Human Biology Chapter 1

Cells that possess a nucleus and a membrane system that establishes internal compartments belong in which of the following groups? A. eukaryotes B. viruses C. Archaea D. Bacteria

A. eukaryotes

You are classifying an organism and trying to determine to which domain it belongs. The organism is unicellular and was isolated from a very unusual environment. This organism probably belongs in which domain? A. Eukarya B. Archaea C. Bacteria D. None of the domains above is correct.

B. Archaea

Which of the following types of organisms are NOT composed of eukaryotic cells? A. fungi B. bacteria C. plants D. animals E. protists

B. bacteria

A statement such as "If human body temperature increases to a certain level, then critical proteins will be denatured" would most likely be associated with _______________. A. inductive reasoning B. deductive reasoning C. a hypothesis D. a conclusion

B. deductive reasoning

"An athlete who uses dietary supplements will perform better than one who doesn't." This statement would be an example of which of the following? A. inductive reasoning B. hypothesis C. theory D. clinical trial

B. hypothesis

Researchers testing new drugs usually give the drug to one group of people and give placebos, "sugar pills," to another group. The group receiving the placebo ________________. A. is needed so that the test will be repeated enough times B. is the control group C. constitutes the experimental group D. is a backup in case some of the people getting the drug drop out of the test

B. is the control group

During phase I clinical trials, a new drug is tested _____________. A. in an animal model B. on fewer than 100 human volunteers C. on a few hundred human volunteers D. on thousands of human volunteers

B. on fewer than 100 human volunteers

How does a population differ from an ecosystem? A. A population consists of all living organisms in the area, whereas an ecosystem consists of all living and nonliving aspects of an area B. A population consists of all living organisms in an area, whereas an ecosystem consists of only one species C. An ecosystem includes a community, whereas a population does not D. An ecosystem and a population are identical; they are two terms for the same concept

C. An ecosystem includes a community, whereas a population does not

Which of the following is incorrect? A. Only living things contain nucleic acids, proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids B. Only living things are composed of cells C. Only living things can grow D. Only living things maintain homeostasis

C. Only living things can grow

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of all living things? A. They contain carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. B. They respond to stimuli. C. They are composed of multiple cells. D. They have adaptive traits.

C. They are composed of multiple cells

A study shows that people who eat fish three times a week live longer. Based on this study, which of the following can you NOT conclude? A. There is a correlation between eating fish in the diet and the length of life. B. Fish is a healthy choice of food. C. Eating fish causes longer life. D. All of the above can be concluded based on this study.

C. eating fish causes longer life

Humans belong to which of the following domains? A. Bacteria B. Archaea C. Eukarya D. vertebrates

C. eukarya

A scientist discovers an unidentified organism that is composed of multiple cells and has a membrane-bound nucleus. Of the choices listed, the most likely classification would be __________. A. Archaea B. Bacteria C. fungi D. Any of the above could be correct.

C. fungi

Which process used to solve problems in science involves accumulating facts through observation until the evidence leads to a general statement about nature? A. deductive reasoning B. hypothesis C. inductive reasoning D. theory

C. inductive reasoning

Which of the following levels of organization would a single-celled organism be EXCLUDED from? A. cellular B. molecular C. tissue D. population

C. tissue

If an object were collected on Mars by the rover Curiosity, it would be considered a living organism if it _________. A. responded to environmental stimuli B. had metabolic activities and maintained homeostasis C. contained DNA and reproduced D. All of the above are true.

D. All of the above are true

In a double-blind experiment, _______________. A. participants are randomly assigned to a control or experimental group B. the participants are unaware of whether they are in the experimental or control groups because of the use of placebos C. the researchers are unaware of which participants are in the experimental and control groups D. All of the above are true.

D. all of the above are true

The term _____________ variable refers to one of two variables involved in an experiment, in which neither variable can be isolated as having an effect. A. blind B. statistical C. multiple D. confounding

D. confounding

Members of the domains Bacteria and Archaea are called _______ because they lack a nucleus and internal compartments. A. eukaryotes B. molds C. protists D. prokaryotes

D. prokaryotes

Living organisms are members of all the levels listed; however, rocks are components of ____________. A. the community B. an organism C. the population D. the ecosystem

D. the ecosystem

The collection of all chemical reactions that occur in a cell.

Metabolism

A nondrug substance made to look like a real drug.

Placebo

A genetic trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce in its environment.

adaptive trait

The smallest unit of life.

cell

The process of evaluating evidence and its source carefully before drawing conclusions.

critical thinking

Specific areas in which certain living organisms interact with their environment.

ecosystem

These examine patterns within populations to find a correlation between a variable and its suspected effects.

epidemiologic studies

The ability to maintain a relatively constant internal environment.

homeostasis

A testable explanation for an observation.

hypothesis

A document that lists all potential negative effects of participation in a study.

informed consent agreement

Two or more issues working toward the same function.

organ

A well-supported explanation for a particular scientific phenomenon.

theory