human bio final exam 3

By which one of the following methods is a stronger stimulus coded by neurons differently from a weaker stimulus? a. A stronger stimulus results in more action potentials/unit time. b. A stronger stimulus results in greater depolarization. c. A stronger stimulus results in hyperpolarization of the neuron. d. A stronger stimulus results in faster traveling action potentials. e. A stronger stimulus results in prolonged influx of Na+ ions and a delay before repolarization.

a

Electrical impulses are transmitted between components of the central nervous system via which one of the following? a. interneurons b. motor neurons c. macrophages d. glial cells e. sensory neurons

a

Which one of the following provides the central nervous system with information about the outside environment? a. sensory division b. sympathetic division c. motor division d. autonomic division e. parasympathetic division

a

Which one of the following steps occurs during the absolute refractory period? a. The neuron cannot generate an action potential. b. Potassium channels open, releasing potassium ions from the neuron; sodium channels close. c. Sodium channels open, which causes potassium channels to open. d. Sodium channels open, releasing sodium ions into the neuron, which causes potassium channels to close. e. A nerve impulse fails to reach threshold.

a

Conscious thought is associated with which one of the following? a. thalamus b. cerebral cortex c. medulla oblongata d. hypothalamus e. cerebellum

b

During a brain surgery, a surgeon passes an instrument through the dura mater. Which one of the following does the surgeon pass through next? a. pia mater b. arachnoid c. cerebrospinal fluid d. vertebrae e. bones of the skull

b

People who are intoxicated cannot coordinate their movements or walk a straight line because alcohol disrupts the normal function of which region of the brain? a. thalamus b. cerebellum c. hypothalamus d. corpus callosum e. cerebrum

b

The region of brain that coordinates antagonistic muscle movements is the a. thalamus. b. cerebellum. c. pons. d. medulla oblongata. e. occipital lobe.

b

Which one of the following cells transmits impulses away from the central nervous system to the muscles and other organs? a.neuroglia b.motor neurons c.sensory neurons d.interneurons e. dendrites

b

Which one of the following is NOT directly involved in the production of a typical spinal reflex? a. stimulus b. brain c. motor neuron d. sensory neuron e. interneuron

b

From an evolutionary standpoint, which of the following structures is considered the oldest, most primitive division of the brain? a. forebrain b. corpus callosum c. hindbrain d. midbrain e. cerebrum

c

Insufficient production of acetylcholine in the synapses of the brain, abnormal tangled neurons, and large deposits of beta-amyloid are problems associated with which one of the following diseases? a. Alzheimer's disease b. Parkinson's disease c. meningitis d. epilepsy e. rabies

c

Regulation of the production of breast milk, carbohydrate metabolism, and temperature control are some of the functions of the a. frontal lobe. b. thalamus. c. hypothalamus. d. midbrain. e. medulla oblongata.

c

Which one of the following happens during repolarization of a neuron? a. Potassium channels close, preventing further loss of positive ions. b. The sodium-potassium pump is turned off. c. Sodium channels close, and potassium rushes out of the cell to temporarily reestablish the membrane potential. d. Sodium channels open to allow sodium ions to rush back out of the cell. e. The membrane potential is eliminated.

c

Control of respiratory rate, heart rate, and blood pressure is integrated through the a. hypothalamus. b. cerebral cortex. c. cerebellum. d. medulla oblongata. e. thalamus.

d

Convergence occurs when several presynaptic cells a. activate the sodium-potassium pump of a Schwann cell. b. depolarize sequentially. c. depolarize simultaneously. d. form a synapse with a single postsynaptic cell. e. form a synapse with multiple postsynaptic cells.

d

Short-term memory is associated with the ________, whereas long-term memory is associated with the ________. a. cerebral cortex; hypothalamus b. cerebral cortex; limbic system c. hypothalamus; cerebral cortex d. limbic system; cerebral cortex e. limbic system; hypothalamus

d

The central nervous system is composed of which of the following? a. somatic division and motor division b. autonomic nervous system and brain c. sensory division and motor division d. brain and spinal cord e. somatic division and autonomic division

d

The left and right sides of the cerebrum are interconnected by which one of the following? a. cerebral cortex b. medulla oblongata c. pons d. corpus callosum e. thalamus

d

Which one of the following divisions of the nervous system predominates during the relaxed state? a. sympathetic division b. sensory division c. endocrine division d. parasympathetic division e. somatic division

d

Which one of the following parts of the brain effectively links the nervous system and the endocrine system? a. corpus callosum b. medulla oblongata c. cerebellum d. hypothalamus e. cerebral cortex

d

Cells that provide direct protection and physical support to neurons are a. nodes of Ranvier. b. myelinated. c. found primarily in lymphatic fluids. d. located only in the spinal fluid. e. neuroglial cells.

e