Humanities II test 3
Which name is out of place: François Boucher, George Eliot, Jean-Honoré Fragonard, Marie-Louise Élisabeth Vigée-Lebrun, Jean-Antoine Watteau?
George Eliot
Which statement about Voltaire is NOT true?
He moved to England to avoid arrest in 1726 and spent the rest of his life there.
All of the following statements about Swedish/Italian prima ballerina Marie Taglioni (seen here) are true EXCEPT: ____
Her father was opposed to her appearing on stage in front of large audiences, even though she was a superb ballet dancer.
Neoclassicism was inspired and subsequently fueled by archaeological excavations at: _____ and _____.
Herculaneum and Pompeii
Which of the sequences of aesthetic styles you see below is correct in the context of painting?
High Renaissance, Mannerism, Baroque, Rococo, Neo-Classicism, Romanticism
English scientist Francis Bacon called the false dogmas or teachings that hinder clear thinking: _______.
Idols
The journalistic essay originated in of the following publication(s)? _______
Joseph Addison's and Richard Steele's The Spectato
Which of the following statements about these two sculptures by Jean-Antoine Houdon is UNTRUE?
Both were originally painted to make them look more lifelike.
The world's first iron bridge, erected at Coalbrookdale, England in 1779 and one of the "landmarks" of the Industrial Revolution" (shown here), was designed with all of the following factors in mind EXCEPT: ______.
the ability to support trains.
During the eighteenth century, all of the following musical developments occurred EXCEPT: _____.
the birth of opera and oratorio
In Leviathan, political philosopher Thomas Hobbes argues that people are driven by which two things?
the fear of death and the desire for power.
Who paid taxes in pre-revolutionary France?
the lower and the middle classes (aka. the Third Estate)
Political activist, abolitionist, playwright and author of The Declaration of the Rights of Woman and of the Female Citizen (1791), __________ was one of over 40,000 people who were guillotined in France between 1793 and 1794, the second and final year of the Reign of Terror.
Olympe de Gouges
What is the central idea of Jean-Jacques Rousseau's philosophy? _____
That societies and their instututions always and inevitably corrupt human beings.
hich of the following print form(s) was/were new in the eighteenth century?
The first daily newspapers and the first magazines and periodicals.
The German romantic painter Caspar David Friedrich's paintings often placed small or solitary human figures ________ . His painting Monk by the Sea (1809 - 10 | not in Landmarks 5e) demonstrates this trope.
in expansive, boundaryless landscapes, facing away from the viewer
As one of the first modern thinkers to champion equality of the sexes, Antoine Nicolas de Condorcet, author of Sketch for a Historical Picture of the Progress of the Human Mind (1793) reasoned that ______.
inequality inevitably harms and deforms everyone in societies that normalize it.
In Jean-Honoré Fragonard's Roroco painting The Swing (shown above) the young woman's lost shoe and bare foot symbolize _______.
lost virginity.
After Napolen Bonaparte became Emperor of France in 1804, Neoclassical architecture was used to _______. The Arch of Triumph in Paris (shown here) is the crowning example of this effort!
magnify the power and importance of French imperialism
The terms "arpeggio," "idée fixe," "lied" "nocturne," and "impromtu" all have to do with __________ .
music
All of the following are typical features of classical music composed after the Baroque era EXCEPT:
ornate embellishments and polyphonic compositional techniques
The terms "social contract," "liberalism," "monarch," "republicanism," "natural law" and "revolution" are used in the context of _______ .
political philosophy
A highly successful Rococo artist, Marie-Louise-Elizabeth Vigee-Lebrun painted ___ almost exclusively.
portraits of noble women
More than any other philosophe, Voltaire _________ .
saw the value of non-Western cultures and traditions
Francisco Goya painted The Third of May, 1808 (shown above) with considerable graphic intensity to ____________ .
show the horrors of war.
The English romantic painter John Constable included a cathedral in many of his landscape paintings to _________________ . His painting The Stour Valley and Dedham Village (1814- 1815 | not in Landmarks 5e) is a case in point.
symbolize God's permanence in nature
Classical European music composed between 1760 and 1820, a timeframe your textbook designates as "narrow" in order to align it with Neoclassical art and architecture, is characterized by ____ .
symmetry, balance, clarity, formal unity and complexity
In the context of the Industrial Revolution in England, the first industry to be transformed by new machines and the subsequent rise of the factory system was: ______
textile manufacturing
John Locke's theories of government influenced which revolution(s)?
the American Revolution and the French Revolution
The view that history is an evolutionary process in which conflicting ideas continally resolve themselves in new syntheses is an example of ______ .
the Hegelian dialectic
In late 18th century France, there were three social ranks or estates. Who did NOT belong to an estate? _________
the King
Francois Boucher's 1756 portrait Madame de Pompadour (shown here | not included in Landmarks 5e) is an example of which aesthetic style?
the Rococo style
The highly decorated music room in Frederick the Great's Sanssouci palace (shown here | not in Landmarks 5e), near Potsdam, Germany, exemplifies which architectural style? _______.
the Rococo style
Which of the following aesthetic styles prompted Denis Diderot and other Enlightenment philosophers to demand art that made "virtue attractive and vice odious" rather than the other way around? ____
the Rococo style
What is this Northern Baroque painting, Rembrandt's The Anatomy Lesson of Doctor Nicolaes Tulp (1632), doing in Chapter 11: Enlightenment: Science and the New Learning? Choose the answer that offers the POOREST explanation.
This is a publisher error. Let's fact it, they happen once in a while!
An optimistic view of the power of reason was the foundation for the social sciences (= sociology and economics) that emerged during the Enlightenment
True
Both Alexander Pope (1688 - 1744), one of England's most prominent early 18th century poets and satirists, and Englishwoman Mary Wollstonecraft (1759 - 1797), a founding feminist philosopher, were largely self-taught writers and Enlightenment intellectuals.
True
Dictionaries matter because spelling and using words correctly matters.
True
During the nineteenth century, oral African literature and music were recorded in written languages based on Arabic and Western alphabets.
True
In England in particular, the Romantics' relationship with nature was partly a response to the destruction of the natural world that followed in the wake of industrialization.
True
In early eighteenth century Europe, novels about realistic characters and settings (e.g. Robinson Crusoe) start to replace more the inventive prose fiction (e.g. Don Quixote) of previous centuries.
True
In the nineteenth century, the international center for ballet training and performance was Russia.
True
Intuition and emotion are to Romanticism what classical ideals and reason are to the Enlightenment.
True
The hallmark of Romantic music is personalized expression, regardless of how large or small a composition is.
True
Which of the following statements is NOT true about JMW Turner's painting Rain,Steam, and Speed - The Great Western Railway (1844)?
Turner makes the train the hero of this painting, not only because of its speed, but also because he is awed by its able to dominate the natural landscape as horses and buggies never could.
Both Mary Wollstonecraft and Olympe de Gouges broadened the agenda of the Enlightenment by ______ , Wollstonecraft in A Vindication of the Rights of Women (1792) and de Gouges in A Declaration of the Rights of Woman and Citizen, which she drafted in 1791.
demanding equal rights for women
Which of the following elements does Rococo painter Francois Boucher emphasize most heavily in The Bath of Venus (1751)?
eroticism
Enlightenment deists believed that God ________ .
had little involvement with human destiny after creating the universe
The Rococo garden style reflects the influence of the decorative arts of ______.
China
A deist believes in a personal savior.
False
A string quartet is made up of two violins, a harp and a viola.
False
All of the following people were Romantic writers and/or poets: William Wordsworth, William Blake, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Emily Brontë, George Sand, Frédéric Chopin and Richard Wagner.
False
By definition, a laissez-faire economic policy favors governmental control of markets over free trade.
False
During the Enlightenment, Paris salons were influential, male-only social gatherings where wealthy, educated and/or aristocratic men met to discuss issues of the day.
False
Elegant outdoor social gatherings called fêtes galantes were a favorite subject of Neoclassical painters.
False
In The Wealth of Nations, Adam Smith took a laissez-faire position on slavery. This means he was morally opposed to the transatlantic slave trade of this day.
False
Jean-Antoine Watteau, François Boucher, Jean-Honoré Fragonard, Marie-Louise Élisabeth Vigée-Lebrun, and Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres were French Enlightenment philosophers.
False
Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley's novel Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus (1818) is scientifically accurate.
False
The German-born composer Beethoven lived in Vienna, Austria most of his adult life at his wealthy patrons' request.
False
Why did Protestants and Catholics alike oppose the heliocentric theory in its early (= pre-paradigm shift) days?
It contradicted Scripture.
All of the following statements about the Yourba headdress you see here are accurate EXCEPT:______.
It is a special souvenir made for wealthy international tourists.
Which of the following statements about the French Revolution is FALSE?
It served as a model for the American Revolution.
The painting you see here is the work of: _______.
Jean-Baptist Corot
"Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains." is the opening line of _________ .
Jean-Jacques Rousseau's The Social Contract (1762)
Which artists drew on emotion, imagination, intuition and the irrational for inspiration.
Romantic
Choose the statement that best describes the relationship between Romantic artists, writers, musicians and nature: _____
The Romantics embraced nature as the source of divinity and creative inspiration with something akin to religious passion and abandonment.
Which of the following natural disasters caused Voltaire to doubt that a benevolent God had created the universe and that human beings were rational by nature?
The earthquake and subsequent tidal wave in Lisbon, Portugal, that killed over 20,000 people in 1755.
What makes Voltaire's Candide a satire?
The portryal of Enlightenment optimism as naive.
All of the following statements about David's Neoclassical painting The Oath of the Horatii are correct except __________ .
The tone is playful and the setting luxurious.
Charles Darwin's research and writings affirmed all of the following EXCEPT: _____
There are a fixed number of species on Earth
Which of the following men was NOT a significant contributor to the Scientific Revolution?
William Wordsworth
Katsushika Hokusai's Thirty-Six Views of Mount Fuji is an example of Japanese landscape art in which medium, popular in Japan?
Woodblock print
Arranged chronologically, the drawings you see here illustrate: ______. [In other words: In the way of scientific paradigms, only one model can be correct. Model #2 replaces Model #1 as common knowledge at some point during the Scientific Revolution.) ⇐ Model #1 is to the left. Model #2 is to the right. ⇒
a paradigm shift
Johann Joachim Winckelmann's illustrated History of Ancient Art (1764) documented the excevations at Herculaneum and Pompeii. The reverence for the "noble simplicity" and "quiet grandeur" of antiquity he expressed in that volume shaped the 18th century view of Classicism as: _______.
a vehicle for the elevation of human consciousness
Romantic artists reacted against Neoclassicism primarily due to its __________ .
a&b
Which female writer(s) published under (a) male pseudonym(s) during the Romantic era?
a&b
In her personal life, French author George Sand (1804 - 76) challened the gender stereotypes of her day by:
a,b,&c
What were some of the social effects of early industrialization in England?
a,b,&c
Which element(s) of Jane Austen's novels, e.g. Sense and Sensibility (1811) and Pride and Prejudice (1813) best illustrate her powers of observation and forward thinking?
a,b,&c
Which of the following statements about Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart are true?
a,b,&c
J. M. W. Turner's painting: Snow Storm - Steam-Boat off a Harbour's Mouth (1842 | not in Landmarks 5e) is a visual example of the Romantics' understanding of nature as "sublime," meaning they saw it as ________ .
an awesome, potentially overwhelming power to respect, fear and admire.
The French term fêtes galantes refers to ______.
aristocratic gatherings or diversions enjoyed in pastoral or garden settings
Jean-Antoine Watteau's painting The Embarkation from Cythera (1718-19) (seen here) is an example of ________ .
b&c
The _______ style of opera singing emphasizes major melodic lines as well as vocalists' ability to execute florid embellishments.
bel canto
Along with his companions Cunégonde, Martin, Paquette and the Old Woman, Voltaire's Candide eventually learns to survive a world filled with stupidity and greed and keep pessimism at bay by ________.
by finding meaning in work, family life and community, in other words, by cultivating their garden
Which instruments belong to the woodwind family?
clarinets, flutes and bassoons
In France, the events which led to revolution in 1789 were most directly brought about by __________ .
the national debt.
The Rococo style's subject matter emphasized ____ at the highest, most entitled level of French society. [From the Neoclassical point of view, this would be called elevating "vice" above virtue.]
the pursuit of entertainment and pleasure, particularly erotic love
In Western philosophy, Cartesian dualism (= the idea that the mind and the body are separate rather than parts of a single whole,) derives from the phrase: "I think, therefore I am."
true
Marie-Louise-Élisabeth Vigée-Lebrun's painting Marie-Antionette en Chemise, 1783 (shown here | not in Landmarks 5e) ______ .
was rejected by some members of the Salon of 1783 because they though "chemise" refered to undergarments rather than to the Queen's very expensive gown.