HORT 150: Final True/False

Which of the following statements about coca is NOT true: A. Coca is a synthetic drug. B. When chewed, coca leaves produce a pleasurable numbness in the mouth. C. Coca tea is a mild stimulant, similar to coffee or black tea. D. Native tribes of the Andes have chewed the coca leaf for centuries.

A

Which of the following statements about salicylic acid is NOT true? A. When administered to patients in the late 1800s, pure salicylic acid was shown to have no major side effects. B. In the 1800s, scientists discovered that salicilin was responsible for pain relief and extracted salicylic acid from willow. C. An English priest conducted some of the earliest clinical trials in the 1760s when he administered willow bark extract to patients. D. Although buffered salicylic acid was first discovered in 1853, it was rediscovered and marketed almost 50 years later by Bayer.

A

Which tea should not be taken with antidiuretic drugs or aspirin? A. Hibiscus B. Chamomile C. Sage D. Ginger

A

Rosemary has both __ and __ properties.

Antibacterial and antifungal

The component of chili peppers that is associated with treatment of arthritis and use as a pain reliever is: A. aspirin B. capsaicin C. alcohol D. aloe

B

Which tea is high in antioxidants and Vitamin C? A. Rooibos B. Rose Hip C. Peppermint D. Sage

B

NSAIDs are medications with the following effects : A. Analgesic, Aspherical, Antipyretic B. Antipyretic, Anti-inflammatory, Antibiotic C. Antibiotic, Antisocial, Antipyretic D. Analgesic, Antipyretic, Anti-inflammatory

D

These teas are known for their ability to reduce nausea. A. Sage & Orange Pekoe B. Chamomile & Peppermint C. Rooibos & Ginger D. Ginger & Peppermint

D

Scotch tape is used to hold the bud in place after the grafting is complete.

FALSE (different kind of tape is used)

In this video frozen vegetables (green beans) were more expensive than fresh beans.

FALSE (frozen vegetables were cheaper)

Bark from trees is used as biofuel

TRUE

More than half of Pennsylvania is forested.

TRUE

The majority of Pennsylvania forests are privately owned.

TRUE

The price of chips and soda, e.g. "empty calories" is less than the price of food that is healthier( potatoes and milk) .

TRUE

Which of the following statements about acetylsalicylic acid (Aspirin) is NOT true: A. It can cause gastrointestinal bleeding. B. It inhibits the production of chemicals (prostaglandins) that sensitize nerve endings to pain. C. It is a synthetic derivative of the salicylic acid found in willow and many other plant species. D. It is the safest way to treat fever in children.

D

Which is the top factor in the choosing of which foods you eat? A. Convenience B. Nutritional value C. Cost D. Taste

D.

Which of the following is NOT true about spices? A. Grinding increases the surface area of a spice, as well as oxidation and evaporation rates. B. Flavor is derived from compounds that oxidize and evaporate when exposed to air. C. Flavor is maximized by storing a spice and grinding only when needed D. The shelf life of a whole spice is about six months, while a ground spice lasts about two years.

D.

In 2019 there were approximately 5 + million middle and high school aged student who use e-cigarettes and almost 3 million were using these on a daily basis.

FALSE (1 million use on a daily basis)

A farmer must wait ten to eleven years for a cacao tree to produce its first beans.

FALSE (2-3 years)

It takes 4000 cocoa beans to make one pound of chocolate.

FALSE (500 beans or 12.5 pods make one pound of chocolate)

European settlers taught native Americans to use willow bark tea for treating pain and fever.

FALSE (Native Americans taught the European settlers)

The type of grafting technique used by Dr. Crassweller was a "S" graft.

FALSE (T-bud grafting)

One tablespoon of fresh, raw, red chili peppers contains 16 calories.

FALSE (answer is 6 calories)

Capsaicin in hot peppers inhibits all tastes, but piperine in black peppers blocks only the perception of sour and bitter.

FALSE (capsaicin blocks sour and bitter, piperine inhibits all tastes)

Pepper (Piper nigrum) is a woody vine whose fruit produces black, green, red, and white peppercorns and contains capsaiscin, an alkaloid responsible for its pungent taste.

FALSE (contains piperine)

Consumption of chili peppers is a recommended and proven method to control obesity.

FALSE (it has not been proven)

Toilet tissue and paper towels are made from unbleached pulp

FALSE (it is bleached pulp)

Lutein which is abundant in immature chilis has powerful antioxidant properties.

FALSE (it is not an antioxidant)

Aspirin is recommended for use in children under 16 years of age to treat conditions like chicken pox and the flu.

FALSE (it is specificaly NOT recommended)

Pepper was widely available during the Middle Ages and was most likely used in excess by the poor to conceal the taste of rotting meat.

FALSE (it is unlikely to be used like this)

Pollen carries female sex cells with the goal of propagation of plant species.

FALSE (male sex cells)

There is overwhelming evidence to suggest that organic foods are healthier than conventionally produced foods.

FALSE (no evidence for this)

The word drug comes from the Swedish word "druug" or "droog", which refers to toxic, fast growing trees

FALSE (refers to dried plants)

wind turbines = sharks

FALSE (should be whales)

In order to produce cocaine, hand-picked coca leaves are soaked in bourbon to extract the coca base from the leaves.

FALSE (soaked in gasoline)

Hydroxychloroquine and chlorine are administered via intramuscular injections for treatment of malaria and certain inflammatory conditions.

FALSE (taken orally, or a pill)

Pennsylvania forests are declining by 2% a year.

FALSE (they are increasing in size)

Pollen is very unstable and must be identified with 5 days of collection or it will degrade.

FALSE (very stable, can last years)

Eating corn as a sole source of nutrition causes potassium deficiency; however, either the addition of beans or cooking the corn with burnt wood can prevent this deficiency.

FALSE (vitamin B3)

Corn syrup is produced by tapping the corn stalk, collecting the sap, and boiling the sap into a concentrate, similar to maple syrup.

FALSE (you treat cornstarch with acid)

Matching fruits with its purpose:

Fig: full of seeds and hanging in pairs, increases male fertility Walnut: looks like a miniature brain, improves neurotransmitter function Kidney Bean: heals and helps maintain kidney function Tomato: red and having four chambers, good for the heart and blood

Rank the usage of corn from largest to smallest:

Livestock feed, ethanol (biofuel) production, exports, production of starch, human consumption.

1 in 6 Americans struggle with hunger on a daily basis.

TRUE

A spice is a dried seed, fruit, root, bark, or vegetative substance primarily used for flavoring, coloring, or preserving food.

TRUE

According to this video Daryl recommended you begin shopping for food on the perimeter of the store for fresh items rather in the center of the store where the more expensive processed items are located.

TRUE

Allspice, vanilla, chocolate, and chili pepper are new world spices.

TRUE

Cacao beans were so valuable to early Mesoamericans that they were used as currency.

TRUE

Chili peppers are high in Vitamin C

TRUE

Chocolate comes from a fruit tree; it's made from a seed.

TRUE

Cocaine's stimulating effects made it a popular ingredient in toothache drops, throat lozenges, and even early Coca-Cola syrup.

TRUE

Crack cocaine is a highly addictive and powerful stimulant, derived from powdered cocaine, that hit the streets in the early 1980s and became "widely" available.

TRUE

Despite the fact that pepper grew only in India, black peppercorns were found lodged in the nostrils of Ramesses II, placed there as part of the mummification rituals shortly after his death in 1213 BCE.

TRUE

Forensic palynology is the science of using pollen to solve crimes/mysteries.

TRUE

Hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine are under investigation in clinical trials for pre-exposure or post-exposure prophylaxis of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and treatment of patients with mild, moderate, and severe COVID-19.

TRUE

If you consume high quantities of chili peppers your pain receptors may become desensitized over time.

TRUE

In a 2013-14 survey 81% percent of youth using e-cigarette noted that the primary reason for use was due to the various appealing flavors.

TRUE

It is recommended to use 1st years growth (bud stalk) to start a graft.

TRUE

It will take about 3 years for the grafted apple tree to produce its first fruit.

TRUE

Once the processed paper is embossed and wound on cores called logs.

TRUE

One in 6 Americans are estimated to eat at a fast food restaurant each day.

TRUE

Pollen shapes and features differ by plant species and how they evolved to disperse and propagate the species.

TRUE

The Russian mystic Rasputin "cured" Alexei Romanov, son of the last Russian Tsar, by stopping his aspirin treatments, which had worsened his bleeding due to hemophilia.

TRUE

The United States is the world'́s second largest producer of apples behind China.

TRUE

The federal minimum age to purchase tobacco products was raised from 18 to 21 years.

TRUE

The gin and tonic cocktail was created during the early 19th century by British officers who needed a treatment for malaria but did not like the bitter taste of quinine.

TRUE

Theobroma cacao is the tree that produces cocoa beans, and it means "food of the gods.".

TRUE

Though Peruvian indians have long used the bark or 'quina' of the cinchona tree for medicinal purposes, it was not discovered by Europeans until the 17th century with the Spanish conquest of the Incas.

TRUE

When a chili pepper plant is stressed by lack of water or poor soil, its fruits tend to be more hot tasting.

TRUE

camouflage/artificial skin = squids/octopus

TRUE

harvesting water from air in arid climates = beetle

TRUE

hypodermic needles = mosquitos

TRUE

Ginger has been found to have ___ peroperties. A. anti-inflammatory B. antifungal C. antibiotic D. A and C

A

Cinnamon has been found to be beneficial in addressing the following: A. reduction of high blood pressure B. type 4 diabetes C. Parkinson's Disease D. A and C

A and C

Which of the following statements about hot peppers (genus Capsicum) is NOT true? A. Most of the capsaicin is found in the seeds. B. One way to lessen the burning sensation is to rinse with a vodka mouthwash. C. In the US, hot peppers have the greatest profit margin of any legal cash crop. D. Scoville units are used to measure the red color of peppers.

A and D

Which of the following statements about malaria are true (select all that apply): A. Symptoms of malaria, which include fever, headache, and vomiting, usually occur nine to fourteen days after infection. B. Malaria is caused by a unicellular parasite carried by a mosquito. C.Destroying areas of stagnant water where mosquitoes breed can help control malaria. D. You are more likely to contract malaria in a city than a rural area.

A-C

Which of the following statements about herbal and other types of medicine are true (select all that apply): A. Drugs derived from plants still remain the basis for much of modern medicine. B. Pharmaceutical companies are often not interested in botanicals because they cannot be legally protected by patents, unlike synthetically-produced medications. C. The modern trend in developing new medications is to discover the active ingredient and then synthesize variations or permutations of the efficacious molecules. D. Herbal cures in the past vary from sensible to ineffective, ridiculous, and even harmful.

A-D

Which of the following is true about commercial apples (select all that apply)? A. The rootstocks are chosen to control the size of the apple tree and may also provide disease resistance. B. The rootstock and scion are grafted together C. They are a combination of two different genetic types D. The scion is the aerial portion of the tree, chosen for its ability to produce good fruit (e.g., Gala or Granny Smith).

All of the above

Which of the following statements about the cinchona tree is NOT true? A. Until cinchona bark was brought to Europe, malaria treatments included limb amputation, purging, and blood-letting. B. The secret English cure for malaria that healed Charles the II was actually the bark of the cinchona tree. C. The only way to harvest the bark from the tree is to cut it down, killing the tree. D. Before quinine was isolated in 1820, the bark was dried, ground, and mixed into wine or another liquid.

C

Which tea is commonly used to shorten the duration of the common cold? A. Chamomile B. Peppermint C. Echinacea D. Spearmint

C

Which of the following are NOT true about popcorn: A. When heated, the inside of the kernel fills with steam until it 'pops'. B. Orville Redenbacher came up with a kernel that popped bigger than any others. C. Movie theater owners sold popcorn because it was easy to clean up. D. Any type of corn can be 'popped'.

C and D

Three Sisters

Corn: planted first; grows straight and tall, providing structure Bean: planted second; climbs upward in a vining habit Squash: planted third; provides groundcover to keep out weeds