Human Development-- Sigmund Freud

three levels of consciousness

conscious, pre-conscious, and unconcious

Who is Freud

Psychodynamic theorist; there are 5 psychological stages of development (personality), if you don't go through these stages, there is fixation. Focused on sexuality

Latency Stage

beginning of puberty: oedipus/electra complexes are resolved at the beginning of puberty; during this stage the child no longer has an issue with sexuality and is able to focus on school (focus on education and learning) and be active member of society

Oral Stage

birth to 18 month: Focused on receiving and taking Fixation- lead to personality disorder (schizophrenia, psychotic depression)

reaction formation

doing the opposite of what you actually want to do ; doing the opposite of what your deepest desires are ie. 16 year old female thinks she might be gay and is in love with her female best friend; may end up sleeping with alot of guys instead

Genital Stage

from puberty to death: person at this stage is able to love and work; involves mature sexuality; able to develop sexual relationships with others

limitations

no research; no resolution to electra complex; not very clear on the stages -- explanations are unclear; and theory is super old

identification

taking on the attitude, personality, attributes of a person that you see as a role model; copying someone that you would like to be ie. kid sees dad as role model, will copy everything dad does

repression

taking threatening thoughts, ideas, feelings and push them down to unconscious so you don't have to think about them anymore ie. really bad accident--got hit by a black car; you repressed that memory of that accident but for some reason you get nervous around black cars but don't know why

projection

taking unwanted thoughts and feelings and placing them on someone else as if its their thoughts and feelings; transference or countertransference ie. transference- you are angry at your partner. he is sitting there listening to you; you scream at him "why are you angry?" ie. countertransference- a client reminds you of 5 year old nephew; you treat the client with special attention

pre-conscious

things we are currently NOT thinking about but is easy to retrieve (moms maiden name, home address)

conscious

things we are currently thinking about now

denial

to completely disagree that something happened; to wipe it out of your memory; person genuinely does not have recollection of that feel, thought, or experience ie. i have never ever felt this way before. or i have never ever experienced this before

unconscious

trauma that we suppress but comes out in other ways--odd behaviors or nightmares (you don't know where its coming from)

regression

when an individual returns to an earlier phase of life that was easier and less stressful ie. 6 year old boy is doing well, but once he gets a new baby brother and has to share attention with baby brother, he may start to pee in bed again, want a pacifier, and want to sleep in a crib---older stage is more comforting to him

sublimation

when we change something that is not acceptable to something that is acceptable by channeling that energy into doing what is acceptable ie. kid has bad aggression --- sign him up for karate so he can release his energy that way

compensation

when we feel we are weak in one area and try to make up for it in another area; we try to get really good in another area or pretend that we are

rationalization

when you try to talk yourself into something by coming up with all kinds of ideas on why its a good idea ie. not studying for midterm, i don't want to study because i want to go to vegas, i will come up with all sorts of ideas about why not studying for midterm is a good idea, to justify that choice

Anal Stage

18 months to 3 years: practice retention---toilet training occurs, learning to hold and pass feces Fixation- messy, stubborn, rebellious or may be super clean and excessively punctual

Freud's defense mechanisms

9 of them: compensation, repression, sublimation, denial, identification, reaction formation, regression, projection, rationalization

Phallic Stage

Age 3 to 5: discover genitals and become aware of pleasure; learn to show off own body and look at other people's body; oedipux complex and electra complex occurs Fixation- these people tend to be more prideful, promiscuous, or self-hating

Oedipus Complex

For boys during the Phallic stage; boy falls in love with mother and sees father as enemy. Boy develop castration anxiety because they are afraid father will find out about his love for mother and castrate him. Boy eventually comes out of the complex and learn to look up to father and not see him as a threat

Electra Complex

For girls during the Phallic stage; girl falls in love with father and is jealous of mother. Girl has castration anxiety when she realizes that she does not have a penis (penis envy). Girl believes mother is the reason for her castration and will have penis envy forever. As a result of penis envy the girl will think of self as inferior to men and learn to be more docile.