Human Evolution Final

The earliest stone tools are approximately________years old. 1.8 million 500,000 7-8 million 2.5 million 1 million

2.5 million

Bonus: The skeleton of Ardipithecus ramidus ("Ardi") is how old? Question options: 1.8 million years 2.5 million years 4.4 million years 3.2 million years

4.4 million years

Bonus: Behaviorally modern humans-as evidenced by the archaeological record-appear: Question options: 10, 000 years ago 20-30,000 years ago 35,000 years ago 40-50,000 years ago About 100,000 years ago

40-50,000 years ago

According to your instructor monogamous pair bonding in humans can be viewed as: Question options: An evolutionary failure when compared to the mating strategies of other primates A phenomenon not subject to explanation by evolutionary principles A reproductive strategy to make a K-selected animal be more r-selected in terms of offspring production A reproductive strategy that evolved in an unchanging, competition-free environment A ridiculously inefficient means to achieve reproductive success

A reproductive strategy to make a K-selected animal be more r-selected in terms of offspring production

Hominids have been variably defined as having Question options: a large brain. tool making abilities. adaptations for bipedalism. all of these A and C only

All of these

What feature(s) convinced Raymond Dart that the Taung child was not an ape? Question options: The position of the foramen magnum, which indicated an erect posture. The fact that the canine teeth were quite small. The shape and orientation of the forehead. all of these none of these

All of these

"Lucy" is assigned to this genus/species: Question options: Australopithecus africanus Australopithecus robustus Australopithecus afarensis Australopithecus boisei Homo habilis

Australopithecus afarensis

Which of the following hominids has the most primitive (ancestral) traits? Question options: Homo habilis Australopithecus africanus Australopithecus robustus Australopithecus boisei Australopithecus afarensis

Australopithecus afarensis

STS-5 (Mrs Ples) A. afarensis A. africanus Homo habilis A. boisei (Paranthropus) Homo erectus

Australopithecus africanus

Taung Child A. afarensis A. africanus Homo habilis A. boisei (Paranthropus) Homo erectus

Australopithecus africanus

Which of the following is not considered a robust australopithecine? Australopithecus boisei Australopithecus anamensis Australopithecus aethiopicus Australopithecus robustus

Australopithecus anamensis

A sagittal crest is Question options: only present in some nonhuman primates. a characteristic of some "robust" australopithecines. a raised ridge of bone running along the midline of the cranium for the attachment of muscles. not present in any hominid fossils. Both B and C are true

Both B and C are true

Sahelanthropus was discovered in South Africa. East Africa. the Rift Valley. Central Africa. none of these

Central Africa

Bonus: The best evidence supporting the Multiregional hypothesis comes from: Question options: Europe Africa The Western U.S. China Mexico

China

Bonus: The on-line article was written by: Question options: C. Owen Lovejoy Donald C. Johanson An unknown hack science writer C. Loring Brace Louis B. Leakey

Donald C. Johanson

Most of the East African hominid fossil sites are located in what major geological feature? Question options: Mount Kenya Mediterranean Sea Nile River Valley East African Rift Valley Sahara desert

East African Rift Valley

The fraudulent Piltdown specimens that delayed the Taung Child's recognition as a hominid were discovered in Question options: Ethiopia Olduvai Gorge England The La Brea Tar pits South Africa

England

Evidence from the Nariokotome boy suggests that modern human growth patterns were already present in Homo erectus. True False

False

"Lucy" (AL-288) was found at Question options: Olduvai Gorge, in Tanzania Hadar, in Ethiopia Sterkfontein cave in South Africa Laetoli, in Tanzania Swartkrans cave in South Africa

Hadar, in Ethiopia

Y-5 molar pattern: Are molars that have the 4 cusps positioned in 2 parallel rows or lobes. Have 5 cusps with grooves running between them. Is characteristic of all primates. All are correct Both B & C.

Have 5 cusps with grooves running between them.

Which was the first hominid species to leave Africa? A. robustus H. habilis A. boisei H. erectus A. africanus

Homo erectus

ER-1470 A. afarensis A. africanus Homo habilis A. boisei (Paranthropus) Homo erectus

Homo habilis

____ was contemporaneous with the australopithecines but had a significantly larger brain. Question options: A. afarensis Aegyptopithecus Homo habilis A. africanus Ardipithecus

Homo habilis

Bonus: "The Upper Paleolithic lifestyle was based essentially on..." Question options: Hunting and gathering Fishing Artistic expression Agriculture The development of writing

Hunting and gathering

Hominid footprints preserved in volcanic ash deposits of 3.5 - 3.75 million years old were found at this site: Lake Turkana Laetoli Hadar Olduvai Gorge Sterkfontein

Laetoli

In South Africa, fossil-bearing geological deposits are composed of: Question options: granite volcanic rock limestone sandstone clay

Limestone

Bonus: This individual is a current proponent of the Multiregional Hypothesis: Question options: D.C. Johanson Teilhard de Chardin Maitland Edey Milford Wolpoff Raymond Dart

Milford Wolpoff

In which of these periods did the hominoid apes flourish and exhibit great diversity? Question options: Oligocene Eocene Pliocene Paleocene Miocene

Miocene

Bonus: mtDNA occurs in: Question options: Apes only Every organelle in a cell Mitochondria Triple-strand form Humans only

Mitochondria

The oldest "hyper-robust" australopithecine fossil Question options: is dated to 1.8 m.y.a. is nicknamed the "black skull." none of these

None of these

Recently discovered remains from the Tugen Hills, dated to about 6 million years ago have been placed in which genus? a) Sahelanthropus b) Australopithecus c) Paranthropus d) Ardipithecus e) Orrorin

Orrorin

ER-406 A. afarensis A. africanus Homo habilis A. boisei (Paranthropus) Homo erectus

Paranthropus boisei

OH-5 ("Zinjanthropus", "Zinj") A. afarensis A. africanus Homo habilis A. boisei (Paranthropus) Homo erectus

Paranthropus boisei

The first person to describe and classify an australopithecine fossil was Mary Leakey Louis Leakey Richard Leakey Raymond Dart Donald Johanson

Raymond Dart

The oldest POSSIBLE hominid found to date has been given the genus name Question options: Australopithecus. Sahelanthropus. Zinjanthropus. Ardipithecus. Orrorin.

Sahelanthropus.

The earliest hominid tools thus far discovered are made of Question options: bone stone iron ivory wood

Stone

Bonus: "All living humans derive from the species Homo erectus that left Africa nearly two million-years-ago" This statement reflects the position of: Question options: The Regional African Continuity Model All anthropologists The Multiregional Continuity Model The Creation Science Institute The Out of Africa Hypothesis

The Multiregional Continuity Model

Bonus: The idea that modern Homo sapiens evolved in Africa and then replaced other species of humans throughout the world is known as: Question options: The Neanderthal Conspiracy The Wenner-Gren Hypothesis The Out of Africa Hypothesis The Regional African Continuity Model The Multiregional Continuity Model

The Out of Africa Hypothesis

Some australopithecines are referred to as "robust" because: Question options: their cranial capacity had increased dramatically. they were much taller than their ancestors. they were probably much hairier than their ancestors. they possessed very large molar teeth and chewing muscles.

They possessed very large molar teeth and chewing muscles.

Australopithecus garhi has been proposed as a likely ancestor for Homo habilis. True False

True

Bonus: According to the author it is very likely that modern humans carry some Neanderthal genes in their DNA. Question options: TRUE FALSE

True

Bonus: It is agreed by almost all anthropologists that a skeleton from Portugal dated to 24,500 years represents a hybrid of Neanderthal and Modern human. True False

True

Some Neandertal skulls have cranial capacities that are larger than those of the average modern human. Question options: True False

True

The species Australopithecus africanus and it's associated "osteodontokeratic" (bone, teeth and horns) tools/culture complex Question options: Was proposed by Raymond Dart. Is a tool assemblage composed only of stone tools. Refers to the proposed use of horn, bone and teeth as tools by modern Homo sapiens Is proven to be a false interpretation because of the extraordinary Piltdown fossils.

Was proposed by Raymond Dart.

Some archaic Homo sapiens specimens resemble Homo erectus in having: Question options: employed finely made blade technology. a well-defined chin. cranial capacity in excess of 1,400 cc. a long, low cranial shape with large supraorbital tori.

a long, low cranial shape with large supraorbital tori.

In East Africa two distinct lineages of hominid co-existed for at least a million years. These two lineages are represented in the fossil record by specimens assigned to Question options: Australopithecus boisei and Zinjanthropus early Homo and Australopithecus boisei early Homo and Australopithecus afarensis Australopithecus africanus and Australopithecus afarensis Australopithecus robustus and Australopithecus afarensis

early Homo and Australopithecus boisei

The site known as Olduvai Gorge Question options: was discovered in 1992. is where Louis and Mary Leakey conducted their search for hominid fossils and found specimens like OH-5. has NOT produced any hominid fossils. has NOT produced any evidence of hominid tools.

is where Louis and Mary Leakey conducted their search for hominid fossils and found specimens like OH-5.

The robust australopithecines had a diet likely composed mostly of Question options: fruits small mammals seeds and other tough plant materials insects large mammals

seeds and other tough plant materials

Anatomical changes in hominids that are indicative of habitual bipedal locomotion include Question options: feet with opposable big toes for grasping. shortening and broadening of the pelvis. increased length of arms relative to legs. increased length of the spine. all of these

shortening and broadening of the pelvis.