squash. b. Pumpkins are warm-season vegetables c. Processing pumpkins are thick-walled and not bright orange in color d. Pumpkins are harvested when they have turned a deep solid color. e. All of the above are true.
E. All of the above are true.
In which of the following ways can pruning improve plant health? A. To remove some of the fruiting wood or flowers on a peach tree B. To help prevent canker development C. To reduce problems with fire blight D. To lessen problems with borers E. All of the above.
E. All of the above.
Which of the following are true about Meserve hollies, Ilex x meserveae? a. They are evergreen. b. They can be winter damaged in exposed Midwestern sites. c. They bear bright orange-red fruits only on female plants. d. They have glossy dark green foliage. e. All of the above.
E. All of the above.
Floricanes are: a. The first-year canes in raspberries b. The second-year canes in raspberries c. Die after producing fruit d. Are removed after the end of the season e. B, C, and D are true
E. B, C, and D are true
Which of the following is true for harvesting cut flowers from your garden? a. After cutting a flower stem immediately place in a bucket of cool water b. Just-cut flowers need to be conditioned for 8 hours before using in a floral arrangement c. Mid-day is the best time for harvesting d. For all flower types it is best to cut the flowers when they are fully open e. Both A and B f. All but C
E. Both A and B
The typical planting design for front yards only includes shrubs, flowers and other attractive plants planted against the house foundation. This is a problem because: A. It is difficult to maintain them there B. It is difficult to enjoy them from inside the home C. They are only visible to those who are viewing the home from the street D. All of the above
E. Both B and C
Which of the following are true about twining vines? A. They use tendrils or petioles to wrap around a trellis or support. B. They affix themselves to a rough surface with holdfasts. C. They wrap their stems around a trellis or other support. D. They require a trellis or some support to climb. E. Both C and D.
E. Both C and D
Which of the following are not true about Dutch Elm Disease? a. It caused major damage to the landscape on the U of I campus b. It can be spread by bark beetles c. It can be spread through root grafts on closely-spaced trees d. The disease can be diagnosed from the presence of insect galleries (tunnels) below the bark e. It is caused by a bacterium
E. It is caused by a bacterium
Herbaceous perennials: a. can provide year-round interest in that landscape b. can provide food and shelter for insects that contribute to the productivity c. Don't require any maintenance because they don't have to be replanted every Spring d. All of the above e. Only A and B
E. Only A and B
Interiorscaping is done for the purpose of: a. Making an indoor space more attractive and comfortable b. Adding humidity to the indoor air c. Supporting mental health d. All of the above e. Only A and C
E. Only A and C
When planting perennials you should a. space them so that the plant edges almost touch each other b. space them so that the plant edges will not touch until they grow to mature size c. consider the foliage color and texture when planting multiple species together d. include some species that provide food for pollinators e. only B, C, and D
E. Only B, C, and D
A plant needs to be repotted: a. When the roots are growing out of the bottom of the pot b. At the start of summer, a new growing season c. When the roots are encircling the soil mass d. All of the above e. Only a and c f. Only a and b
E. Only a and c
Which of the following are not advantages in using raised beds for vegetable gardening? A. They improve the soil drainage in places where soil drainage is poor. B. On an equal area basis, they improve vegetable yield. C. They improve light penetration. D. They warm up faster in spring. E. They will eliminate the need for fertilizer
E. They will eliminate the need for fertilizer
A branch collar: A. can speed up the healing process after branch removal. B. is the swollen area at the base of each branch. C. provides structural strength to the branch. D. should be left intact during branch removal. E. all of the above.
E. all of the above
An 'outdoor room': A. creates a feeling of enclosure and thus is comfortable B. has a well defined ground plane C. has a well defined vertical plane D. has a well defined overhead plane E. all of the above F. only A and C
E. all of the above
Some of the ways that flowers on plants can contribute to the value of a landscape include: a. flowers can be very showy b. flowers can be fragrant c. flowers can attract wildlife d. flowers can open at unusual times of the year. e. all of the above
E. all of the above
The effects of plants on the psychology of humans include: a. plants can increase our sense of well-being b. plants can make us less violent c. plants can make us more productive at work d. plants can improve the medical recovery of hospital patients e. all of the above
E. all of the above
The multi-season of interest characteristics of the apple serviceberry, Amelanchier x grandiflora, include: a. "clean" (free from insect and disease problems) foliage. b. showy white flowers. c. edible bluish purple fruits. d. excellent yellow, orange or red fall color. e. all of the above. f. none of the above.
E. all of the above
Which of the following are true about selecting native plants for the landscape: a. native plants are always the best choice for any given situation. b. native plants are immune to introduced insects and diseases. c. if a plant was once native to a specific site or location, that native species would always be the best choice for that location or site. d. all of the above are true. e. none of the above are true.
E. none of the above
The Allegheny spurge, Pachysandra procumbens: A. is native to Europe and Asia. B. is used as a groundcover. C. usually dies back to the ground each winter. D. is best used in shade. E. All of the above are true. F. Only B., C., and D. are true.
F. Only B, C, and D are true
Which of the following statements is true of the herbs presented in the week's lecture? a. Herbs are only propagated from seeds b. Herbs are only propagated from cuttings c. Some herbs are best propagated from cuttings d. Herbs can be propagated from both seeds and cuttings e. All of the above f. Only C and C
F. Only C and D
Which herbs are commonly used to make a pizza or spaghetti sauce? a. lavender b. oregano c. basil d. mint e. all of the above f. only B and C
F. only B and C
When choosing lumber for constructing raised beds for gardening, which of the following are true? a. Today's treated lumber contains chromated copper arsenate b. Used railroad ties are the best source of lumber c. The ideal and most sustainable lumber would be to utilize recycled naturally rot-resistant wood d. Choosing plastic or metal for the sides of the raised beds is preferable because all wood is harmful to vegetable plants
C. The ideal and most sustainable lumber would be to utilized recycled naturally rot-resistant wood
When planting a new tree, which of the following are recommended? A. Dig a hole that is 2-3 times deeper than the root system of the plant. B. Wire baskets should be removed prior to placing a plant into the planting hole. C. The root flair should just be visible above the level of the soil. D. The twine or rope that circles the trunk at the top of a balled and burlapped tree should remain intact.
C. The root flair should just be visible above the level of the soil
Which of the following is true about pollination of apples? a. They are all sterile because they are triploid b. They are all self-fertile c. They are all self-sterile d. None of the above is true.
C. They are all self-sterile
Which of the following are true about blackberries? a. They always have thorny stems b. When they are picked the core stays on the plant c. They are cultivars that can be grown in central Illinois d. They are usually started from seed in the garden
C. They are cultivars that can be grown in central Illinois
Which of the following is not considered to be a sustainable gardening practice? a. Use of a hand rake to clean up garden debris b. Use of mulches to prevent soil erosion c. Use of herbicides to control weeds d. Use of composting for nutrient recycling
C. Use of herbicides to control weeds
Half-hardy annual bedding plants will: a. Tolerate frost b. Require full sun c. Will not tolerate frost d. Require partial shade
C. Will not tolerate frost
A sucker is: A. a new shoot arising from one of the above-ground branches of a tree. B. a type of pruning tool with a suction cup on the end. C. a new shoot arising from the base of the trunk or root system. D. the same as a watersprout.
C. a new shoot arising from the base of the trunk or root system
Sand: a. has high CEC (cation exchange capacity) b. drains poorly c. has large, but a small number of pore spaces d. all of the above
C. has large, but a small number of pore spaces
Capillary water: a. is not available to plants b. can completely drain out of clay soils c. is held in soils by adhesion and cohesion forces d. all of the above
C. is held in soils by adhesions and cohesion forces
A pesticide with an LD50 of 20: a. will kill 1000 (20 x 50) different weeds b. is less toxic than a pesticide with an LD50 of 200 c. is more toxic than a pesticide with an LD50 of 200 d. should only be used on plant diseases
C. is more toxic than pesticide with LD50 of 200
The correct way to shear a hedge is to: A. make the top wider than the bottom B. make the top the same width as the bottom C. make the top narrower than the bottom D. it does not matter, all of the above are correct
C. make the top narrower than the bottom
Plants that grow for many years, flower once, and die are called: a. monocots b. biennials c. monocarps d. mosses
C. monocarps
Which of these grass species are recommended for planting in Illinois lawns? a. quackgrass b. zoysiagrass c. tall fescue c. green foxtail
C. tall fescue
When performing directional pruning on the branch of a tree that has opposite leaves: A. the best place to make the cut is centered between the two nodes. B. the best place to make the cut is just beyond a pair of buds, leaving both buds intact. C. the best place to make the cut is to cut close to the buds, removing one of the opposite buds. D. the best place to make the cut is just below the pair of buds.
C. the best place to make the cut is to cut close to the buds, removing one of the opposite buds.
A plant habit, which is normally a part of the description of a woody plant, is referring to: a. the place where a plant is native b. the shape of its leaves c. the shape of the crown or above-ground part of the plant d. it is much taller than surrounding plants
C. the shape of the crown or above-ground part of the plant
When sun-loving plants are grown in the shade: a. they are often shorter and the leaves smaller b. they are often shorter and the leaves larger c. they are often taller and the leaves larger d. None of the above
C. they are often taller and the leaves larger
Parasitic wasps often attack this garden pest: a. Japanese beetle b. emerald ash borer c. tomato hornworm d. spider mite
C. tomato hornworm
A biological pest control method includes: a. pulling weeds b. spraying insects with insecticides c. using predator insects d. mulching planting beds
C. using predator insects
The thorax region of the insect body is responsible for: a. breathing, tasting, smelling, feeling, thinking, and eating b. seeing, tasting, smelling, feeling, thinking and eating c. walking, running, jumping, swimming, and flying d. None of the above
C. walking, tasting, smelling, feeling, thinking, and eating
Newly transplanted trees should have their trunks wrapped: A. all year around for the first 5 years. B. if they are smooth-barked. C. every winter until the bark roughens D. A and B. E. B and C.
D. A and B
Which of the following describes the process of hardening-off plants? a. Used when growing transplants at home to get plants adapted to outdoors. b. It involves placing the plants in your refrigerator for two weeks to toughen them up. c. It involves reducing fertilizer, watering and temperature. d. A and C
D. A and C
Raspberries: a. Are available in yellow, orange, red, and black cultivars b. Must be replanted every year in the garden c. Are available as virus-free plants d. A and C are true e. All of the above
D. A and C are true
Coleus: a. Is usually grown because of showy, variably colored foliage b. Tolerates shade c. Can grow in containers and in the foreground and Midborer of beds d. All of the above
D. All of the above
Growing media used in containers should: a. Provide water and mineral nutrients to plants b. Free of weed seeds, diseases, and insects c. Be well drained and aerated d. All of the above
D. All of the above
Properly hardening-off transplants a. Usually involved reducing soil moisture, nutrients, and temperature b. Can reduce transplant shock c. Is a cultural practice preceding transplanting d. All of the above
D. All of the above
Seed germination: a. begins with the imbibition of water b. requires the proper light/dark conditions, the proper temperature, and oxygen c. requires viable seeds d. all of the above
D. All of the above
Soil nitrogen level is usually not included in standard toil tests because of: a. High nitrogen use rate b. Nitrogen mobility on the soil c. The level of soil nitrogen fluctuates d. All of the above *********************
D. All of the above
Sunlight is: A. a part of the electromagnetic spectrum. B. necessary for photosynthesis. C. composed of a series of wavelengths. D. All of the above
D. All of the above
When mowing lawn grasses: a. Use the 1/3 rule so that turf root growth is not interrupted b. Raise the mowing height to increase root production when the grass is stressed c. Mow tall fescue 2-3.5 inches d. All of the above
D. All of the above
Which of the following are considered sustainable watering practices? a. Use soaker hoses covered with an organic mulch b. Use of rain barrels to capture rain water from building roofs c. Use of rain gardens to capture excess rainfall d. All of the above
D. All of the above
Which of the following help make your gardening sustainable? a. Using plants to repel undesirable insects b. Use of composted animal manure for fertilizer c. Using recycled materials in your garden d. All of the above
D. All of the above
Which of the following statements about evergreen trees is/are true? a. The culture of narrow-leaved evergreen trees is generally easier than that of broad-leaved evergreen trees in the Midwest. b. Winter injury to evergreen trees in the Midwest is essentially the result of an acute shortage of water or a freezing and rupture of the cells in the leaf. c. Narrow-leaved evergreen trees expose a smaller portion of their leaf surface area perpendicular to the sun than broad-leaved evergreens. d. All of the above.
D. All of the above
Why are transplants commonly used to establish annual bedding plants beds? a. Germination problems are not an issue b. Flowers are often evident c. The number of plant required to fill a bed is known d. All of the above
D. All of the above
Which of the following are true about earth's atmospheric CO2 levels? a. They have been rapidly increasing over the past 200 years. b. They are currently around 406 ppm (parts per million) c. Historical CO2 levels can be determines by examining glacier ice-core data d. All of the above are true
D. All of the above are true
What term best completes this sentence: _______________ is a term to describe living and growing plants and animals by use of patterns and features observed in natural ecosystems. It is a philosophy of working with natural forces, such as wind, sun and water, to provide food, shelter, water and other needs with minimum labor and without depleting the land. a. Crop sharing b. Xeriscaping c. Organic gardening d. Permaculture
Permaculture
Regeneration/ Rejuvenation pruning
The cutting back of all stems of a shrub to a few inches above the ground
Topping
The drastic removal or cutting back of large branches in mature trees, leaving large stubs
Renewal pruning
The removal of the oldest and largest stems of a shrub to the ground
Pruning
The removal or reduction of plant parts that are not required, no longer effective or injurious to the plant
Greenhouses can be glazed with: a. Glass b. Plastic c. Fiberglass d. All of the above
d. All of the above
Organic matter such as peat is often used in: a. sandy soils b. clay soils c. container soils d. all of the above
d. all of the above
Which of the following are referred to as a succulent? a. Amaryllis b. Thanksgiving cactus c. Kalanchoe d. Chrysanthemum e. Only B and D f. Only B and C
F. Only B and C
Members of the Plant Kingdom commonly reproduce via spores or seeds. Which of these reproduce via spores? a. Ferns and monocots b. Ferns and mosses c. Angiosperms and Gymnosperms d. Gymnosperms and mosses
B. Ferns and mosses
Which of the following is not true about the giant sequoia (Sequiadendron giganteum)? a. Giant sequoia can live about 4000 years of age. b. Giant sequoia is native only to China. c. Giant sequoia has rot-resistant wood. d. Giant sequoia is an evergreen.
B. Giant sequoia is native only to China
If you want to add a linear flower form to your floral arrangement, which of the following species should you chose? a. Rose b. Gladiolus c. Poinsettia d. Coreopsis e. all of the above
B. Gladiolus
Coldframes and hotbeds differ in that: a. Coldframes are glazed and hotbeds are not b. Hotbeds are artificially heated and coldframes are not c. Coldframes are only used in the winter and hotbeds are only used in summer d. There are no differences between coldframes and hotbeds
B. Hotbeds are artificially heated and coldframes are not
Which of the following are true about the smooth hydrangea, Hydrangea arborescens? a. It is native to Europe. b. It has showy white flowers for a long period. c. It has good orange fall color. d. It is a large shrub, growing 8-9 feet tall. e. All of the above.
B. It has showy white flowers for a long period
Most temperate zone fruit trees perform best if they are in: a. Dry and shallow soils b. Moist and well-drained soils c. Wet and heavy soils d. Sandy and dry soils
B. Moist and well-drained soils
Indoor foliage plants are: a. Very effective at removing VOCs in the home b. Only somewhat effective at removing VOCs in the home, depending on the amount of air flow through the potting mix c. Only effective at removing VOCs from indoor air when in a laboratory setting d. Not effective at removing VOCs from indoor air
B. Only somewhat effect at removing VOCs in the home, depending on the amount of airflow through the potting mix
Partial shade gardens: a. Receive 4-6 hours of direct sunlight daily b. Receive dappled sunlight a couple of hours daily c. Are commonly planted with petunias and ornamental peppers d. Are never mulched
B. Received dappled sunlight a couple of hours daily
From largest to smallest particle sizes: a. silt > sand > clay b. sand > silt > clay c. clay = silt > sand d. silt = sand > clay
B. Sand > silt > clay
Rhizomatous lawn grasses such as Kentucky bluegrass: a. Spread by aboveground horizontal stems b. Spread by below ground horizontal stems c. Don't spread ad they grow d. None of the above
B. Spread below ground horizontal stems
Semi-hardwood cuttings are: a. Taken in winter b. Taken when the new growth has begun to form wood c. Taken in early spring d. Taken when the new growth is still flexible
B. Taken when the new growth has begun to form wood
When cutting flowers for a vase arrangement, what length should you cut the stems? a. The height of the stems above the vase should be 1 and 1/2 times the height of the vase b. The height of the stems above the vase should be equal to the height of the vase c. The stems should not be longer than the height of the vase d. There are no design principles regarding stem length for vase arrangements
B. The height of the stems above the vase should be equal to the height of the vase
Which of the following are not true for Pine Wilt Disease? a. It is caused by a nematode b. The nematodes spread from tree to tree via wind c. There are no control measures once a plant is infected d. Native pines are resistant to this disease
B. The nematodes spread from tree to tree via wind
After you water an indoor foliage plant, and there is water in the saucer you should: a. Leave it there for the plant to soak up so it is fully saturated b. Leave it there to increase the humidity around the plant c. Pour it out because it is full of salts that have leached out of the soil d. Leave it there to provide a water supply for insects
C
Which of the following are true statements? a. Flower stems need to be cut underwater to prevent an air bubble from entering the stem and blocking water uptake b. Leaves should be removed from flower stems if the leaves will be submerged in the vase c. Floral preservatives can be made using ingredients found at home d. The water in floral arrangements should be periodically replaced with a fresh solution of water and floral preservative e. Only A and D f. All of the above
F. All of the above
Topiary
The art or practice of shearing or pruning plants into ornamental shapes
