Human Sexuality Chapters 1 & 2

we can predict that two variables will change in the same direction

A positive correlation indicates that:

observational

A researcher conducted a study about flirting behavior among adults. She gathered data by watching the behavior of adults in public places such as bars and nightclubs. The _______ research method was used in this study.

Premenstrual syndrome

A set of symptoms that may occur during the days just before and during the start of a woman's period including irritability, depressed mood, and feeling bloated:

women vary more than men do in their sexual responses

According to the "new view of women's sexual problems," _________.

morals and values

According to the text, having a clear sense of _______ are factors that contribute to making responsible sexual choices throughout life

insertive sexual practices such as vaginal, oral, and anal sex

According to the textbook, most of today's sexual problems, such as unwanted pregnancy and transmission of sexually transmitted infections, stem from:

G spot

An especially sensitive area inside the vagina that some women have identified as enhancing sexual arousal is referred to as the:

Roe vs. Wade

Before the landmark U.S. Supreme Court case of _______, abortion was illegal in what country?

vaginal lubrication

Bertha is beginning to make love with her partner. According to Masters and Johnson what will be the most perceptible sign that Bertha is in the excitement phase?

self-selection bias

Dr. Levin allowed members of his target population to volunteer to participate in his study. As a result, the findings of Dr. Levin's study were influenced by:

tube through which mature sperm cells travel to the man's internal reproductive system

Elsa is taking a human sexuality course and is learning about the vas deferens. Her professor probably explained to the class that the vas deferens is a:

independent; dependent

In an experiment the treatment administered is the _______variable and the resulting behavior is the _______ variable.

a urinary tract infection

Joyce is experiencing symptoms such as pain and stinging during urination, frequent urination, slight fever, and pressure in her lower back. She probably has:

foreskin

Male circumcision involves removal of the _______ that covers the glans of the penis.

study actual physiological responses to sexual stimulation

Masters and Johnson believed that to understand human sexual behavior, researchers should:

female genital mutilation

Noemi, a native of Africa, underwent a ritualistic, cultural practice that entailed the removal of her clitoral glans and all or part of the labia minora when she was about to enter puberty. This example illustrates:

human sexuality

Professor Awajadi has dedicated her career to an area of study that focuses on all aspects of humans as sexual beings. This area of study is referred to as

erection

Rigidity of the penis resulting from an inflow of blood during sexual arousal is referred to as:

can provide a large number of responses from a wide geographical area in a short amount of time

Surveys conducted over the Internet:

ignores the full range of sexual experiences and pleasure that human beings can have

The belief in Western cultures that the term sex refers only to intercourse:

orgasmic

The climax of sexual arousal occurs during the _________ phase of Masters and Johnson's sexual response cycle.

create conditions that allow for conception and pregnancy

The purpose of the menstrual cycle is to:

the human sexual response

The results of Masters and Johnson's early work established a basic foundation and language for understanding and discussing:

romantic, emotional, and sexual

The term sexual orientation most accurately refers to what kind of attraction with respect to gender?

they're false; no food, drink, or natural substance of any kind has ever been scientifically proven to have such effects on people

Throughout history, many people have believed that certain foods or substances had the magical power to enhance human sexual arousal or desire. The problem with such beliefs is that _________.

a small flaccid or non-erect penis predicts a small erect penis

What is one myth concerning penis size?

semen

What is primarily produced by the seminal vesicles and prostate gland?

ejaculatory duct

a continuation of the tube that carries semen into the urethra for ejaculation

epididymis

a crescent shaped structure on each testicle where sperm cells are stored as they mature

sexual health

a general concept referring to physical, emotions, psychological, and interpersonal well being

prostate gland

a gland in males surrounding the urethra that produces the largest proportion of seminal fluid

foreskin

a layer of skin covering the glans of the penis

hymenorrhaphy

a medical procedure common in some cultures to reconstruct or repair the hymen to allow a woman to appear virginal

random sampling

a method of selecting a sample of participants in such a way that each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected

corpus spongiosum

a middle chamber running the length of the penis into the glans that engorges with blood during erection

morals

a persons individual, unique attitudes about what constitutes right and wrong

personal sexual philosophy

a persons unique foundation of knowledge, attitudes, and actions relating to what the person wants and who he or she is as a sexual being

hymen

a ring of tissue surrounding partially covering or fully screening the vaginal opening

correlation research

a scientific research methodology that determines the extent to which two variables are systematically related to each other

monas veneris

a slightly raised layer of fatter tissue on the top of a woman's pubic bone usually covered with hair on an adult

seminal vesicle

a structure that produces fluid that becomes part of the semen that is expelled during ejaculation

sample

a subset of the target population selected by researchers to represent the entire population under study

vas deferense

a tube extending from the testicle into the males body for the transport of mature sperm cells during ejaculation

experimental method

a type of scientific research in which variables of interest are changed while all other unrelated variables are held constant to determine cause and effect relationships among variables

informed concent

agreeing to participate in an experiment only after having been provided with complete and accurate information about what to expect in the study

human sexuality

an area of research and study focusing on all aspects of humans as sexual beings

clitoris

an erectile sexual structure consisting of the clitoral glans and tow shafts that is primarily responsible for triggering orgasm in most women

urinary tract infection

an infection of the urethra bladder or other urinary structure usually caused by bacteria

urethral opening

an opening in the midsection of the vulva between the clitoral glans and the vagina that allows urine to pass from the body

prostatitis

an uncomfortable or painful inflammation of the prostate gland, usually caused by bacteria

debriefing

explanations of the purpose and potential contributions of the findings given to participants are the end of the study

ejaculation

expulsion of semen through the penis

labia majora

folds of skin and fatty tissue that extends from the mons down both sides of the vulva, past the vaginal opening to the perineum

observational research

gathering behavioral data through direct or indirect observation using scientific techniques

respondents

individuals selected to respond to a researchers request for information

mammogram

low dose x-ray of the breast to detect tumors

the vagina

normally about 3 to 4 inches in length when a woman is not sexually aroused

gonads

organs that produce cells for reproduction

testicles

oval structures approximately 1-1.5 inches in length made up of microscopic tubes in which sperm cells and testosterone are produced in the male

penis

primary male anatomical sexual structure

circumcision

removal of the foreskin of the penis

female genital mutilation

removing part of the vulva to prevent sexual stimulation or pleasure, a cultural practice in many countries, especially in Africa

erection

rigidity of the penis or clitoris resulting from an inflow of blood during sexual arousal

Cowper's glands

small glans near the penile urethra that produce a slippery, mucuslike substance during male sexual arousal

spermatic cords

supporting each testicle and encasing the vas deferens, nerves, and muscles

episiotomy

surgical cutting of the perineum during childbirth, a procedure that was believed to allow for easier passage of the infant and less tearing of the vaginal opening

sexual orientation

term specifying the sex of those to whom a person is primarily romantically, emotionally, and sexually attracted

treatment

the action performed on or by a group in an experiment

perineum

the area of skin in the female between the vulva and the anus and in the male between the scrotum and the anus

penile shaft

the area of the penis between the glans and the abdomen

frenulum

the band of tissue connecting the underside of the penile glans with the shaft of the penis

areola

the darker skin encircling each nipple, actually part of the skin of the nipple

abstinence only education

the decision to avoid teaching adolescent students about sexual activity, STIs, contraception based on the theory that such education is unnecessary if students are taught to abstain from sexual behavior

self selected bias

the effect of allowing members of a target population under study to volunteer to participate in the study, it may compromise the randomness and validity of the research

anus

the end of the digestive tract and outlet for bodily excretions. in is also a sexually stimulating area for some people

penile glans

the end or tip of the penis, its most sexual sensitive part

target population

the entire group of people to which a researcher is attempting to apply a study samples findings

vulva

the female external genitals

pre-ejaculate

the fluid produced by the Cowper's gland

semen

the fluid produced primarily the prostate gland and seminal vesicles that is ejaculated with the sperm cells by men during orgasm

cervix

the lower end of the uterus that connects it to the vagina

testosterone

the male sex hormone responsible for male sexual characteristics and the production of sperm cells

clitoral glans

the outer end or tip of the clitoris

experimental group

the participants in an experiment who are subjected to a variable of research interest

control group

the participants in an experiment who receive no treatment and are allowed to behave as usual, for the purpose of comparison to an experimental group

orgasm

the peak of sexual arousal

urethral bulb

the prostatic section of the urethra that expands with collected semen just prior to expulsion, creating the sensation of ejaculatory inevitability

corona

the raised edge at the base of the penile glans

dependent variable

the result of an experiment evaluated to determine if the independent variable actually caused a change int eh experimental group of participants

urethra

the rube extending from the bladder to the urethral opening, which caries urine out of the body in both women and men, as well as semen in men

scrotum

the sac of thin skin and muscle containing the testicles in the male

survey

the scientific collection of data from a group of individuals about their beliefs, attitudes, or behaviors

gender identity

the sex that a person identifies himself or herself to be

labia minora

the smooth hairless inner lips of the vulva

independent variable

the variable who interest in a en experiment that is allowed to change between or among groups while all other variables are held constant

os

the very narrow passageway trough the cervix from the vagina to the uterus

seminiferous tubules

tightly wound microscopic tubes that comprise the testicles in the male. where sperm cells are generated

clitoral hood

tissue that partially or fully covers the clitoral glans

corpora cavernosa

two parallel chambers that run the length of the penis and become engorged with blood during erection