HRM Ch.3

139) A manager implements new policies designed to make employees' work experience as favorable as possible. According to the steady-state theory, the manager should expect that ________. A) the policies will have a lasting impact on 80% of the employees B) the policies will make no difference at all C) eventually all employees will find work as pleasant as they have typically found it D) eventually the policies will work and all employees will find their work experiences to be favorable

C) eventually all employees will find work as pleasant as they have typically found it

115) A minister knows that he should not smile widely when speaking to a family that has just watched a loved one die. This is an example of a(n) ________ rule. A) feeling B) behavioral C) expression D) effective

C) expression

125) Which of the following is NOT an example of a social influence? A) a coworker complaining about her job at lunch B) a church group focused on the development of self-confidence C) genetic characteristics of superior hearing and near-sightedness D) cultural characteristics emphasizing the importance of diligence

C) genetic characteristics of superior hearing and near-sightedness

149) An example of organizational citizenship behavior is an employee who ________. A) pays his or her city taxes B) performs assigned duties dependably C) helps coworkers with difficult assignments D) agrees to work mandatory overtime

C) helps coworkers with difficult assignments

153) Organizational commitment is a person's attitudes towards ________. A) his or her specific job B) his or her department C) his or her entire company D) his or her supervisor

C) his or her entire company

152) Employee well-being is BEST described as ________. A) the level of job satisfaction an employee experiences B) the ability of the employee to maintain a work/life balance C) how happy, healthy, and prosperous employees are D) how much job security an employee has

C) how happy, healthy, and prosperous employees are

92) Passage of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act ________. A) overrides the need for an organization to have a code of ethics B) diminishes protections for whistleblowers C) increases the reporting obligations of public companies D) instates regular auditing of public companies

C) increases the reporting obligations of public companies

77) Work ________ reflect how people feel while they are performing their jobs day to day and also determine how they experience work. A) values and emotions B) attitudes and values C) moods and emotions D) skills and moods

C) moods and emotions

129) Herzberg's theory of job satisfaction proposes that every worker has two sets of requirements, which are ________. A) positive and negative affectivity B) implicit and explicit work values C) motivator and hygiene needs D) extrinsic and intrinsic work values

C) motivator and hygiene needs

142) Meghan Tull is the chief operator of a computer facility for a large company and also a single mother of two children. The facility processes customer billing, so stringent regulations and procedures must be followed to the letter. Because she was denied a promotion, she has become dissatisfied with her job. Her dissatisfaction will MOST LIKELY result in ________. A) her job performance dramatically dropping B) increased errors in customer billing C) no significant change in job performance D) changes in Meghan's personality

C) no significant change in job performance

143) Research has shown that the association between job satisfaction and job performance is ________. A) decreasing due to the increasing number of baby-busters B) stronger for men than for women C) not meaningful D) higher in unionized settings

C) not meaningful

160) Which of the following is an employee with affective commitment LEAST likely to do? A) be late for work B) perform OCBs C) quit their job D) take days off

C) quit their job

145) The relationship between turnover and job satisfaction is relatively weak MOST LIKELY because ________. A) there is no way to measure the job satisfaction of employees once they have left B) some dissatisfied workers may use turnover as a temporary form of withdrawal and decide to stay C) some satisfied workers eventually move on to other organizations D) the decision to quit is usually made in a moment of anger

C) some satisfied workers eventually move on to other organizations

123) Any aspect of the job and the employing organization is considered to be part of the ________. A) work environment B) work-life paradigm C) work situation D) work atmosphere

C) work situation

89) ________ ethics is LEAST LIKELY to contribute to an organization's code of ethics. A) Individual B) Professional C) Societal D) Foreign

D) Foreign

109) What statement BEST explains the influence that mood has in the workplace? A) Too little research has been focused on this question to know the answer. B) Mood has no influence on employees in the workplace. C) Mood has very little influence on employees in the workplace. D) Mood greatly influences employees in the workplace.

D) Mood greatly influences employees in the workplace.

119) Which of the following is FALSE? A) Trust is an expression of confidence in another person or group that you will not be put at risk, harmed, or injured by their actions. B) Trust can enhance co-operation and the sharing of information necessary for creativity. C) A lack of trust between employees and managers is often symptomatic of more widespread problems. D) Positive attitudes and positive work moods have no affect on the level of trust one experiences.

D) Positive attitudes and positive work moods have no affect on the level of trust one experiences.

98) Which of the following statements is TRUE about the relationship between work attitudes and values? A) Work attitudes are more specific and longer lasting than values. B) Work attitudes are less specific and longer lasting than values. C) Values are more specific and longer lasting than work attitudes. D) Values are less specific and longer lasting than work attitudes.

D) Values are less specific and longer lasting than work attitudes.

124) What BEST describes the relationship between workplace dissatisfaction and change in the work environment? A) Workplace dissatisfaction is unrelated to positive change in the work environment. B) Workplace dissatisfaction always results in negative change in the work environment. C) Workplace dissatisfaction results in negative change if the job is highly skilled. D) Workplace dissatisfaction results in positive change when the organization is supportive.

D) Workplace dissatisfaction results in positive change when the organization is supportive.

148) Which of the following is NOT a potential benefit of employee turnover? A) introduction of new ideas into the organization B) reduction of the size of the organization C) provision of advancement opportunities D) additional training and recruitment

D) additional training and recruitment

128) Employers' attempts to develop "family-friendly" policies and benefits are an effort to ________. A) reduce governmental regulation B) appeal to all employees' motivator needs C) reduce insurance costs D) address an important job facet for many employees

D) address an important job facet for many employees

108) A manager notices a high amount of workplace incivility in the office. What strategy should the manager employ to BEST combat this? A) push up work deadlines B) reprimand rude employees C) encourage face-to-face conversations D) beautify the office

D) beautify the office

136) The steady-state theory of job satisfaction suggests that each individual has a typical amount of job satisfaction, sometimes called the ________. A) balance point B) equivalence level C) equity state D) equilibrium level

D) equilibrium level

96) Which of the following is NOT a component of work attitudes? A) behavioral component B) affective component C) cognitive component D) ethical component

D) ethical component

146) The first step listed in Mobley's model of the turnover process is to ________. A) evaluate the benefits of quitting B) think of quitting C) decide to quit D) experience job dissatisfaction

D) experience job dissatisfaction

140) The opinion that employees will be satisfied with their jobs as long as their needs are met in areas they deem important supports the ________ of job satisfaction. A) steady-state model B) discrepancy theory C) personality model D) facet model

D) facet model

90) Laura is a manager at a retail store. She recently found out that the company is facing budget cuts. She was given the option to give all of her employees a 3% pay cut or lay off one employee. If she were using utilitarian values as her guide, which decision would she MOST LIKELY make? A) give all her employees a 3% pay-cut B) organize a protest C) quit the job so she does not have to make a decision D) lay off one employee

D) lay off one employee

105) Workers who feel excited, enthusiastic, active, strong, and elated are MOST LIKELY experiencing ________. A) job satisfaction B) organizational commitment C) openness to experience D) positive work moods

D) positive work moods

132) Which of the following is NOT a facet of a hygiene need? A) supervision of work B) pay for work C) security at work D) processes of work

D) processes of work

137) The opinion that some people are usually happy at their jobs while others are usually discontent supports the ________ of job satisfaction. A) discrepancy model B) critical incidents theory C) facet model D) steady-state theory

D) steady-state theory

91) Which of the following would LEAST LIKELY influence the development of an individual's ethical values? A) family B) peers C) religious institutions D) television

D) television

93) Jim has told the district attorney's office that illegal activities are taking place at his corporation. He is a ________. A) cakebaker B) ballthrower C) trainman D) whistleblower

D) whistleblower

133) According to Herzberg, when a worker's hygiene needs are met, he ________. A) will be satisfied B) will not be satisfied C) will be dissatisfied D) will not be dissatisfied

D) will not be dissatisfied

78) People's personal convictions about what end states one should expect from work and how one should behave at work constitute ________. A) work attitudes B) work moods C) work behaviors D) work values

D) work values

151) Which of the following BEST display an organizational citizenship behavior? A) A new accountant decides to take an advanced accounting class to improve her skills at the firm. B) An advertising executive works longer hours to meet a tight deadline. C) The HR department at a green company participates in a mandatory community cleanup. D) A manager trains his assistant on the company's new database management system because he is required to do so.

A) A new accountant decides to take an advanced accounting class to improve her skills at the firm.

158) ________ exists when employees are happy to be members of an organization. A) Affective commitment B) Continuance commitment C) Escalation of commitment D) Codependent commitment

A) Affective commitment

112) ________ is the work that employees perform to control their experience and expression of moods and feelings on the job. A) Emotional labor B) Control display C) Expression management D) Display rules

A) Emotional labor

86) ________ are BEST described as one's personal convictions about what is right and wrong. A) Ethical values B) Legal values C) Work values D) Utilitarian values

A) Ethical values

102) ________ can change from hour to hour, day to day, and sometimes minute to minute. A) Work moods B) Work values C) Work attitudes D) Work satisfaction

A) Work moods

118) Who is the MOST LIKELY to feel emotional dissonance? A) a school teacher after a dispute with a colleague B) a data entry clerk after having a typical lunch break C) a secretary after receiving a compliment about her work D) a cashier after recently becoming engaged

A) a school teacher after a dispute with a colleague

113) Emotional labor is governed by ________. A) display rules B) work attitudes C) work values D) organizational citizenship

A) display rules

116) Jobs that involve high levels of interpersonal interaction MOST OFTEN require more ________ than jobs that entail less frequent interactions with others. A) emotional labor B) product knowledge C) on-the-job training D) management supervision

A) emotional labor

114) A police officer knows that he should not be delighted at the site of a terrible crime. This is an example of a(n) ________ rule. A) feeling B) behavioral C) expression D) effective

A) feeling

94) An individual notices illegal behavior by his boss. The part of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act MOST beneficial to this individual is the _______. A) increase in protection for whistleblowers B) increase in penalties for white collar crime C) requirement for organizations to have a code of ethics D) requirement for the audit committee to work independently

A) increase in protection for whistleblowers

85) A manager has tried several strategies to encourage his employees. He has offered training programs to develop their skills. He gives more responsibility to employees. He tries to make the work as interesting as possible. These motivating strategies do not seem to be working. What strategy should he try next? A) offer employees monetary bonuses B) give the workers more autonomy C) allow the employees to have more authority D) allow the employees more creative powers

A) offer employees monetary bonuses

79) Work values are important for understanding and managing organizational behavior because they ________. A) reflect what people are trying to achieve through and at work B) enable managers to manipulate their workers C) change from hour to hour and minute to minute D) reveal how people feel when they are performing their jobs

A) reflect what people are trying to achieve through and at work

76) A person's values are ________. A) resistant to change B) fixed over time C) hard to determine D) subject to change every day

A) resistant to change

75) A person's thoughts and feelings about the meaning and nature of work itself are called ________. A) values B) attitudes C) emotions D) moods

A) values

159) ________ exists when employees stay with an organization because the costs of leaving it are too great. A) Affective commitment B) Continuance commitment C) Escalation of commitment D) Codependent commitment

B) Continuance commitment

135) According to ________, college graduates are likely to experience job dissatisfaction when their new positions fail to meet their high hopes. A) Motivation-hygiene theory B) Discrepancy model C) Facets model D) Divergence model

B) Discrepancy model

120) ________ is the collection of feelings and beliefs that people have about their current jobs. A) Organizational commitment B) Job satisfaction C) Intrinsic motivation D) Work valuation

B) Job satisfaction

106) What statement BEST describes how situational factors may affect work mood? A) Only major events and conditions in one's life affects work mood. B) Major and minor events and conditions affect one's work mood. C) Situational factors do not affect work mood. D) Workplace incivility is the most important factor of work mood.

B) Major and minor events and conditions affect one's work mood.

87) ________ pertain to the protection of the fundamental rights and privileges of people affected by a decision. A) Utilitarian values B) Moral rights values C) Justice values D) Equal rights values

B) Moral rights values

130) ________ are associated with the actual work itself and how challenging it is. A) Workplace needs B) Motivator needs C) Hygiene needs D) Psychological needs

B) Motivator needs

141) Which of the following statements BEST explains why work attitude has little relationship to job performance? A) Most workers are highly ethical people who always strive to do their best in the workplace. B) Organizations develop rules and procedures that employees are expected to follow. C) Too little research has focused on this question to have a credible answer. D) Work attitude changes from day to day.

B) Organizations develop rules and procedures that employees are expected to follow.

95) ________ can and often do remain constant from job to job and organization to organization. A) Work attitudes B) Work values C) Work duties D) Work routines

B) Work values

107) ________ is rude interpersonal behavior that reflects a lack of respect for others. A) Organizational conflict B) Workplace incivility C) Negative affectivity D) Discriminatory marginality

B) Workplace incivility

100) How a worker feels about his or her job or organization represents the ________ of the worker's attitude. A) behavioral component B) affective component C) cognitive component D) temperamental component

B) affective component

104) How a worker feels about his or her job or organization represents the ________ of the worker's attitude. A) behavioral component B) affective component C) cognitive component D) temperamental component

B) affective component

144) An employee's ability to go to work is affected by all of the following EXCEPT ________. A) family responsibilities B) attendance policies C) illness and accidents D) transportation problems

B) attendance policies

97) The collection of feelings and beliefs that people have about their organization as a whole is known as organizational ________. A) loyalty B) commitment C) satisfaction D) attitude

B) commitment

117) Emotional ________ occurs when employees are expected to express feelings that are at odds with how they are actually feeling. A) targeting B) dissonance C) fluctuation D) role playing

B) dissonance

99) The cognitive component of a worker's attitude is the ________. A) employee's feelings about his or her job or organization B) employee's beliefs about the job or organization C) employee's thoughts about how to behave in his or her job or organization D) employee's ethical stance on his or her job or organization

B) employee's beliefs about the job or organization

161) When affective commitment is high, ________. A) employees are not expected to go above and beyond the call of duty B) employees are likely to perform OCBs C) employees are less satisfied on the job D) employees perform OCBs only when asked to do so

B) employees are likely to perform OCBs

80) Examples of intrinsic work values include all of the following EXCEPT ________. A) desiring to be challenged B) establishing social contacts C) wanting to learn new things D) making important contributions

B) establishing social contacts

84) John works at a toy company where he designs new toys. He finds the work interesting and rewarding, but he is currently searching for a higher paying job. John's work values are BEST described as _______. A) ethical B) extrinsic C) intrinsic D) moral

B) extrinsic

126) The ________ focuses primarily on work situation factors by breaking a job into its component elements. A) discrepancy model B) facet model C) motivator-hygiene theory D) steady-state theory

B) facet model

83) Employees who are extrinsically motivated are MOST OFTEN responsive to ________. A) challenging work B) financial incentives C) added responsibility D) creative flexibility

B) financial incentives

81) Laura White enjoys her job as an elementary school teacher because she feels she is doing something important, even though the pay is poor and she receives little recognition in the community. Laura's work values are ________. A) extrinsic B) intrinsic C) behavioral D) affective

B) intrinsic

122) A worker with strong ________ is more likely to be satisfied with a job that is interesting and personally meaningful, even if it requires long hours and does not pay well. A) extrinsic work values B) intrinsic work values C) social work values D) economic work values

B) intrinsic work values

127) The facet model forces managers and researchers to recognize that ________. A) jobs affect employees in limited ways B) jobs affect employees in multiple ways C) jobs do not affect employees D) jobs and employees affect each other in multiple ways

B) jobs affect employees in multiple ways

131) Motivator needs are satisfied by all of the following EXCEPT ________. A) interesting work B) pleasant surroundings C) autonomy on the job D) responsibility

B) pleasant surroundings

138) A study found that identical twins with similar upbringings had very different levels of job satisfaction when jobs were similar. This finding would LEAST support the _____ of job satisfaction? A) facet model B) steady-state theory C) discrepancy model D) motivator-hygiene theory

B) steady-state theory

121) The level of job satisfaction that a person experiences is LEAST LIKELY affected by the ________. A) feelings that a person has B) way that a person looks C) influence that others have on the person D) tasks a person is asked to perform

B) way that a person looks

134) According to Herzberg, in which instance could an employee experience both job satisfaction and job dissatisfaction at the same time? A) when the job is monotonous and the pay is low B) when the job is interesting and the pay is low C) when the job is exciting and the pay is high D) when the job is pleasant and the pay is high

B) when the job is interesting and the pay is low

101) How people feel at the time they are actually performing their jobs is referred to as ________. A) work attitudes B) work moods C) work behaviors D) work values

B) work moods

154) ________ commitment exists when workers are committed not so much because they want to be but because they have to be. A) Affective B) Cognitive C) Continuance D) Negligent

C) Continuance

110) ________ are intense, short-lived feelings that are linked to a specific antecedent and that interrupt thought processes and behaviors. A) Values B) Attitudes C) Emotions D) Ethics

C) Emotions

150) The following four employees all feel committed to the organization they work for. Jennifer feels it will be difficult to find a similar pension plan she has at another job. Mark has a high level of seniority at his current job. James feels his organization makes great contributions to the community. Susan wants to ensure her family receives medical insurance. Based on this information, who is the MOST likely to display organizational citizenship behavior? A) Mark B) Jennifer C) James D) Susan

C) James

157) Who is LEAST LIKELY to have organizational commitment? A) Jane recently accepted a sales position at a surf shop. Even though she was offered a higher paying position elsewhere, she accepted the surf shop job because it had a community volunteer program. B) Martha, a single mother, hates her high-paying manager position at a Fortune 500 company. C) Jason is a highschool student who works with a home improvement company on weekends to make extra cash. D) Alex can live at home and have all of his expenses covered by his millionaire parents or work at the family corporation until he is 30, at which time he will be awarded his trust fund. Alex has opted to "earn" his trust fund so that he doesn't have to rely so much on his family.

C) Jason is a highschool student who works with a home improvement company on weekends to make extra cash.

88) ________ pertain to fairness, equity, and impartiality in decision making. A) Utilitarian values B) Moral rights values C) Justice values D) Equal rights values

C) Justice values

156) Which of the following strategies would LEAST LIKELY promote affective commitment? A) ask employees to vote on a worthy cause and then donate proceeds B) encourage employees to volunteer in local charitable organizations, once a month C) ask employees to sign non-compete agreements D) support environmental causes

C) ask employees to sign non-compete agreements

103) The ________ of a worker's attitude reflects his thoughts about how to act on the job. A) affective component B) cognitive component C) behavioral component D) extrinsic component

C) behavioral component

82) Extrinsic work values are related to ________. A) nature of the work B) interests of the worker C) consequences of the work D) love of the job

C) consequences of the work

155) Continuance commitment exists when ________. A) employees plan to leave the company in the near future B) workers are happy to be members of the organization C) costs of leaving the organization are too high D) employees intend to do what is good for the organization

C) costs of leaving the organization are too high

111) An otherwise cheerful employee has just been berated by a customer. This will MOST likely affect the employee's ________. A) values B) ethics C) emotions D) attitudes

C) emotions

147) In Mobley's model of the turnover process, the stage immediately following "thinking of quitting" is ________. A) job satisfaction experienced B) intention to search for alternatives C) evaluation of benefits and costs of quitting D) intention to quit

C) evaluation of benefits and costs of quitting