HTHS 1111 unit 16

The average systolic pressure ___ millimeters of mercury, and they average diastolic pressure is ___ millimeters of mercury.

120, 70 80

The heart of a healthy adult beats ___about times per minute to keep blood constantly moving

60 70

In systemic circulation, oxygenated blood is pumped from the heart into ___, which carry it to blood tissues. ___ carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart.

Arteries, veins

The volume of blood, in liters, that each ventricle of the heart rejects every minute is known as ___

Cardiac output

If your friend ask you to explain an activity that increases cardiac output to the maximum, which of the following would you most likely say?

Cardiac output increases with physical activity, rising to a maximum that may be four to seven times greater than the resting output.

Which artery supply the brain?

Carotid

Systemic veins carry ___, and systemic arteries carry___

Deoxygenated blood, oxygenated blood

What is the function of the heart in relationship to the circulatory system?

It controls the circulation of blood throughout the body.

Which of the following statements accurately describes how deoxygenated blood leaves the heart?

It flows from the left atrium into the left ventricle, which pumps it through the pulmonary valve into the pulmonary trunk.

Which of the following causes blood pressure?

It is caused by the blood flow generated by the heart as it pumps and the resistance that blood encounters as it moves through the enclosed vessel.

What is the location of the heart in reference to the diaphragm?

It is superior to the diaphragm.

The heart is located ___ to the lungs, and the ___ lung experiences the greatest displacement due to the hearts location.

Medial, left

The layer of the heart wall primarily responsible for the heart pumping action is the

Myocardium

Pulmonary veins carry___, and pulmonary arteries carry___

Oxygenated blood, deoxygenated blood

"Red blood" designates ___ blood, which is only seen in the chambers on the ___ side of the heart.

Oxygenated, left

The right and left ventricles contain ___ muscles, which contract to pull on the chordae tendineae. The purpose of the chordae tendineae is to ___.

Papillary, prevent inversion of the heart valves

The thin sac that surrounds the heart is called the ___, and it function is ___.

Pericardium, and closing and protecting the heart

Which of the following statements accurately describes pulmonary circulation?

Pulmonary circulation delivers deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs and oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.

___ veins carry oxygen-rich blood, whereas ___arteries carry oxygen-poor blood.

Pulmonary, pulmonary

The flow of blood through the heart and pulmonary circulation occurs in which sequence?

Right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary valve, pulmonary circulation, left atrium, mitral valve, left ventricle, aortic valve

Which of the following accurately list the structures through which electrical impulses pass, from initiation to culmination?

Sinoatrial node, atrioventricle node, bundle of His, bundle branches, Purkinje fibers

Cardiac output is it determined from which of the following factors?

Stroke volume and heart rate

The point of highest blood pressure is ___pressure, and the point of lowest blood pressure is ___pressure

Systolic, diastolic

If a friend ask you to describe the special relationship among the heart, lungs, and diaphragm, which of the following would you most likely say?

The heart is located between the lungs and superior to the diaphragm

Which of the following accurately compares the heart of an adult male and a heart of an adult female?

The heart of an adult male is slightly larger than that of an adult female.

If your instructor asked you to explain why the myocardium is thicker on the left ventricle than it is on the right ventricle, which of the following would you most likely say?

The left ventricle has to pump harder to overcome the high resistance required to pump blood into the long systemic circuit, whereas the right ventricle does not need to generate as much pressure since the pulmonary circuit is shorter and provides less resistance.

Which of the following statements accurately compares the four heart valves?

The mitral and tricuspid valves facilitate blood flow from the atria into the ventricles, whereas the aortic and pulmonary valves prevent the backflow of blood.

Why do you think the heart is called a "double-pump"?

The right and left sides of the heart work in coordination to pump oxygenated blood to the body and deoxygenated blood to the lungs

Which of the following statements accurately describes a difference between the right and left ventricles?

The walls of the left ventricle are about three times thicker than those of the right ventricle.

Which of the following is a shared characteristic among all blood vessel types?

They all have lumens.

What is the purpose of heart valves?

To control the flow of blood through the heart and prevent blood backflow

What is the function of Purkinje fibers

To induce a ventricular contraction that ejects blood from the heart

Which of the following statements accurately compares systole and diastole?

Ventricular contraction and constriction are known as systole, whereas ventricular relaxation and expansion are known as diastole.

The heart is located ___ the thoracic cage, ___ the lungs, and___ to the diaphragm

Within, between, superior to

The heart is located ___ to the esophagus, and the ___ separates it from the esophagus

anterior, trachea

The _____ is the largest artery in the body.

aorta

Oxygenated blood flows from the heart through systemic circulation in which order?

arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins

All of the following are types of blood vessels except

atria

All of the following are structures of the conduction system except

atrioventricular valves

The conduction system of the heart is controlled by the ___ nervous system

autonomic

The ___ arteries supply the upper limbs, and the ___ arteries supply the lower limbs

axillary femoral

The right atrium receives ___ blood from the vena cava and the coronary sinus, and the left atrium receives ___ blood from the pulmonary veins.

deoxygenated, oxygenated

the purpose of valves is to:

ensure unidirectional blood flow

An adult heart is approximately the size of a

fist

Which of the following structures separates the right and left ventricles?

interventricular septum

The superior and inferior mesenteric arteries primarily supply

intestines

The major veins draining the head are the

jugular veins

The conduction system of the heart regulates the electrical impulses that

make the heart beat

During contraction, the ___ pull on the ___.

papillary muscles and chordae tendineae

The iliac veins are located in which area of the body?

pelvic region

The kidneys are supplied by the

renal arteries

The ___ receives oxygen-depleted blood and empties in it into the ___, whereas oxygenated blood from the lungs enters the ___ empties into the ___.

right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle

Which part of the hearts conduction system sends the impulse that begins the process of conduction?

sinoatrial (SA) node

An impulse travels through the hearts conduction system in which of the following sequences?

sinoatrial (SA) node, atrioventricular (AV) node, bundle of His, bundle branches, Purkinje fibers

When blood pressure increases, blood flow ___. When resistance increases, blood flow___.

speeds up, slows down

___ is the amount of blood a ventricle pumps out during one contraction

stroke volume

All of the following are structures arteries and veins have in common except

valves

Which of the following statements accurately compares the right and left atrioventricular valves?

The right atrioventricular valve has three cusps, whereas the left atrioventricular valve has two cusps.

What is the function of the thoracic cage in regard to the heart?

It surrounds and protects the heart.

Which of the following statements accurately compares the functions of the right and left ventricles?

The right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood into the pulmonary trunk, whereas the left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood into the ascending aorta.

The first and last steps of systemic circulation are

blood is pumped from the left ventricle into the aorta, blood drains from the superior and inferior venae cavae into the right atrium

The function of coronary circulation is to:

supply cardiac muscle with oxygenated blood and drain deoxygenated blood from it

During ___, the ventricles contract and blood pumps out of the heart. During ___, the ventricles relax and blood flows into the heart

systole and diastole

120mmHg, Or millimeters of mercury, is the average ___ pressure for an adult

systolic

Arteries are structurally different from veins in which way?

they have thicker and stretchier walls to accommodate higher pressures and they lack valves

Blood moving from the atria into the ventricles flow through which two valves?

tricuspid (right AV) and mitral (bicuspid or left AV)