Human Physiology Exam 4

Which of the following would you expect to find in a person with type 0- blood 1.) Anti-A antibodies 2.) B antigen 3.) Anti-B antibodies 4.) A antigen 5.) Anti-Rh antibodies 6.) Rh antigen

1.) Anti-A antibodies 3.) Anti-B antibodies 5.) Anti-Rh antibodies

Which of the following would you expect to find in a person with type 0+ blood 1.) Anti-B antibodies 2.) A antigen 3.) Anti-Rh antibodies 4.) B antigen 5.) Anti-A antibodies 6.) Rh antigen

1.) Anti-B antibodies 5.) Anti-A antibodies 6.) Rh antigen

Which of the following would you expect to find in a person with type B+ blood 1.) B antigen 2.) A antigen 3.) Anti-Rh antibodies 4.) Rh antigen 5.) Anti-A antibodies 6.) Anti-B antibodies

1.) B antigen 4.) Rh antigen 5.) Anti-A antibodies

Mr. Saunders has been diagnosed with bundle branch block following an infection in his heart. This means that action potential propagation through the bundle of His is compromised. Which of the following would be TRUE? 1.) There would be a slowing of the frequency of contraction of the ventricles. 2.) The ventricles would contract more frequently than the atria. 3.) The SA node would no longer set the pace for ventricular contraction. 4.) The Purkinje fibers would not receive their typical action potential frequency from the bundle branches. 5.) The atria and ventricles would no longer beat in synchrony.

1.) There would be a slowing of the frequency of contraction of the ventricles. 3.) The SA node would no longer set the pace for ventricular contraction. 4.) The Purkinje fibers would not receive their typical action potential frequency from the bundle branches. 5.) The atria and ventricles would no longer beat in synchrony.

Which of the following would you expect to find in a person with type A- blood 1.) B antigen 2.) Anti-B antibodies 3.) Anti-Rh antibodies 4.) Anti-A antibodies 5.) Rh antigen 6.) A antigen

2.) Anti-B antibodies 3.) Anti-Rh antibodies 6.) A antigen

Which of the following would you expect to find in a person with type A+ blood 1.) Anti-A antibodies 2.) Rh antigen 3.) Anti-B antibodies 4.) A antigen 5.) B antigen 6.) Anti-Rh antibodies

2.) Rh antigen 3.) Anti-B antibodies 4.) A antigen

Distinguishing characteristics of veins include which of the following? A.) All veins carry blood toward the heart. B.) All veins carry deoxygenated blood. C.) Veins have walls consisting only of endothelial cells. D.) All veins have thick, elastic walls. E.) All veins have valves to ensure one-way movement of blood.

A.) All veins carry blood toward the heart.

The plateau of the action potential in cardiac ventricular cells results from the opening of voltage-gated long-lasting __________ channels in the plasma membrane of the cell. A.) Ca 2+ B.) Na + C.) glucose D.) K + E.) Cl -

A.) Ca 2+

Which of the following statements about the cardiac cycle is TRUE? A.) Closure of the atrioventricular valves occurs at the beginning of ventricular systole. B.) The QRS complex occurs at approximately the same time as the closure of the semilunar valves. C.) During isovolumetric ventricular relaxation, blood flows from the atria into the ventricles. D.) The first valves to go from closed to open after the atrial kick are the atrioventricular valves. E.) The duration of systole is greater than that of diastole in a subject at rest.

A.) Closure of the atrioventricular valves occurs at the beginning of ventricular systole.

Which of the following statements is true? A.) In one day, more fluid exits the capillary through filtration than enters through reabsorption. B.) In one day, approximately 35 mm of blood are filtered and 7 mm are reabsorbed. C.) In one day, the capillaries of the lymphatic system absorb about 20.4 liters of fluid. D.) None of the above are true.

A.) In one day, more fluid exits the capillary through filtration than enters through reabsorption.

A consequence of inflammation is increased capillary filtration and edema, which causes swelling and pain. A.) True B.) False

A.) True

A major difference between cardiac muscle cells and the cells in the cardiac conducting system is that the contractile cells do not undergo spontaneous depolarization. A.) True B.) False

A.) True

Chemical mediators released from platelet granules and plasma membranes stimulate contraction of vascular smooth muscle. A.) True B.) False

A.) True

One mechanism for inhibiting inflammation would be a drug that blocks the release of histamine. A.) True B.) False

A.) True

The myocardial cells receive their blood supply from the coronary arteries that branch off from the aorta. A.) True B.) False

A.) True

The force the heart must overcome to pump blood is known as ________. A.) afterload B.) stroke volume C.) cardiac output D.) preload

A.) afterload

Which of these is a vasoconstrictor? A.) angiotensin II B.) nitric oxide C.) natriuretic hormone D.) bradykinin

A.) angiotensin II

A molecule of hemoglobin ________. A.) consists of four globin proteins, each bound to a molecule of heme B.) can carry up to 120 molecules of oxygen C.) contains four glycoprotein units studded with oxygen D.) is shaped like a biconcave disk packed almost entirely with iron

A.) consists of four globin proteins, each bound to a molecule of heme

After prolonged exertion in a hot climate, baroreceptors would __________ firing, leading to __________ secretion of __________ and thus __________ renal reabsorption of __________. A.) decrease; increased; vasopressin; increased; water B.) decrease; increased; renin; decreased; Na + C.) decrease; decreased; vasopressin; increased; water D.) increase; increased; renin; increased; Na + E.) increase; decreased; vasopressin; decreased; water

A.) decrease; increased; vasopressin; increased; water

Which of the following plasma proteins is not produced by the liver? A.) immunoglobulin B.) fibrinogen C.) alpha globulin D.) beta globulin

A.) immunoglobulin

A healthy elastic artery ________. A.) is compliant B.) reduces blood flow C.) is a resistance artery D.) has a thin wall and irregular lumen

A.) is compliant

Which valve separates the left atrium from the left ventricle? A.) mitral B.) tricuspid C.) pulmonary D.) aortic

A.) mitral

Enhanced phagocytosis of a cell by the binding of a specific protein is called ________. A.) opsonization B.) endocytosis C.) complement activation D.) anaphylaxis

A.) opsonization

Which of the following signs is not characteristic of inflammation? A.) pustules B.) pain C.) swelling D.) redness

A.) pustules

Which of the following lists the valves in the order through which the blood flows from the vena cava through the heart? A.) tricuspid, pulmonary semilunar, bicuspid, aortic semilunar B.) mitral, pulmonary semilunar, bicuspid, aortic semilunar C.) aortic semilunar, pulmonary semilunar, tricuspid, bicuspid D.) bicuspid, aortic semilunar, tricuspid, pulmonary semilunar

A.) tricuspid, pulmonary semilunar, bicuspid, aortic semilunar

The endothelium is found in the ________. A.) tunica intima B.) tunica media C.) tunica externa D.) lumen

A.) tunica intima

What determines the movement of blood in systemic veins? A.) The blood pressure difference between systemic capillaries and the right atrium B.) All of the these C.) The contraction and relaxation of skeletal muscles D.) Valves in the veins E.) The decrease of thoracic pressure and increase of abdominal pressure due to diaphragm movement

B.) All of the these

Which of the following statements is true? A.) The longer the vessel, the lower the resistance and the greater the flow. B.) As blood volume decreases, blood pressure and blood flow also decrease. C.) Increased viscosity increases blood flow. D.) All of the above are true.

B.) As blood volume decreases, blood pressure and blood flow also decrease.

Which hormone does the kidney produce that stimulates red blood cell production? A.) vitamin D B.) EPO C.) thrombopoietin D.) renin

B.) EPO

Which of the following formed elements would you expect to find in greater abundance during parasitic infections? A.) Small lymphocytes B.) Eosinophils C.) Neutrophils D.) Thrombocytes

B.) Eosinophils

A drug that completely inhibits the production of antibodies will have no effect on phagocytosis. A.) True B.) False

B.) False

An adult with their thymus removed would have a marked decline in B cell maturation and B cell effector responses. A.) True B.) False

B.) False

Which of the following factors would NOT tend to increase systemic arterial blood pressure? A.) Increased blood volume B.) Increased parasympathetic stimulation C.) Increased venous return D.) Increased activity of the skeletal muscle pump E.) Increased sympathetic stimulation

B.) Increased parasympathetic stimulation

In a healthy young adult, what happens to cardiac output when heart rate increases above 160 bpm? A.) It increases. B.) It decreases. C.) It remains constant. D.) There is no way to predict.

B.) It decreases.

Which is TRUE about the hormone vasopressin (also known as antidiuretic hormone, ADH)? A.) It stimulates the excretion of K + in the urine. B.) It triggers insertion of aquaporins into the apical membranes of collecting duct cells. C.) Its main function is to trigger the secretion of aldosterone. D.) It is a peptide hormone released from the adrenal gland. E.) It promotes the excretion of more water in the urine.

B.) It triggers insertion of aquaporins into the apical membranes of collecting duct cells.

Which occurs during isovolumetric ventricular contraction? A.) Ventricular pressure reaches its maximum value of the cardiac cycle. B.) No blood enters or leaves the ventricles. C.) The maximum volume of blood is ejected. D.) The pressure in the ventricles decreases while the pressure in the atria increases. E.) Rapid filling of the ventricles occurs.

B.) No blood enters or leaves the ventricles.

Your patient has a normal helper T cell count, but very little helper T cell activity. Which of the following scenarios may explain this observation? A.) She is HIV positive. B.) She has a mutation in her MHC II proteins making them ineffective. C.) She has low antibody activity. D.) She has a mutation in the gene for perforin and makes an ineffective version of this molecule. E.) None of these answers would explain the observations seen in this patient.

B.) She has a mutation in her MHC II proteins making them ineffective.

You are dissecting a species of amphibian that has just been discovered in the rainforest. You find a blood vessel where the blood travels at a low pressure and velocity. If the frog is in an upright position, blood flow through this vessel would also be against gravity. Anatomically, what do you expect of this blood vessel? A.) A thick muscular wall B.) Valves that allow only one-way flow of blood C.) All of the answers are correct D.) A high degree of compliance E.) Large wall to lumen ratio

B.) Valves that allow only one-way flow of blood

Interleukins are associated primarily with which of the following? A.) production of various lymphocytes B.) all of the above C.) immune responses D.) inflammation

B.) all of the above

The taking in of antigen and digesting it for later presentation is called ________. A.) exocytosis B.) antigen processing C.) antigen presentation D.) endocytosis

B.) antigen processing

The coronary arteries branch off of the ________. A.) aortic valve B.) ascending aorta C.) aortic arch D.) thoracic aorta

B.) ascending aorta

Most blood enters the ventricle during ________. A.) atrial systole B.) atrial diastole C.) ventricular systole D.) isovolumic contraction

B.) atrial diastole

Which type of immune response is most directly effective against bacteria? A.) natural killer cells B.) complement C.) helper T cells D.) cytotoxic T cells

B.) complement

In a blood pressure measurement of 110/70, the number 70 is the ________. A.) systolic pressure B.) diastolic pressure C.) pulse pressure D.) mean arterial pressure

B.) diastolic pressure

Closer to the heart, arteries would be expected to have a higher percentage of ________. A.) endothelium B.) elastic fibers C.) collagenous fibers D.) smooth muscle fibers

B.) elastic fibers

The ________ layer secretes chemicals that help to regulate ionic environments and strength of contraction and serve as powerful vasoconstrictors. A.) pericardial sac B.) endocardium C.) myocardium D.) epicardium

B.) endocardium

Which of the following cells is important in the innate immune response? A.) B cells B.) macrophages C.) T cells D.) plasma cells

B.) macrophages

The cardiovascular centers are located in which area of the brain? A.) cerebrum B.) medulla oblongata C.) mesencephalon (midbrain) D.) pons

B.) medulla oblongata

Which of the following best describes veins? A.) thick walled, small lumens, low pressure, lack valves B.) thin walled, large lumens, low pressure, have valves C.) thin walled, small lumens, high pressure, have valves D.) thick walled, large lumens, high pressure, lack valves

B.) thin walled, large lumens, low pressure, have valves

Ventricular relaxation immediately follows ________. A.) atrial depolarization B.) ventricular repolarization C.) ventricular depolarization D.) atrial repolarization

B.) ventricular repolarization

If there were no aquaporin channels in the collecting duct, ________. A.) you would develop systemic edema B.) you would suffer severe dehydration C.) you would lose vitamins and electrolytes D.) you would retain excess Na+

B.) you would suffer severe dehydration

What causes the opening and closing of the heart valves? A.) The action of the papillary muscles and chordae tendineae B.) Turbulent flow in the atria and ventricles C.) A pressure difference on the two sides of the valve D.) Stimulation by the sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves E.) Na +and K + fluxes during ventricular depolarization

C.) A pressure difference on the two sides of the valve

Which of the following statements regarding blood-type incompatibilities between a mother and her fetus is TRUE? A.) An Rh-negative fetus may be at risk if its mother is Rh-positive. B.) The risk to an Rh-positive fetus of an Rh-negative mother is lessened if she has previously carried an Rh-negative fetus. C.) An Rh-positive fetus may be at risk if its mother is Rh-negative. D.) A fetus with type B blood may be at risk if its mother has type O blood. E.) The greatest risk to a fetus occurs when both mother and fetus are Rh-positive.

C.) An Rh-positive fetus may be at risk if its mother is Rh-negative.

Which is typically present in a person with type O blood? A.) Erythrocytes with both type A antigen and type B antigen B.) Erythrocytes carrying type B antigen C.) Both anti-A and anti-B antibodies in the plasma D.) Plasma that has neither anti-A nor anti-B antibodies E.) Erythrocytes carrying type A antigen

C.) Both anti-A and anti-B antibodies in the plasma

Which of the following is a positive inotrope? A.) Na+ B.) K+ C.) Ca2+ D.) both Na+ and K+

C.) Ca2+

All of the following substances are present in proximal tubular fluid in the kidney, but which one is NOT normally present in urine? A.) HPO42- B.) H + C.) Glucose D.) Ca 2+ E.) K +

C.) Glucose

Which of the following phagocytes would you expect to find in greater abundance during bacterial infections? A.) Eosinophils B.) Thrombocytes C.) Neutrophils D.) Small lymphocytes

C.) Neutrophils

Which of the following is unique to cardiac muscle cells? A.) Only cardiac muscle contains a sarcoplasmic reticulum. B.) Only cardiac muscle has gap junctions. C.) Only cardiac muscle is capable of autorhythmicity D.) Only cardiac muscle has a high concentration of mitochondria.

C.) Only cardiac muscle is capable of autorhythmicity

You are learning to read electrocardiograms. You know that the patient you are examining has a pathology affecting the depolarization of his ventricles, therefore you're looking for a change in what portion of his EKG? A.) The T wave B.) The P wave C.) The QRS complex D.) "The P wave" or "The T wave" but not "The QRS complex". E.) None of these would be altered

C.) The QRS complex

Which of the following statements is true? A.) The left and right common carotid arteries both branch off of the brachiocephalic trunk. B.) The brachial artery is the distal branch of the axillary artery. C.) The radial and ulnar arteries join to form the palmar arch. D.) All of the above are true.

C.) The radial and ulnar arteries join to form the palmar arch.

Which of the following describes a neutrophil? A.) rare, agranular, releases antimicrobial defensins B.) rare, granular, contains multiple granules packed with histamine C.) abundant, granular, especially effective against bacteria D.) abundant, agranular, especially effective against cancer cells

C.) abundant, granular, especially effective against bacteria

In the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism, ________. A.) decreased blood pressure prompts the release of renin from the liver B.) aldosterone prompts increased urine output C.) aldosterone prompts the kidneys to reabsorb sodium D.) all of these are correct

C.) aldosterone prompts the kidneys to reabsorb sodium

Action potentials in the heart spread from cell to cell through A.) desmosomes. B.) valves. C.) gap junctions. D.) coronary vessels. E.) interneurons.

C.) gap junctions.

Which of the following is not important in the antiviral innate immune response? A.) natural killer cells B.) interferons C.) gap junctions. D.) complement

C.) gap junctions.

Hemophilia is characterized by ________. A.) inadequate production of heparin B.) excessive production of platelets C.) inadequate production of clotting factors D.) excessive production of fibrinogen

C.) inadequate production of clotting factors

Which enzymes in macrophages are important for clearing intracellular bacteria? A.) metabolic B.) mitochondrial C.) lysosomal D.) nuclear

C.) lysosomal

B cells that differentiate during an initial immune response but remain dormant until being activated during a subsequent exposure to an antigen are called A.) monocytes. B.) macrophages. C.) memory cells. D.) T cells. E.) cytokines.

C.) memory cells.

Of the three germ layers that give rise to all adult tissues and organs, which gives rise to the heart? A.) ectoderm B.) endoderm C.) mesoderm D.) placenta

C.) mesoderm

Which of the following cells would be most active in early and nonspecific immune responses the first time one is exposed to pathogen? A.) T cell B.) macrophage C.) natural killer cell D.) neutrophil

C.) natural killer cell

An especially leaky type of capillary found in the liver and certain other tissues is called a ________. A.) capillary bed B.) fenestrated capillary C.) sinusoid capillary D.) metarteriole

C.) sinusoid capillary

Which of the following formed elements would you expect to find in greater abundance during episodes of seasonal allergies? A.) Small lymphocytes B.) Thrombocytes C.) Eosinophils D.) Basophils E.) Neutrophils

D.) Basophils

Which of the following statements concerning the capillaries is FALSE? A.) It is possible for a capillary to filter fluid at its arterial end and absorb fluid at its venous end. B.) Velocity of blood flow is slower in the capillaries than in the arteries. C.) Large proteins that escape capillaries and enter the interstitial fluid are returned to the circulation via the lymphatic system. D.) Increasing capillary hydrostatic pressure decreases the likelihood that filtration will occur. E.) Large capillary pores are more likely to be found in liver capillaries than in brain capillaries.

D.) Increasing capillary hydrostatic pressure decreases the likelihood that filtration will occur.

What happens to preload when there is venous constriction in the veins? A.) It remains constant. B.) It decreases. C.) There is no way to predict. D.) It increases.

D.) It increases.

Which of the following statements about blood clotting is FALSE? A.) It is a result of a cascade of enzyme activation. B.) It occurs after formation of a platelet plug in a damaged vessel. C.) It involves positive feedback by thrombin. D.) It requires the presence of erythrocytes. E.) It is the formation of a thrombus.

D.) It requires the presence of erythrocytes.

In a patient with decreased production of plasma proteins, which of the following would be TRUE? A.) Less fluid than usual will flow out of the capillary based on the osmotic pressure. B.) Less fluid than usual will flow out of the capillary based on the hydrostatic pressure. C.) More fluid than usual will flow out of the capillary based on the hydrostatic pressure. D.) More fluid than usual will flow out of the capillary based on the osmotic pressure.

D.) More fluid than usual will flow out of the capillary based on the osmotic pressure.

Which of the following statements regarding Ca2+ homeostasis is TRUE? A.) Vitamin D decreases the renal tubular reabsorption of Ca 2+. B.) Parathyroid hormone directly stimulates Ca 2+ absorption from the GI tract. C.) When plasma Ca 2+ increases above normal, the secretion of parathyroid hormone increases. D.) Parathyroid hormone directly stimulates Ca 2+ reabsorption by the kidneys. E.) In the absence of parathyroid hormone, plasma Ca 2+ levels would be abnormally low resulting in the hyperpolarization of nerve and muscle membranes.

D.) Parathyroid hormone directly stimulates Ca 2+ reabsorption by the kidneys.

What is hemostasis? A.) A protein inside red blood cells that binds oxygen with high affinity B.) The maintenance of relatively stable conditions in the internal environment C.) A disease in which blood clot formation is impaired D.) The prevention or stoppage of blood loss E.) The set point for normal arterial blood pressure

D.) The prevention or stoppage of blood loss

Consider the equation F = ΔP/R. It describes the flow (F) of fluid in a tube in which there is a pressure difference (ΔP) between the two ends and a resistance (R) to flow. Based on this equation, which is a correct conclusion? A.) The greater the resistance to flow in a tube, the greater the rate of flow for any given pressure difference. B.) The rate of flow in a tube will decrease if the resistance to flow is decreased. C.) The flow of fluid in a tube depends upon the absolute pressure at the beginning of the tube. D.) The rate of fluid flow in a tube will increase if the pressure at the beginning is increased while the pressure at the end of the tube stays the same. E.) If both the resistance and the pressure gradient in a tube increase, the flow must also increase.

D.) The rate of fluid flow in a tube will increase if the pressure at the beginning is increased while the pressure at the end of the tube stays the same.

Which is correct about the contraction sequence of the heart? A.) The atria and ventricles begin their contractions at the exact same time, but the atrial contraction only lasts half as long as the ventricle contraction. B.) The right atrium and ventricle contract at the same time, and as they are relaxing, the left atrium and left ventricle begin to contract. C.) The contraction and relaxation of all four chambers happen at the same time. D.) The two atria contract at the same time, and as they are relaxing, the two ventricles contract together. E.) Contraction begins in the order: right atrium, then right ventricle, then left atrium, then left ventricle.

D.) The two atria contract at the same time, and as they are relaxing, the two ventricles contract together.

The process in which antibodies attach to antigens, causing the formation of masses of linked cells, is called ________. A.) coagulation B.) hemolysis C.) sensitization D.) agglutination

D.) agglutination

Platelets participate in hemostasis by A.) secreting nitric oxide and releasing chemicals that promote vasoconstriction. B.) aggregating to form a plug and manufacturing fibrinogen. C.) secreting prostacyclin, which prevents platelet aggregation on blood vessel endothelium. D.) aggregating to form a plug and releasing chemicals that promote vasoconstriction. E.) secreting tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) whenever they come into contact with collagen.

D.) aggregating to form a plug and releasing chemicals that promote vasoconstriction.

Hemolytic disease of the newborn is a risk during a subsequent pregnancy in which ________. A.) an Rh+ mother is carrying an Rh− fetus B.) a type AB mother is carrying a type O fetus C.) a type O mother is carrying a type AB fetus D.) an Rh− mother is carrying a second Rh+ fetus

D.) an Rh− mother is carrying a second Rh+ fetus

T and B lymphocytes ________. A.) proliferate excessively in leukopenia B.) are polymorphonuclear C.) are most active against parasitic worms D.) are involved with specific immune function

D.) are involved with specific immune function

A patient has been experiencing severe, persistent allergy symptoms that are reduced when she takes an antihistamine. Before the treatment, this patient was likely to have had increased activity of which leukocyte? A.) neutrophils B.) monocytes C.) natural killer cells D.) basophils

D.) basophils

The influx of which ion accounts for the plateau phase? A.) sodium B.) potassium C.) chloride D.) calcium

D.) calcium

Which type of T cell is most effective against viruses? A.) regulatory T cells B.) Th1 C.) Th2 D.) cytotoxic T cells

D.) cytotoxic T cells

Which of the following is not important in preventing backflow of blood? A.) chordae tendineae B.) papillary muscles C.) AV valves D.) endocardium

D.) endocardium

The earliest organ to form and begin function within the developing human is the ________. A.) brain B.) stomach C.) lungs D.) heart

D.) heart

Slight vasodilation in an arteriole prompts a ________. A.) slight increase in resistance B.) huge increase in resistance C.) slight decrease in resistance D.) huge decrease in resistance

D.) huge decrease in resistance

Which of the following leads to the redness of inflammation? A.) complement activation B.) anaphylactic shock C.) increased vascular permeability D.) increased blood flow

D.) increased blood flow

The cardiac cycle consists of a distinct relaxation and contraction phase. Which term is typically used to refer ventricular contraction while no blood is being ejected? A.) systole B.) diastole C.) quiescent D.) isovolumic contraction

D.) isovolumic contraction

People with ABO blood type O ________. A.) have both antigens A and B on their erythrocytes B.) are considered universal recipients C.) have neither anti-A nor anti-B antibodies circulating in their blood plasma D.) lack both antigens A and B on their erythrocytes

D.) lack both antigens A and B on their erythrocytes

Which of the following cells is phagocytic? A.) NK cell B.) plasma cell C.) B cell D.) macrophage

D.) macrophage

What is the reason that you have to be immunized with a new influenza vaccine each year? A.) the vaccine is only protective for a year B.) macrophage oxidative metabolism C.) memory response D.) mutation

D.) mutation

Chemotaxis A.) refers to the engulfing of microbes and foreign molecules by macrophages. B.) is important only for adaptive immune responses. C.) is important only for innate immune responses. D.) refers to the chemical attraction of neutrophils to a site of inflammation. E.) refers to dilation of blood vessels by chemicals released by damaged tissue cells.

D.) refers to the chemical attraction of neutrophils to a site of inflammation.

Clusters of neurons in the medulla oblongata that regulate blood pressure are known collectively as ________. A.) baroreceptor B.) sangioreceptors C.) the cardiomotor mechanism D.) the cardiovascular center

D.) the cardiovascular center

After activation of C3 of the complement system, which of these is a role of its component part,C3b? A.) It stimulates the conversion of monocytes to neutrophils. B.) It acts as an enzyme to convert nitric oxide into hydrogen peroxide. C.) It acts as a chemotaxin for macrophages. D.) It causes vasodilation of local blood vessels. E.) It acts as an opsonin that is recognized by phagocytes targeting the microbe for destruction.

E.) It acts as an opsonin that is recognized by phagocytes targeting the microbe for destruction.

Elizabeth had heart surgery to repair the pacemaker of her heart. Into which structure did the surgeon need access? A.) Mitral valve B.) Atrioventricular node C.) Bundle of His D.) Left ventricle E.) Sinoatrial node

E.) Sinoatrial node

Which is NOT a function performed by activated macrophages? A.) They secrete cell-killing chemicals. B.) They secrete cytokines involved in inflammation. C.) They present antigens to T-cells. D.) They perform phagocytosis. E.) They produce antibodies that bind to specific antigens.

E.) They produce antibodies that bind to specific antigens.

Place the drainage of lymph from the right thigh in the correct sequential (anatomical) order. __6__Right lumbar trunk __4__Inguinal lymph nodes __7__Cisterna chyli __2__Lymph within lymphatic capillaries __10__Left subclavian vein __9__Left lymphatic duct __8__Thoracic duct __5__Efferent lymphatic vessels __3__Afferent lymphatic vessels __1__Interstitial fluid within right thigh

correct