Hort 2050 Tree FRuit

Almond Walnut Pistachio Pecan Hazelnut Macadamia

Nut crops

- 2/3 of world production is consumed as fresh fruit - Citrus fruit processing accounts for approximately 1/3 of total citrus fruit production —->80% of orange juice production - 85% of world's orange juice comes from 2 production areas 1) State of São Paulo, Brazil -exports 99% of its product

World Citrus Production

Florida - 90% of production consumed within US -International trade in orange juice mostly in from of frozen concentrated orange juice (FCOJ) —-reduces the volume of water, so storage and transportation costs are lower -the European Union is the largest importer of organs juice —-accounts for >80% of world orange juice imports most imports by the EU come from Brazil

World citrus production part 2

#1 fruit crop produced in US -numerous cultivars -no commercial production in Louisiana Harvest begins in July and continues into November Apple fruit is amenable to long term storage -up to 1 year under controlled atmosphere (CA) storage Intense international competition -china dominates world apple juice market

Apples

leading producer is California

Apricot

-high investment cost -cost and availability of labor -weather related risks - water availability -new and existing pest pressure -government regulation -food safety compliance -increasing international competition

Challenges to the US Tree fruit sector

U.S. is the world's second largest cherry producing country •sweet (fresh market) and sour (processing) types •approximately 80% of the total U.S. sweet cherry harvest volume and 80% of the export volume comes from the Pacific Northwest leading sweet cherry producing states: Washington (Wenatchee and Yakima areas) Oregon (Mid-Columbia and Medford areas) California (Bakersfield and Stockton areas) Michigan (western Michigan) Idaho •harvest begins in early June in southern California and continues through August in Washington •about one-third of the total crop is exported

Cherries

perennial trees, widely grown throughout the tropics and sub-tropics •originated in northeast India to southeast Asia •multiple species: -orange (Citrus sinensis) -grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) -lemon (Citrus limon) -lime (Citrus aurantifolia) -mandarins •tangerines (Citrus reticulata) •satsumas (Citrus unshiu) -pummelo (Citrus maxima) -tangelo (tangerine x pummelo) -tangor (tangerine x orange)

Citrus

Gala Red delicious Fuji Granny Smith Honey crisp Golden delicious McIntosh Pink Lady Braeburn jazz

Leading Apple Cultivars in the U.S.

CA dominates US tree fruit production -largest producer of oranges, lemons, peaches, nectarines, plums, olives, dates -a major producer of a variety of other non-citrus fruit like apples, pears, and sweet cherries -CA arid climate gives it a comparative advantage over the fruit-producing states

Leading US Tree Fruit Producing States CA

FL is second, accounting for about 1/5 of total US fruit production - primary tree fruit crop is citrus

Leading US tree fruit producing states FL

Washington is third, with about 1/10 of US fruit production -largest producer of apples, sweet

Leading US tree producing states Washington

Anna Dorset Golden Erin Shemer

Low-chill apple varieties for Louisiana

California dominates production (Central Valley) •freestone (fresh market) and clingstone (canning) types are produced leading peach producing states •California (Central Valley) -~50% of U.S. fresh market peach harvest volume -95% of processed peach harvest volume •South Carolina •Georgia •New Jersey

Peaches

Michigan, New York, Oregon, and Pennsylvania together account for over 1/10 of the US fruit acreage

Rest of the states

Pome fruits (apple, pear) Stone fruit ( peach, nectarine, plum, apricot)

Temperate Fruit

Citrus (orange, grapefruit, mandarins, lemon, lime) Avocado Olive Dates Cherimoya Lychee Longan

Sub- tropical fruit

Mango Papaya Jackfruit, breadfruit Mangosteen

Tropical Fruit

Florida •declining acreage -lowest production volume last year since 1945 •most citrus grown in lower two-thirds of Florida peninsula -lower probability of freeze damage •world's leading producer of grapefruit (40% of world total) •diversity of mandarins •few limes remaining in Miami-Dade county •no lemons California •oranges account for two-thirds of the state's citrus crop, lemons 25%, grapefruit 6%, tangerines/clementines 3% Texas Arizona Georgia Louisiana

US Citrus Production