Human Geography Test 1

Although the first GPS satellite was put into orbit in the ___________, GPS did not provide global coverage until _______.

1970 s; 1995

As Figure 1.2 in your book shows, ancient scholars believed that all natural objects, including humans, were made up of ______ elements in varying degrees.

4

Studies conducted in Zambia indicate that there are ______ traditional healers for every allopathic doctor in the country.

44

Today, there are __________ multinational corporations (MNCs).

82,000

Which of the following: statements about culture is incorrect?

Culture is never tied to politics.

___________ refers to the degree in which two or more phenomena share similar distributions.

Spatial association

Social capital can be defined as the_____.

The social ties, networks, institutions, and trust that members of a group used to achieve mutual benefits.

Traditional medicine is usually contrasted with ________________, sometimes called modern or Western medicine.

allopathic medicine

A formal region is:

an area that possesses one or more unifying cultural or physical traits.

A functional region is:

an area unified by a specific social, cultural, or economic activity.

When one place or region can supply the demand for resources or goods in another place or region this is called ________________.

complementarity

What term is sometimes described as the adoption of traditional medicine within an allopathic system?

complementary and alternative medicine (CAM)

The Chinese art and science of situating settlements or designing cultural landscapes in order to harmonize the cosmic forces of nature with the build environment is known as _______________, and it is an example of mystical ecology.

feng shui

The process through which multinational corporations transfer money from their home countries to foreign or host countries to finance their overseas business activities is known as:

foreign direct investment.

Figure 2.7 in your textbook shows a McDonald s menu in India, where cows are sacred to Hindus while Muslims avoid consuming pork. Therefore an Indian menu often features the McVeggie and a variety of other vegetarian options but no beef or pork products. Which thesis of globalization does this represent?

glocalization

Enterprises, such as museums, monuments, and historical and archaeological sites that manage or market the past constitute:

heritage industry.

In Figure 1.9B in your textbook shows high poverty rates in Vietnam coincide with

high forest cover

A _____________ approach to medicine sees health as encompassing all aspects physical, mental, social, and spiritual--of a person's life.

holistic

What concept is widely understood to bring Americanization?

homogenization

The term Coca-Colonization;

implies that the hegemony of multinational corporations (MNCs) creates a set of power

Figure 2.4b in your text book illustrates the opening of Wal-Mart stores. What type of diffusion does this represent?

reverse hierarchical

Despite the debate over the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI), flows of FDI have increased dramatically since the 1990s, largely in tandem with the growth of multinational corporations (MNCs).

true

Distribution is the arrangement of phenomena on or near Earth s surface

true

Environmental determinism prevailed among American geographers during the early 20th century and then fell quickly into disfavor.

true

Globalization propels and is propelled by spatial interaction.

true

Heritage dissonance expresses the idea that the meaning and value of heritage vary from group to group.

true

Like the friction of distance, intervening opportunities can alter the spatial interaction between places.

true

Local knowledge is usually transmitted orally and is rarely written down.

true

Nature is the physical environment; it is external to people and does not include them.

true

Relative space is defined less by precise boundaries and more by contingency--- the idea that the outcome of human interaction and perceptions depends on who and what are involved.

true

The basis for the distinction between folk and popular culture stems from social changes related to the rise of capitalism and the spread of industrialization.

true

The diffusion of H1N1 flu since April 2009 provides a good example of spatial diffusion.

true

The late-18th-century Pacific voyages of Captain Cook helped increase the popularity of tattooing among Westerners.

true

There is always a dynamic relationship between local and global forces such that local forces become globalized and global forces become localized.

true

Under the direction of the Oppenheimer family in the 20th century, De Beers established a diamond cartel that controlled the supply of diamonds and therefore the demand for them.

true

Understanding how and why the South differs from New England culturally, economically, and politically is an example of regional analysis.

true

The common structures dwellings, building, barns, churches, and so on associated with a particular place, time, and community are referred to by what term?

vernacular architecture

The polarization thesis is tied to the notion that economic processes shape cultural practices.

false

The term spatial diffusion was first coined by geographer Edward Ullman in 1954.

false

Many scholars believe that we will witness a complete homogenization of culture or landscape.

False

Which of the following is not a factor that has encouraged globalization?

Increased business costs

Which of the following is not a reason why the World Heritage List has been criticized?

It raises awareness of the global cultural resources and sometimes triggers the development of new tourist sites.

The Maori are the indigenous peoples of:

New Zealand.

Until 2006, tattoo parlors were banned from _____________ even though they were legal in other states.

Oklahoma

In 2008, each of the three largest multinational corporations--________________, ________________, and _______________--earned revenues in excess of $400 billion.

Royal Dutch Shell, Exxon Mobil, Wal-Mart

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technology can help solve social problems.

True

Globalization stems from the expansion of capitalism and international trade.

True

Istanbul s growth as a major port stems from attributes of its site and situation along an important strait, as seen in Figure 1.7 in your textbook.

True

Power, identity, and class are invisible dimensions in the establishment of the gated community depicted in Figure 1.6 from your textbook.

True

The term geoslavery has been coined to reflect issues that have been raised due to GPS technology.

True

The movement to protect and preserve world heritage gathered momentum in the 1960s and 1970s and has been led by what organization?

UNESCO

Neolocalism is

a term coined by James R Shortridge to describe a renewed interest in sustaining and promoting the uniqueness of a place.

A body of thought that emphasizes that humans and nonhumans are linked together in a dynamic set of relations that, in turn, influence human behavior is known as:

actor-network theory.

An important subfield within human geography that studies the relationship between people and the natural environment is:

cultural ecology.

The tapering off of a process, pattern, or event over a distance is known as:

distance decay.

Physical geography focuses primarily on:

environmental dynamics.

An intertwining opportunity is a different location that can provide a desired good more economically.

false

Commodification is limited to material culture.

false

Developments in Algeria were among the first to draw attention to the problem of conflict diamonds.

false

Geographers recognize four different types of diffusion: relocation, contagious, hierarchical, and simultaneous.

false

Hierarchical diffusion is completely random.

false

In the 19th century, when a two-part classification of folk society and urban society was initially conceived, folk society was synonymous with civilization and urban society was associated with preindustrial society.

false

Political ecology studies how political forces and competition for resources influence human behavior.

false

Possibilism is not one of the four ways that geographers conceptualize the relationship between people and nature.

false

Scholars stress that globalization is unidirectional from the West to the rest of the world.

false

Since foreign direct investment (FDI) helps a company improve its business, the main benefactor is the host country, not the multinational corporation (MNC).

false

The World Heritage List has been criticized for its role in raising awareness of the global cultural resources and sometimes triggering the development of new tourist sites.

false

The actor-network theory represents that our surroundings have no influence on us, as illustrated in Figure 1.3 in your textbook.

false

The advertising slogan a diamond is forever was first launched in the United States by Tiffany's in 1947.

false

The billboard shown in Figure 1.5c in your textbook is located in Chickasaw Country. This region is a formal region.

false

The intellectual roots of environmental determinism can be traced back to the ancient Romans, who speculated that human diversity resulted from both climatic and locational factors.

false

The most common system used for indirect georeferencing is latitude and longitude.

false

The collective knowledge of a community that derives from the everyday activities of its members is known as what?

local knowledge

The most common type of relocation diffusion is:

migration

What makes actor-network theory so radical is that it challenges the idea that:

people have free will.

The borders of a __________ tend to be highly contested since people often have very personal reasons for perceiving an area a certain way.

perceptual regions

A location distinguished by specific physical and cultural characteristics is a

place

A study of South African villages found that men, especially those 50 years of age or older, tended to have an extensive knowledge of __________ for medicines.

plant resources

Reactions against environmental determinism in the early 20th century gave rise to ________, the view that people use their creativity to decide how to respond to the conditions or constraints of a particular natural environment.

possibilism

Acquiring information about something that is located at a distance from you is known as:

remote sensing

The significance of the reconceptualization of culture is that it:

seeks to make the practice of human geography even more vigorous.

A word which means the physical characteristics of a place, such as its topography, vegetation, and water resources is _________.

site

World heritage refers to

sites perceived to have outstanding universal value for all of humanity.

The degree to which two or more phenomena share similar distributions is known as _____________.

spatial association

______________is the movement of a phenomenon across space and over time.

spatial diffusion

Complementarity exists because of

spatial variation

Regional analysis involves:

studying the distinctiveness of regions.

Because local knowledge provides a framework for individual and community problem solving, not only on a day-to-day basis but also over the long term, it contributes to and informs_______________.

sustainable development

Even though the concept of globalization has long existed, use of the word globalization did not become commonplace until:

the 1980s.

The term globalization refers to:

the idea that global and local forces interact and that both are changed in the process.

A good example of relative space and its contingent character is:

the space of trade.

The sociologist Anthony Giddens argues that the same technological innovations that lead to time-space convergence also create:

time-space distanciation.

The world geography means:

to write about Earth.

The oldest form of medicine practiced by humankind is:

traditional medicine.

The cost of moving a good and the ability of the good to withstand that cost is called____________.

transferability

A musical instrument is an example of material culture.

true

Cultural ecology is an important subfield within human geography which studies the relationship between people and the natural environment.

true

Cultural geographers note that consumption both influences and is influenced by culture.

true

Cultural geography is a branch of human geography that emphasizes human beliefs and activities and how they impact others, utilize the environment, and change the landscape.

true