Human Anatomy & Physiology Chapter 9: Nervous System
A neuronal membrane is said to be polarized, which means that the inside is ______ charged with respect to the outside. Multiple choice question. positively negatively
B.
An ______ neurotransmitter will bring the postsynaptic membrane closer to threshold and thus fire an action potential. inhibitory excitatory
B.
An ______ neurotransmitter will bring the postsynaptic membrane closer to threshold and thus fire an action potential. Multiple choice question. inhibitory excitatory
B.
An action potential is a rapid change in the membrane potential first in the _____ direction then in the ____ direction, thus returning to resting state. negative; positive positive; negative
B.
An action potential is a rapid change in the membrane potential first in the _____ direction then in the ____ direction, thus returning to resting state. Multiple choice question. negative; positive positive; negative
B.
In most people, the ______ hemisphere is dominant for language-related functions. right left
B.
In most people, the right hemisphere is nondominant and specializes in: Multiple choice question. language-related and complex intellectual functions nonverbal functions
B.
Neurotransmitter molecules diffuse across the _____ and bind to ______. Multiple choice question. synaptic cleft; synaptic vesicles synaptic cleft; receptors postsynaptic neuron; receptors postsynaptic neuron; synaptic vesicles
B.
Producing the complex muscular actions needed for speech is the function of (the) ______ area of the cerebral cortex. Wernicke's Broca's auditory
B.
Structures called the ______ secrete cerebrospinal fluid. Multiple choice question. cerebral aqueducts choroid plexuses lateral ventricles
B.
The ______ of the brain integrates information about the position of the limbs, joints, and other body parts. pons cerebellum basal nuclei midbrain
B.
What is/are the functions of the respiratory center in the medulla oblongata? maintain blood pressure maintain breathing rhythm adjust rate and depth of breathing increase and decrease heart rate
2, 3
In most people, the left hemisphere is dominant for what functions? Select all that apply. Multiple select question. Personality Nonverbal functions Language-related functions Complex intellectual functions
3, 4
Select all that apply Which two of the following are functions of the thalamus? Regulates visceral activities Integrates information to control balance and posture Relays sensory information to the cerebral cortex Control of emotional experience and expressions
3, 4
The peripheral nervous system includes ______ and ______. Multiple select question. interneurons nerve tracts spinal nerves cranial nerves
3, 4
What are the subdivisions of the autonomic nervous system. peripheral central parasympathetic sympathetic
3, 4
Which two of the following are functions of the thalamus? Control of emotional experience and expressions Integrates information to control balance and posture Regulates visceral activities Relays sensory information to the cerebral cortex
3, 4
The cerebral cortex is divided into what THREE functional areas? Unconscious Involuntary Sensory Association Conscious Motor
3, 4, 6
How many pairs of spinal nerves originate from the spinal cord? Multiple choice question. 12 21 31 41
31
The spinal cord consists of _______________ segments that each give rise to a pair of spinal nerves.
31
There are _____________ pairs of spinal nerves.
31
Indicate, in the correct order, the components of a reflex arc. 1. processing center 2. effector organ 3. motor neuron 4. sensory neuron 5. sensory receptor
5, 4, 1, 3, 2
A junction between two neurons is called a ______. Multiple choice question. synapse synaptic knob receptor
A.
In most people, the ______ hemisphere is nondominant and involved in nonverbal functions and visual experiences. right left
A.
Name the phenomenon in which a subthreshold excitatory stimulation can make a neuron more excitable to a subsequent stimulation. Facilitation Excitation Addition Pooling
A.
One of the nuclei of the medulla oblongata, called the ______ center, regulates the rate and depth of breathing. Multiple choice question. respiratory vasomotor cardiac
A.
Structures called the ______ secrete cerebrospinal fluid. choroid plexuses cerebral aqueducts lateral ventricles
A.
The ______ center of the medulla oblongata regulates heart rate. Multiple choice question. cardiac respiratory vasomotor
A.
The ______ fissure separates the right and left hemispheres of the cerebrum. longitudinal coronal transverse
A.
The area of the brainstem that forms a prominent bulge on the anterior aspect of the brainstem is the: pons medulla oblongata cerebellum midbrain
A.
The cranial nerves and spinal nerves make up the ______ nervous system. peripheral central
A.
The division of the PNS that regulates visceral activities and maintains homeostasis is called the ______ nervous system. Multiple choice question. autonomic somatic central
A.
The ion most responsible for the establishment of resting membrane potential is ____. Multiple choice question. potassium ATP chloride sodium
A.
The nuclei in the medulla oblongata called the ______ center regulates the degree of vasoconstriction/vasodilation in blood vessels to help maintain blood pressure. Multiple choice question. vasomotor respiratory cardiacF
A.
The resting membrane potential of a neuron is negative, largely in part due to ______ potassium ions diffusing out of the cell and ______. more; less less; more lots of; no no; lots of
A.
The term ______ describes an arrangement of neurons in which two or more axons synapse on a single postsynaptic neuron. convergence divergence
A.
What are the functional areas of the cerebral cortex? Motor, association, sensory areas Voluntary, involuntary areas Gray, white areas Conscious, unconscious areas
A.
What division of the nervous system is comprised of the brain and the spinal cord? Multiple choice question. Central nervous system Autonomic nervous system Peripheral nervous system
A.
What does the longitudinal fissure separate? right and left cerebral hemispheres frontal lobe from parietal lobe cerebrum from the cerebellum frontal lobe from temporal lobe
A.
What functions to protect the brain and spinal cord from chemical and physical injury by providing chemical stability and buoyancy? Multiple choice question. Cerebrospinal fluid Lymphatic fluid Neurons Blood
A.
What is the function of the limbic system? Multiple choice question. Produces emotional feelings and expressions Controls sleep and wake cycles Maintains balance and posture
A.
What structure marks the beginning of the spinal cord? foramen magnum cauda equina medullary cone cervical enlargement
A.
The ______ of the brain maintains homeostasis by regulating visceral activities and controlling the endocrine system. Multiple choice question. thalamus hypothalamus cerebrum limbic system
B.
The cell body of a nerve is also called a _____. Multiple choice question. neuroglia soma core receptor
B.
The cerebral _______ are named after the cranial bone they underlie and include parietal, temporal, frontal, occipital. and insula. hemispheres lobes gyri sulci
B.
The cerebral cortex is the ________ part of the cerebrum. innermost outermost
B.
The left and right cerebral hemispheres are connected by a broad, flat bundle of axons called the: hypothalamus corpus callosum fornix corpora quadrigemina
B.
The term ______ describes an arrangement of neurons in which two or more axons synapse on a single postsynaptic neuron. Multiple choice question. divergence convergence
B.
What is a function of the nervous system? Multiple choice question. Protect the body against foreign invaders Coordinate all other body functions Generate force and produce movement of the skeletal system
B.
What is the function of Wernicke's area of the cerebral cortex? processing sense of smell understanding written and spoken language generating movements for balance generating movements for speech
B.
What kind of circuit does this image demonstrate? Multiple choice question. Parallel circuit Divergent circuit Convergent circuit
B.
When one neuron synapses with several other neurons, this is a ______ circuit. Multiple choice question. converging diverging parallel
B.
Where are the hypothalamus and thalamus located? Multiple choice question. in the cerebrum just above the corpus callosum in the diencephalon just above the midbrain in the midbrain just above the medulla oblongata
B.
A ______ is a specialized mass of nervous tissue formed by cell bodies of neurons. They are located outside the brain and spinal cord. Multiple choice question. node of Ranvier node tract ganglion
D.
Grooves seen on the surface of the cerebrum are called: commissures gyri lobes sulci
D.
Sensory neurons conduct impulses in which direction? Multiple choice question. From the brain and spinal cord to peripheral body parts. From the brain to the spinal cord. From the spinal cord to the brain. From the peripheral body parts to the brain and spinal cord.
D.
The ______ of the brain maintains homeostasis by regulating visceral activities and controlling the endocrine system. Multiple choice question. limbic system thalamus cerebrum hypothalamus
D.
_______________ are specialized masses (swellings) of nerve tissue formed by cell bodies of neurons and are located outside of the brain and spinal cord.
ganglia
Neuroglia are also called ____________ cells.
glial
The choroid plexus of the brain secretes _____________ fluid.
cerebrospinal
The ______________ lobe of the brain has the primary motor area.
frontal
True or false: An action potential begins as soon as the resting membrane potential is disturbed.
False
True or false: Most organs are innervated by either the sympathetic nervous system or the parasympathetic nervous system, but not by both.
False
Select all that apply What organs make up the central nervous system? Multiple select question. Brain Spinal cord Cranial nerves Spinal nerves Sensory receptors
1, 2
Select all that apply What functions are regulated by the autonomic nervous system? Multiple select question. Body temperature Breathing rate Heart rate Movement of the eyeball Blood pressure Skeletal muscle contraction
1, 2, 3, 5
Select all that apply Identify the common structures and/or properties of a neuron. Multiple select question. Cell body Dendrite All have the same size Axon All have the same shape
1, 2, 4
Which of the following are functions of CSF? Check all that apply Multiple select question. stable ionic concentration buoyancy sensation neural integration protection
1, 2, 5
Inhibitory neurotransmitters may have the action of _____. Multiple select question. causing Cl- to enter the cell causing Cl- to leave the cell causing K+ to leave the cell causing Na+ to enter the cell
1, 3
Indicate three general functions of neuroglia. Multiple select question. Provide structural support of neurons. Conduct impulses for muscle contraction. Integrate information to store memories. Carry out phagocytosis. Produce components of myelin.
1, 4, 5
Select all that apply Indicate the components of the brainstem. Multiple select question. pons cerebellum thalamus midbrain medulla oblongata hypothalamus
1, 4, 5
The neural pathway that mediates a reflex is called a reflex arc. Place the following in order, starting with a sensory signal input: 1. receptor 2. effector 3. efferent nerve fiber 4. afferent nerve fiber 5. interneurons
1, 4, 5, 3, 2
A total of ______ pairs of cranial nerves emerge from the brain and brainstem. 6 12 15 24 31
12
A total of ______ pairs of cranial nerves emerge from the brain and brainstem. Multiple choice question. 6 12 15 24 31
12
______________ pairs of cranial nerves emerge from the brain and brainstem.
12
A rapid, automatic response to a stimulus is called a(n): Multiple choice question. effector response muscle impulse reflex
C.
Decreased activity of the reticular formation results in _______. inability to form memories hyperactive state with increase heart rate sleep or unconsciousness loss of muscle contraction (paralysis)
C.
Feeling, thinking and moving are functions of which organ system? Multiple choice question. Cardiovascular Respiratory Nervous Muscular
C.
One of the nuclei of the medulla oblongata, called the ______ center, regulates the rate and depth of breathing. Multiple choice question. vasomotor cardiac respiratory
C.
The __________ of the brainstem is a network of nerve fibers and associated islands of gray matter which act to arouse the cerebral cortex into a state of wakefulness. Multiple choice question. cerebral peduncles pyramidal tracts reticular formation
C.
The __________ of the brainstem is a network of nerve fibers and associated islands of gray matter which act to arouse the cerebral cortex into a state of wakefulness. Multiple choice question. pyramidal tracts cerebral peduncles reticular formation
C.
The ___________ receives input from many areas of the brain and produces our emotional feelings. medulla oblongata reticular formation limbic system
C.
The area of the brainstem that forms a prominent bulge on the anterior aspect of the brainstem is the: midbrain cerebellum pons medulla oblongata
C.
The cavities in the brain that store cerebrospinal fluid are the ______. sinuses atria ventricles
C.
The primary motor area is found in the ______ lobes. Multiple choice question. occipital parietal frontal
C.
Wernicke's area lies in the _____ lobe. occipital frontal temporal parietal
C.
What are the gyri of the cerebrum? Hollow spaces within each hemisphere Indentations on the cerebral surface Ridges of tissue
C.
What are tracts in the nervous system? Multiple choice question. Bundles of unmyelinated axons Masses of cell bodies Bundles of myelinated axons Masses of dendrites
C.
What is the function of Broca's area of the cerebral cortex? Multiple choice question. Maintenance of equilibrium Interpreting written and spoken language Muscular actions needed for speech Recognition of visual stimulus
C.
What is the general name for the ridges or convolutions seen on the surface of the cerebrum? Lobes Sulci Gyri Fissures
C.
The negative charge across a resting membrane is due to the more ______ ions diffusion out of the cell than ______ ions diffusing into the cell. Multiple choice question. sodium; potassium sodium; calcium potassium; phosphate potassium; sodium
D.
The pons, medulla oblongata, and midbrain are subparts of what part of the brain? Limbic system Basal nuclei Diencephalon Brainstem
D.
What are tracts in the nervous system? Multiple choice question. Masses of dendrites Masses of cell bodies Bundles of unmyelinated axons Bundles of myelinated axons
D.
What is synthesized in the cytoplasm of the synaptic knob and stored in synaptic vesicles? Calcium ions Sodium ions Postsynaptic membrane receptors Neurotransmitters
D.
What part of the brain acts as a gateway for sensory impulses and channels them to appropriate regions of the cortex for interpretation? Infundibulum Occipital lobe Hypothalamus Thalamus
D.
What part of the brain regulates the degree of vasoconstriction/vasodilation of blood vessels to help control blood pressure? Multiple choice question. cerebrum pons midbrain medulla oblongata
D.
What part of the brain sits posterior to the brainstem and inferior to the occipital lobe? Multiple choice question. thalamus medulla oblongata pons cerebellum
D.
What structure marks the beginning of the spinal cord? cervical enlargement cauda equina medullary cone foramen magnum
D.
The cerebrum is divided into two: Multiple choice question. lobes gyri cerebellums fossas hemispheres
E.
Fill in the blanks to complete the sentence. Excitatory stimuli can cause a neuron to be more excitable to an incoming stimulation than it was before, a phenomenon called ____________ .
Facilitation
Fill in the blanks to complete the sentence. The choroid plexus of the brain secretes ___________ fluid.
cerebrospinal
True or false: A neuronal membrane is said to be polarized, with the inside of the membrane being negatively charged with respect to the outside. True false question. True False
True
True or false: Typically, the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system innervation at a specific organ has opposing actions.
True
Fill in the blanks to complete the sentence. The structures shown by the arrows belong to the _____________ nervous system.
central
The information about the position of the limbs, joints, and other body parts is integrated by the ___________ .
cerebellum
This major brain structure that is posterior to the cerebrum is the ___________.
cerebellum
The thin layer of gray matter that forms the outermost layer of the cerebrum is the ___________ ___________.
cerebral cortex
The cerebrum is divided into left and right _______________ .
cerebral hemispheres
Fill in the blanks to complete the sentence. The ____________ _______________ is a broad, flat structure connecting the left and right cerebral hemispheres.
corpus callosum
_______________ is a process in which impulses from a presynaptic neuron may reach several postsynaptic neurons; it enables neurons to amplify impulses.
divergence
The layer indicated by the arrow is the ______ mater.
dura
The brain area that regulates visceral activities, maintains homeostasis and links the nervous and endocrine systems is called the _____________.
hypothalamus
The thalamus and the ____________ are the two major segments of the diencephalon.
hypothalamus
Cerebral hemispheres are divided into five _____________.
lobes
Fill in the blanks to complete the sentence. The heart rate is regulated by the cardiac center located in the ________________, a part of the brainstem.
medulla oblongata
The ____________ ____________ lies between the pons and spinal cord.
medulla oblongata
The ____________ is a short segment in the brainstem between the diencephalon and the pons.
midbrain
The ____________________ is a short segment in the brainstem between the diencephalon and the pons.
midbrain
This brainstem structure is the ____________.
midbrain
During synaptic transmission, ______________ are released into a small space between the presynaptic and the postsynaptic neurons called the synaptic cleft.
neurotransmitters
A ___________ is a rapid, automatic response to a stimulus.
reflex
Fill in the blanks to complete the sentence. Nerve impulses are conducted via the _____________ neurons from peripheral body parts into the brain and spinal cord.
sensory
Nerve impulses are conducted via the ______________ neurons from peripheral body parts into the brain and spinal cord.
sensory
The nervous system structure that begins at the foramen magnum and extends through the vertebral canal is the ________________.
spinal cord
______________ are the shallow grooves seen on the surface of the cerebrum.
sulcus
The ____________ and ____________ the divisions are the two branches of the autonomic nervous system.
sympathetic parasympathetic
The circle is with the space commonly referred to as the __________ .
synapse
Neurotransmitters are stored in the ____________ vesicles of nerves.
synaptic
Bundles of myelinated axons that comprise neural pathways that carry similar information in the central nervous system are called ____________.
tracts
Bundles of myelinated axons that comprise neural pathways that carry similar information in the central nervous system are called ______________.
tracts
The cavities within the brain containing cerebrospinal fluid are called _____________.
ventricles