Human A&P Chapter 8 Study Guide

Which of the following terms and descriptions is correctly paired? supination-turning the hand so the palm is downward flexion-straightening parts at a joint so that the angle between them is increased adduction-moving a part in a circle or returning the arm from the horizontal position to the front of the body abduction-lifting the arm horizontally to form a right angle with the side of the body or moving a part away from the midline extension-bending the leg at the knee or decreasing the angle between the upper and lower leg

abduction-lifting the arm horizontally to form a right angle with the side of the body or moving a part away from the midline

In rheumatoid arthritis articular cartilage is damaged and fibrous tissue invades. all of the above the hands can look very deformed. fibrous tissues ossify and bones fuse. the synovial membrane becomes inflamed and thickens, forming a mass.

all

Which of the following movements could occur at the hip joint? Extension Abduction Adduction all of the above Flexion

all

Joints often contain cartilage. all of the above allow bones to grow. enable body parts to move. bind bones.

all of the above

A synchondrosis allows bone growth. equalizes pressure between vertebrae. is formed by the bodies of two adjacent vertebrae. allows free movement. includes a joint capsule.

allows bone growth.

When a joint is immobilized for a prolonged time, there is danger that synovial fluid will increase. synovial fluid will decrease. articular cartilage will degenerate. articular cartilage will thicken. articular cartilage will ossify.

articular cartilage will degenerate.

Joints are also called annotations. periosteum. articulations. medullary cavities. ligaments.

articulations.

Fluid-filled sacs containing synovial fluid are called bursae. ligaments. peduncles. tendons. menisci.

bursae

Connie recently celebrated her 45th birthday. She feels okay most of the day, but in the morning, for about a half hour after she gets out of bed, all of her joints feel stiff. This is due to poor circulation. sprains. torn ligaments. nerve damage. changes in collagen structure.

changes in collagen structure.

Glucosamine and chondroitin are dietary supplements from human cadavers. dietary supplements from shells and cow carilage. types of synovial joints. dietary supplements from fish skeletons. proteins found in joints that are taken as dietary supplements.

dietary supplements from shells and cow carilage.

Displacement and deformity of a joint is called dislocation. ankylosis. bursitis. arthritis. sprain.

dislocation.

The radial collateral ligament is associated with the none of the above. shoulder joint. hip joint. knee joint. elbow joint.

elbow joint.

A gomphosis is a(n) ______ joint. synovial synchondrosis ball-and-socket cartilagenous fibrous

fibrous

A suture is an example of a(n) cartilagenous joint. plane joint. synovial joint. none of the above. fibrous joint.

fibrous joint.

Movements permitted by the elbow joint between the humerus and the ulna are movement in any plane. rotation and circumduction. none of the above. adduction, flexion, and extension. flexion and extension.

flexion and extension.

A tooth root attached to a jawbone by a periodontal ligament is a _____ joint. gomphosis syndesmosis synovial symphsis synchondrosis

gomphosis

Disuse of the joints _____ _______ which hastens stiffening. causes arthritis hampers blood flow causes cancer causes injuries degenerates cartilage

hampers blood flow

Cartilagenous joints are connected by synovial fluid. fibrous connective tissue. hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage. nervous tissue. a joint capsule.

hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage.

Activity and exercise keep joints functional longer. make joints more vulnerable to injury. increase the number of joints. exacerbate injuries hasten osteoarthritis.

keep joints functional longer.

Greg trips over a toy and experiences a sharp pain. His physician diagnosis a torn meniscus. Greg has injured his elbow joint. hip joint. knee joint. shoulder joint. pelvis.

knee joint

The largest and most complex synovial joint is the shoulder joint. hip joint. knee joint. finger joints. elbow joint.

knee joint

Fibrocartilage discs that divide the joint into two compartments are called menisci. tendons. bursae. capsules. ligaments.

menisci

A muscle end attached to a relatively immovable part is called the origin. articulation. beginning. insertion. symphysis.

origin

A sprain involves all of the above. overuse of a joint. inflammation of a synovial membrane. overstretched or torn ligaments and tendons in a joint. inflammation of bursae.

overstretched or torn ligaments and tendons in a joint.

Most of the joints in the ankle and wrist are pivot joints. fibrous joints. condylar joints. hinge joints. plane joints.

plane joints.

Movement that brings the foot farther from the shin is a(n) dorsiflexion abduction. rotation. hyperextension. plantar flexion.

plantar flexion.

A synovial membrane all of the above. stores nervous tissue. secretes synovial fluid. has tiny blood vessels. secretes serous fluid.

secretes synovial fluid.

The coracohumeral ligament is associated with the elbow joint. knee joint. shoulder joint. large toe joint. hip joint.

shoulder joint.

Artificial joints are built of silicone polymers for large joints and metals for small joints. silicone polymers for small joints and metals for large joints. wood and copper. glucosamine and chondroitin. proteins for small joints and carbohydrates for large joints.

silicone polymers for small joints and metals for large joints.

Articular cartilage receives oxygen and nutrients from blood vessels in underlying spongy bone. chondrocytes. surrounding synovial fluid. a direct blood supply. fatty pads in the joint.

surrounding synovial fluid.

The joint that separates two vertebrae is a(n) symphysis that is synarthrotic. synovial that is diarthrotic symphysis that is amphiarthrotic. symphysis that is diarthrotic synovial that is synarthrotic

symphysis that is amphiarthrotic.

Types of fibrous joints include synchondrosis, symphysis, and synovial joints. plane, hinge, and saddle joints. synarthrotic, amphiarthrotic, and diarthrotic joints. syndesmosis, suture, and gomphosis joints. pivot, condylar, and ellipsoidal joints.

syndesmosis, suture, and gomphosis joints.

A fibrous joint in which an interosseous ligament binds bones is a gomphosis. symphysis. hypothesis. suture. syndesmosis.

syndesmosis.

The rotator cuff of the shoulder is composed mainly of articular cartilage. epithelium and loose connective tissue. tendons and fibrous connective tissue. adipose and epithelial tissue. muscle fibers.

tendons and fibrous connective tissue.

The hip joint has less freedom of movement than the shoulder joint because the hip joint is more ossified than the shoulder joint. the hip has more supportive ligaments than the shoulder. the joint capsule of the hip is surrounded by muscles and the shoulder is not. the articulating parts of the hip are closer than those of the shoulder. the hip joint capsule is less elastic than the shoulder.

the articulating parts of the hip are closer than those of the shoulder.

Classifying joints as synarthrotic, amphiarthrotic, or diarthrotic represents the color of the joint. location in the body. the composition of the joint. the number of bones that the joint affects. the degree of movement possible at the joint.

the degree of movement possible at the joint.

In which of the following is rotational movement possible? Ball-and-socket joint Condylar joint Pelvic joint All of the above Hinge joint

Ball-and-socket joint

Which of the following is an infection? Polydactyly Lyme disease. Bursitis. Osteoarthritis A sprain

Lyme disease.

Which of the following best describes the causes of common forms of arthritis? Rheumatoid arthritis is caused by effects of aging and osteoarthritis is an autoimmune disease. Rheumatoid arthritis is a form of cancer and osteoarthritis is not. Rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis are autoimmune diseases. Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease and osteoarthritis is caused by effects of aging. Rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis are caused by effects of aging.

Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease and osteoarthritis is caused by effects of aging.

Which of the following is not a synovial joint? Symphysis Condylar Saddle Ball-and-socket Hinge

Symphysis

Which of the following is not a type of fibrous joint? Syndesmosis Coronal suture Gomphosis Sagittal suture Symphysis

Symphysis

Bones of a synovial joint are held together by a joint capsule. a meniscus. articular cartilage. a synovial membrane. a bursa.

a joint capsule.

A dislocation of the shoulder is most likely to occur during forceful abduction. circumduction. extension. adduction. flexion.

abduction