Human Communication #1

Know the difference between verbal and non-verbal communication.

Differences Nonverbal communication is more honest Verbal involves seeing and hearing while nonverbal involved all 5 senses - seeing, hearing, touching, smelling, and tasting. Nonverbal communication flows continuously while verbal communication starts and stops. Both are culturally influenced Both involve intentionality, meaning at times we intend to communicate a message and other times we send a message we did not intend to communicate.

Identify which nonverbal coding element could cause depression if denied.

Haptics

Know the difference between a speech community and a speech network.

People who speak the same language and who not only "interact by means of speech," but also agree on the "proper" and "improper" use of language (ex. English speakers). Speech networks exist within speech communities (Ex. baseball team, a specific city, a hospital)

Know the processes of perception

Perception means being aware of and making from the world around us. Selective perception is the tendency not to notice and more quickly forget stimuli that cause emotional discomfort and contradict our prior beliefs. Perceptual organization is the process of grouping visual elements together (organization) so that one can more readily determine the meaning of the visual as a whole (perception) Interpretation refers to the process by which we represent and understand stimuli that affect us. Our interpretations are subjective and based on personal factors.

Your professor is giving a lecture but uses technical jargon throughout the entire lecture confusing the class so no one knows what is going on. This is an example of ______ noise.

Recognize and identify an example of semantic noise.

Identify attachments.

Relationships linking partners through a sense of security.

Identify self-disclosure.

occurs when you intentionally reveal information about yourself.

Know the Social Penetration Theory.

orientation, exploratory affective exchange, affective exchange, and stable exchange

Know the stages of group development and what occurs in each.

*Forming -The group first meets/convenes -Members engage in polite, small talk -First impressions are formed -Roles and compatibility are negotiated *Storming -Members experience conflict -Differences of opinion emerge -Arguments and miscommunication can occur -There is often deviation from the goal -Members may feel a loss of identity within the group *Norming -Members are willing to work together toward a common goal -Difference are resolved -Productivity accelerates -Members appreciate each other's contributions *Performing -The group begins to reach and achieve its goal(s) -The group is operating at the highest level of efficiency -Meeting the objective the utmost priority -Members evaluate and assess their performance *Adjourning -The group departs from the task as a result of success or failure -Regardless of their success or failure in completing the task, members should reflect on the experience and apply learned knowledge to subsequent group membership.

Know the HURIER Model and how it relates to personal judgements.

*look on phone*

Know how to improve your effectiveness as a listener.

1. Listening is the same thing as hearing. As we've already see, haring is a physical process while listening cognitive. 2. Listening is easy, natural, and effortless. You weren't born with good listening skills. You learn to be a good listener over time and it takes hard work. 3. Listening is a difficult skill to learn. From our earliest years as children we utilize the basic skills required to listen, so as we get older, perfecting the skill becomes easier to accomplish when we are willing to work at it. 4. Listening is simply a matter of intelligence. Not all intelligent people are good listeners. Consider the college professor who refuses to listen to your opinions. 5. If you read more, you listen better. Vocabulary certainly helps with comprehension but just as you read passively or actively, you listen that way too. 6. Gender affects listening skill. While there are differences in the way men and women communicate, gender is not a factor is how well one listens. 7. In the communication process, speaking is more important than listening. Mutual meaning making is a transaction which requires competence on the part of both the speaker and listener. 8. Listening is primarily about understanding the speaker's words. Framing and context can also affect understanding.

Know that communication is mutual meaning making, transactional and ________?

A process

Know the Linguistic Relativity Hypothesis.

Asserts that the language a speaker uses influences the way he or she thinks.

Identify the most abused use of power.

Coercive power have the authority to inflict punishment.

Know the best example of the use of abstract language.

It is a language signifying concepts, qualities, or ideas. The ladder of abstraction is a visual representation of using various levels of abstraction to make different types of meaning. Moving from the bottom up on the ladder, language becomes more abstract. As it does so, it becomes richer in connotation and more open to interpretation.

Know what linear models of communication suggest.

It is a representation of communication as a linear process, with messages travelling from a source, through a medium, to a receiver. The source has a goal in mind, creates a message, and selects a means (or medium) to deliver it; the receiver receives it and does or does not so what the source wants.

Know what metaphors are and what else they highlight other than similarities.

Language and perceptions of reality are clearly related, but language can also express a deeper cultural reality through metaphor, unstated comparisons between things or events that share some feature.

Know what a speaker must do "for an utterance to be a lie."

The speaker must offer information; the speaker must believe the information is not true; and the speaker must intend to deceive or mislead.

Identify an example of a euphemism.

The substitution of vague or less emotionally charged words for more direct, softer options. Bad: Sorry to hear your aunt dropped dead. Good: Sorry to hear your aunt passed away.

Know the best example of a speech community.

Those who speak American English

Understand examples of the relational function of language.

We use language to establish, define, and maintain relationships. We use small talk, scripted and superficial conversations based on social convention, when first establishing relationships.

Identify an example of personal space.

is most likely to be employed between two roommates engaged in casual conversation.

Know the Systems Theory.

is the idea that groups operate as systems, that is, as "sets of interacting components that together form something more than the sum of the parts" (Littlejohn and Foss, 2011, p. 50). In other words, members are interdependent.