Human hereditary ch.11 quiz #7
The ability of DNA polymerase to repair its own nucleotide mismatches is called ____
proofreading
A purine or pyrimidine that differs in chemical structure from those normally found in DNA or RNA is called a(n) ______
Base analog
A promoter is a regulatory region located at the _____.
Beginning of a gene
Mutations are changes in the nucleotide sequence of DNA that____
Can be passed onto daughter cells
A cell that accumulates a lot of mutational damage to its DNA may escape the normal controls of the cell cycle and become ______
Cancer
Insertion or deletion of a nucleotide in a gene causes a type of mutation called a(n) ______ mutation.
Frameshift
Identical twins have identical ____, but they do not always have identical _____.
Genotypes; phenotypes
Mutation rates of human genes are expressed as a human number of ______
Mutated alleles per gene in each generation
Control systems in the cell can induce cell suicide, or apoptosis, in cells with excessive DNA damage. True or false?
True
Most often, radiation doses are expressed in terms of damage. True or false?
True
PBDEs have been linked directly to cancer in test animals. True or false?
True
New___ mutations can often be detected by examining the inheritance of the trait in males.
X-linked
Mutagenic chemicals that _____ and are incorporated into DNA or RNA during synthesis are called base analogs.
resemble nucleotides
PBDEs are ___
Banned in many European countries but permitted in most states in the United States
When ___ is incorporated into DNA or RNA during synthesis, it will create a(n) ____.
5-bromouracil; nucleotide substitution mutation
What occurs in a missense mutation?
A single amino acid is substituted for another in a protein.
If a genetic disorder appears in a family with no prior history, and is fully expressed by everyone caring that allele, it is most likely a(n) ____ Travis
Autosomal dominant
Many cases of epigenetic modification involve adding a methyl group to the DNA in promoters, a process called_____.
DNA methylation
Several genetic disorders, including franconi anemia telangiectasia, are caused by mutations in____
DNA repair genes
Sense mutation procedure____
Elongated proteins
Genetic and printing is caused by_____
Epigenetic changes to DNA
Several lines of research provide strong evidence that____ two environmental signals influence behavior.
Epigenetic responses
Halogen-containing organic compounds persist in the environment for approximately five years. True or false?
False
Mutations in germ cells are passed on only to other germ cells in members of future generations. True or false?
False
Nonsense mutations change termination codons into amino acid codons. True or false?
False
People with cystic fibrosis display a single phenotype for the disorder. True or false
False
Frame shift mutations change the number of ______ in the gene and usually causes large scale changes in the ____ sequence of the protein.
Nucleotides; amino acid
What is the largest single source of radiation exposure for the average person in the US?
Radon
Nucleotide substitutions are mutations that alter the ______, but not the_____, of nucleotides in a DNA molecule.
Sequence; number
Because there was no previous history of hemophilia in Queen Victoria's family, and because she transmitted the mutant allele to a number of her children, it is reasonable to assume that_____
She was a heterozygous carrier
Mutations in____ cells will be passed on by cell division, but cannot be transmitted to future generation.
Somatic
In sickle cell anemia, affected individuals carry ____?
The same single nucleotide substitution
A mutation of an autosomal recessive trait can remain undetected for generations. True or false?
True
Beck with Wiedemann syndrome is a cell growth disorder that causes enlarged organs, high birth weight, and predisposition to cancer. True or false?
True
As radiation strikes molecules in cells, it creates ____.
charged atoms called ions
As DNA polymerase synthesizes a new DNA strand, it can ____.
detect an incorrect nucleotide