Humanities

Native Son by Richard Wright

- Tells the story of 20-year-old Bigger Thomas, a black youth living in utter poverty in a poor area on Chicago's South Side in the 1930s

Which of the following metrical schemes was used by William Shakespeare in his poetry?

- The poetry of William Shakespeare fit most of the conventions of sixteenth century English poetry, and as such he used the meter of *iambic pentameter* almost exclusively. Iambs refer to the "feet," or stress breaks, in poetry that are a short syllable followed by a long syllable, while "pentamater" refers to there being five, from the Greek "penta," feet. Thus, an iambic pentameter line is meant to be said with a rhythm of "da-DUH, da-DUH, da-DUH, da-DUH, da-DUH."

18th Century Literature

Alexander Pope, Daniel Defoe, Jonathan Swift, and Ann Radcliffe

Fagin, Pip, and Ebenezer Scrooge are characters created by

Charles Dickens

19th Century/ Victorian Literature

Charles Dickens, George Elliot, Robert Browning, and Alfred Tennyson

May Welland, Newland Archer, and Ellen Olenska, are all characters in which novel?

Ellen Olenska, Newland Archer, and May Welland are main characters in Edith Wharton's novel *Age of Innocence*

Middle English Literature (14th century-1470)

Geoffrey Chaucer & William Langland

Which is a group of composers of opera?

Georges Bizet, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Richard Wagner

Often read as a children's classic, it is in reality a scathing indictment of human meanness and greed. In its four books, the Lilliputians are deranged, the Yahoos obscene. The title of the work is

Gulliver's Travels

A composer and organist of the Baroque period, he created such works as the Brandenburg Concerti, the Goldberg Variations, and the Well-Tempered Clavier. The composer described is

Johann Sebastian Bach

William Faulkner

- A Nobel Prize-winning novelist of the American South who wrote challenging prose and created the fictional Yoknapatawpha County. He is best known for such novels as *The Sound and the Fury* and *As I Lay Dying* - Also wrote *Absalom, Absalom!* and *Sanctuary*

George Eliot

- George Eliot was the pen name (a writing name) used by the English novelist Mary Ann Evans, one of the most important writers of European fiction. Her masterpiece, *Middlemarch* (which follows several distinct stories on issues including the status of women, the nature of marriage, idealism, self-interest, religion, hypocrisy, political reform, and education), is not only a major social record but also one of the greatest novels in the history of fiction

Emily Dickinson

- Spent essentially her entire life in the environs of Amherst, Massachusetts, and most of her poems deal with reflections on life in that community and her family. This simplicity of subject was reflected in her use of the simple *common meter*, which had an alternating rhyme scheme in four-line stanzas featuring alternating lines of four and three iambs each. Despite the seeming simplicity of Dickinson's poems, they often ventured into ruminations on death, love, and loneliness. - Poems known for their first line or word

Leonardo da Vinci

- The "Renaissance Man," he was a painter, architect, inventor, and student of all things scientific - He remains best known for his art, including two paintings that remain among the world's most famous and admired, *Mona Lisa,* and *The Last Supper* - Also painted *The Vitruvian Man*

What is the name of the traditional first movement in a classical symphony?

- The "classical symphony" features four separate movements: *a sonata*, or up-tempo section; an adagio (andante), or slow movement; a minuet, or 3/4 dance section; and another up-tempo piece. - This format was developed in the late eighteenth century by composers such as Mozart and Haydn. Nonetheless, despite its typical form, a symphony does not always have to adhere to such a strict format

Which composer wrote the suite of compositions known as the Brandenburg Concertos?

- The Brandenburg Concertos are widely considered the pinnacle of *Johann Sebastian Bach's* musical compositions. Presented to the Margrave of Brandenburg-Schwedt in 1721, the six concertos are the perfect exemplar of Baroque composition, featuring layered harmonies of various instruments in an ornate contrapuntal orchestration. The Concertos most likely took years to compose, and were only fully completed in 1721.

American Literary Periods

- The Colonial and Early National Period (1620-1830) 15% - The Romantic Period (1830-1870) 25% - The Period of Realism and Naturalism (1870-1910) 20% - The Modernist Period (1910-1945) 25% - The Contemporary Period (1945-Present) 15%

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's Symphony no. 35 in D Major is divided into the following four parts I. Allegro con spirito II. Andante III. Menuetto IV. Finale: presto Which two parts have the fastest tempos?

I and IV

17th Century Literature

John Bunyon & John Milton

A frequent topic of the novels of Jane Austen was __________.

Romance

Romantic poets like *Samuel Taylor Coleridge* and *John Keats*, who were interested in the source of creativity, and philosophers like *Friedrich Nietzsche*, who noted the inability of reason to control the irrationality of dreams and the imagination, were forerunners of Sigmund Freud's concept of

The unconscious

Which of the following artistic movements was heavily influenced by the freeform nature of jazz music?

*Abstract Expressionism* - The eclectic, improvisational nature of jazz had a wide influence in other artistic forms. In particular, visual artists sought to take some of jazz's extemporaneous elements and apply them to painting and sculpture. This idea greatly influences Jackson Pollock's "drip method" and other aspects of Abstract Expressionist art from the 1940s and 1950s

The novel Invisible Man by Ralph Ellison uses the main character's invisibility as an allegory for __________.

*African American experience* - Ralph Ellison's 1952 novel Invisible Man tells the story of an unnamed narrator who is not physically "invisible," but instead is someone who people refuse to see. Ellison's book was an allegory for the status of African Americans in American society at the time. The book also dealt with Marxist politics, cultural norms, and issues of black nationalism through its narrator becoming invisible

The epic Beowulf is one of the earliest examples of literature from which country?

*England* - Beowulf, an epic story of a hero who shares his name with the poem, was originally written in Anglo-Saxon, the ancient forebear of modern English. The poem, written by an unknown author, is one of the earliest extant examples of English literature that survives today.

In poetry written in trochaic tetrameter, each line contains how many feet?

*Four* - In descriptions of poetic meter, the first word indicates the kind of poetic feet, or units of measure, in the line, while the second indicates the number of feet. In "trochaic tetrameter," the feet are trochees, or two syllable feet that each consist of a stressed followed by an unstressed syllable. "Tetrameter" indicates there are four feet per line. This meter was famously used in Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's poem The Song of Hiawatha.

The Lilliputians are a created people who are introduced in the novel __________.

*Gulliver's Travels* is a satirical novel by the Anglo-Irish author Jonathan Swift, published in 1726. In it, Swift satirizes the popular "travelogue" by having his main character, Lemuel Gulliver, visit various odd worlds and locations. Among these are the civilized horses called the Houyhnhnms, the giant Brobdingnagians, and the diminutive Lilliputians.

A "serialized" novel refers to a novel that was originally published __________.

*In successive editions of a magazine or newspaper* - Serialized publication was the most common form of initial publication for many novels in the nineteenth century, particularly the works of Charles Dickens. Typically, magazines would publish short sections, usually just a chapter at a time, in each edition of the publication. This form of publication would allow readers to see a novel in small chunks, and eagerly buy up the next edition of the magazine.

The story told in William Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet is often thought to be derived from the story of __________.

*Pyramus and Thisbe from Ovid's Metamorphoses* - The general consensus among scholars reflects that Shakespeare derived his story and main characters for Romeo and Juliet from Ovid's story of Pyramus and Thisbe. The story of Pyramus and Thisbe depicts two tragic lovers who are separated by their families, who do not approve of their marriage. They communicate their love through a cement wall and plan to meet under a tree outside to confess their love. However, when Thisbe comes out first, she mistakes the blood of a lion for Pyramus' blood and, believing he had been killed, kills herself.

Which Shakespeare play features a Roman general who seeks revenge against a Gothic queen?

*Titus Andronicus* was William Shakespeare's first tragedy, performed originally in the early 1590s, when Shakespeare only had success as a comedy writer. Titus Andronicus is by far the goriest and most violent of Shakespeare's plays, in which he emulated contemporary "revenge plays." The play finishes with the titular Roman general feeding a pie to a Gothic queen that contains the meat of her two dead sons.

Who wrote the plays King Lear and Richard III?

*William Shakespeare* wrote several historical plays in addition to his comedies and tragedies. The histories focus on English history, especially the Wars of the Roses. The Wars of the Roses were English civil wars that happened in the 1400s.

What is the novel that begins with the line, "It was the best of times, it was the worst of times"?

- "It was the best of times, it was the worst of times," the opening line from *A Tale of Two Cities*, is one of the most famous opening lines in literature. It also explains the themes of the novel: Charles Dickens' story of the French Revolution contrasts what the revolutionaries wanted as being noble with the savagery and anarchy caused by this desire.

Which poet wrote the modernist poem "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock" in 1915?

- "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock" announced *T. S. Eliot's* arrival on the literary stage, as its publication in 1915 immediately brought the poet notoriety. As the first poem of Eliot's to reach an audience, it bore the hallmarks of his style, with a weight of allusions to literature, while also using dark imagery to create a new form of poetry. In particular, the poem owes a massive debt to Dante Alighieri's The Divine Comedy, while obviously taking place in a modern, industrialized world.

Who was the author of the novels Ethan Frome and The Age of Innocence?

- *Edith Wharton* was one of the premier novelists of the early twentieth century, whose incisive and witty novels described and poked fun at upper class manners. Her 1911 novel Ethan Frome details the inner desires of a prominent New England farmer. Wharton's 1920 novel The Age of Innocence mocks New York's high society, and made Wharton the first woman to win a Pulitzer Prize.

What is the Shakespeare play about the Prince of Denmark investigating his father's death?

- *Hamlet* was a turning point in the writing career of William Shakespeare. Taking an old tale about a Prince of Denmark whose father has mysteriously died and whose uncle has usurped the throne, Shakespeare focused intensely on Hamlet's character and inner drama. The play features many ruminations on philosophy and psychology, which were used in most of Shakespeare's later tragedies.

What kinds of poems are made up of fourteen lines, iambic pentameter, and end in a rhyming couplet?

- *Sonnet* is the correct answer, as sonnets utilize iambic pentameter and a concluding couplet and are usually made up of fourteen lines. The most famous writer of English sonnets is William Shakespeare, who wrote one hundred and fifty-four sonnets during his lifetime.

William Yeats

- *The Stolen Child* (based on Irish legend and concerns faeries beguiling a child to come away with them) is the most famous poem of his first published poetry collection The Wanderings of Oisin and Other Poems - In 1923, he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature. He went on to pen more influential works, including *The Tower* (1928) and *Words for Music Perhaps and Other Poems* (1932). Yeats, who died in 1939, is remembered as one of the leading Western poets of the 20th century - Helped found the Abbey Theatre

A bildungsroman refers to a novel in which __________.

- A "bildungsroman," which is German for a "coming of age novel," is a novel whose story concerns the development and growth of the main character. Typically, the novel will feature a *main character who grows from adolescence to adulthood throughout the story*. - Classic examples of the genre are David Copperfield by Charles Dickens, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain, and The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger.

Creation of Adam

- A fresco - Located in: Sistine Chapel

Henry David Thoreau

- A nineteenth-century author and philosopher from Massachusetts who was one of the leading figures of the *transcendentalism movement*. Transcendentalism focused on the goodness of nature, human possibility, and a free-form spirituality that separated itself from Christianity. Thoreau's *Walden*, a meditation on the two years he spent in a cabin in the woods by Walden Pond, is considered a classic of the genre.

Robert Frost

- A twentieth-century American poet was well known for writing in blank verse (verse without rhyme) about scenes from rural New England --- *A Road Not Taken* - He nearly lived his entire life in New England, particularly living as an adult in rural New Hampshire, which provided the settings for many of his poems. Although on the surface Frost's poems appeared to be bucolic tales of rural life, a darker subtext was usually present. Frost was a national icon by the time he died in 1963, having won four Pulitzers for poetry and the Congressional Gold Medal in 1960.

Alfred Tennyson

- Alfred, Lord Tennyson was the most renowned poet of the Victorian era. His work includes *In Memoriam* (a requiem for the poet's beloved Cambridge friend Arthur Henry Hallam, who died suddenly of a cerebral haemorrhage in Vienna in 1833), *The Charge of the Light Brigade* and *Idylls of the King* (which retells the legend of King Arthur, his knights, his love for Guinevere and her tragic betrayal of him, and the rise and fall of Arthur's kingdom)

Stephen Crane

- American novelist, short story writer, poet, journalist, raised in NY and NJ that wrote *Red Badge of Courage* (about a young private of the Union Army, Henry Fleming, who flees from the field of battle. Overcome with shame, he longs for a wound, a "red badge of courage," to counteract his cowardice. When his regiment once again faces the enemy, Henry acts as standard-bearer, who carries a flag); *A Girl of the Streets* (which centers on Maggie, a young girl from the Bowery who is driven to unfortunate circumstances by poverty and solitude) - style and technique: naturalism, realism, impressionism; - themes: ideals v. realities, spiritual crisis, fears

F. Scott Fitzgerald

- American short-story writer and novelist famous for his depictions of the Jazz Age (the 1920s), his most brilliant novel being *The Great Gatsby* (1925)

Herman Melville

- American writer whose experiences at sea provided the factual basis of *Moby-Dick* (1851), considered among the greatest American novels - His most famous works include Moby-Dick; or, The Whale, Billy Budd, Typee, and Bartleby the Scrivener

What is the Shakespeare play that features the witty repartee between characters Beatrice and Benedick?

- Among Shakespeare's comedies, *Much Ado About Nothing* is relatively straightforward narratively, with the action focusing on two couples, the young lovers Claudio and Hero and the combative couple Beatrice and Benedick. The straightforward narrative, however, allows Shakespeare to play up the witty dialogue between Beatrice and Benedick. The play is famous for some of Shakespeare's cleverest writing and funniest scenes.

Ralph Ellison

- An American novelist, literary critic, and scholar best known for his novel *Invisible Man*, which won the National Book Award in 1953 - African-American writer who explored the theme of the lonely individual imprisoned in privacy

Sylvia Plath

- An American poet, novelist, and short-story writer - Clinically depressed for most of her adult life, and was treated multiple times with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) - Ariel in 1965 that precipitated her rise to fame with its dark and potentially autobiographical descriptions of mental illness in poems such as '"Tulips", "Daddy" and "Lady Lazarus"

Willa Cather

- An American writer who achieved recognition for her trilogy of novels about frontier life on the Great Plains, including *O Pioneers!* (about the main character, Alexandra Bergson, inheriting the family farmland when her father dies, and then devoting her life to making the farm a viable enterprise at a time when many other immigrant families are giving up and leaving the prairie), *The Song of the Lark* (1915), and *My Ántonia* (1918)

Joseph Haydn

- An Austrian composer who was one of the most important figures in the development of the Classical style in music during the 18th century. He helped establish the forms and styles for the *string quartet and the symphony* - Known as the "Father of the Symphony"

Robert Browning

- An English poet and playwright whose mastery of the dramatic monologue made him one of the foremost Victorian poets. His poems are known for their irony, characterization, dark humor, social commentary, historical settings, and challenging vocabulary and syntax - One of Browning's biggest successes was the children's poem *The Pied Piper of Hamelin* ----- Published in *Dramatic Lyrics* in 1842, the poem was not one that Browning deemed consequential; however it is one of his most famous. Robert Browning secured his place as a prominent poet with dramatic monologue, the form he mastered and for which he became known and influential - His first major published work was *Pauline* ("a fragment of a confession")

Edmund Spenser

- An English poet best known for *The Faerie Queene* (one of the longest poems in the English language; follows several knights as a means to examine different virtues), an epic poem and fantastical allegory celebrating the Tudor dynasty and Elizabeth I. He is recognized as one of the premier craftsmen of nascent Modern English verse, and is often considered one of the greatest poets in the English language

John Bunyan

- An English writer and Puritan preacher best remembered as the author of the Christian allegory *The Pilgrim's Progress* (published in two parts in 1678 and 1684, the work is a symbolic vision of the good man's pilgrimage through life --- at one time second only to the Bible in popularity, The Pilgrim's Progress is the most famous Christian allegory still in print)

Harriet Beecher Stowe

- An author and social activist best known for her popular anti-slavery novel *Uncle Tom's Cabin* ----- published in 1852, the novel had a profound effect on attitudes toward African Americans and slavery in the U.S. and is said to have "helped lay the groundwork for the Civil War" The story depicts the reality of slavery while also asserting that Christian love can overcome something as destructive as enslavement of fellow human beings

Christopher Marlowe

- An early contemporary of William Shakespeare and was arguably more popular in his time than Shakespeare. Marlowe's death in 1593 under mysterious circumstances was seen to have cut short a promising literary career. His work continues on, as in his telling of the Faust myth, Doctor Faustus, from 1589. - Established playwriter of the Elizabethan Era in England

Joseph Conrad

- Began his own literary career in 1895 with the publication of his first novel, *Almayer's Folly*, an adventure tale set in the Borneo jungles - *Lord Jim* (1900) is the story of an outcast young sailor who comes to terms with his past acts of cowardice and eventually becomes the leader of a small South Seas country - *Heart of Darkness* (1902) is a novella describing a British man's journey deep into the Congo of Africa, where he encounters the cruel and mysterious Kurtz, a European trader who has established himself as a ruler of the native people there

William Blake

- Best known in his time as a painter and engraver, William Blake is now known as a major visionary poet whose expansive style influenced 20th-century writers and musicians - Blake's body of work is large and sometimes extremely dense, often fusing complicated writing with awe-inspiring illustrations - The opening line of this poem, 'Tyger! Tyger! burning bright', is among the most famous lines in all of William Blake's poetry. Accompanied by a painting of an altogether cuddlier tiger than the 'Tyger' depicted by the poem itself, *The Tyger* first appeared in Songs of Experience in 1794

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, and A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court were all written by __________.

- Born Samuel Clemens in Missouri in 1835, *Mark Twain* gained prominence in American literary circles after the Civil War for his novels about the frontier in America, notably the connected works The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. In his later career, Twain moved to historical fiction with works like A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court and The Prince and the Pauper.

Edvard Munch

- Born in 1863 in Löten, Norway, famed painter Edvard Munch established a free-flowing, psychological-themed style all his own. His painting *The Scream* ("The Cry"; 1893), is one of the most recognizable works in the history of art - Expressionist

Percy Shelley

- Born in Broadbridge Heath, England, on August 4, 1792, Percy Bysshe Shelley is one of the epic poets of the 19th century, and is best known for his classic anthology verse works such as *Ode to the West Wind* (Shelley wanted his message of reform and revolution spread, and the wind becomes the trope for spreading the word of change through the poet-prophet figure) and *The Masque of Anarchy* (following the Peterloo massacre of that year --- it was his call for freedom, it is perhaps the first modern statement of the principle of nonviolent resistance). He is also well known for his long-form poetry, including *Queen Mab* and *Alastor*

John Keats

- Born in London, England, on October 31, 1795, John Keats devoted his short life to the perfection of poetry marked by vivid imagery, great sensuous appeal and an attempt to express a philosophy through classical legend - Today his poems and letters are some of the most popular and most analysed in English literature. Some of the most acclaimed works of Keats are *Ode to a Nightingale* (a personal poem which describes Keats's journey into the state of negative capability), *Sleep and Poetry*, and the famous sonnet *On First Looking into Chapman's Homer* (which tells of the author's astonishment while reading the works of the ancient Greek poet Homer)

Sir Walter Scott

- British novelist whose romantic vision of a feudal society made him highly popular in the South - Born in Edinburgh, Scotland, Sir Walter Scott followed his family's tradition and went into law; his heart, however, was with history and literature. He became an instant best seller with historical narrative poems like *The Lay of the Last Minstrel* (an aging minstrel who seeks hospitality at Newark Castle and in recompense tells a tale of a sixteenth-century Border feud) and *The Lady of the Lake* (an enchantress in the Matter of Britain, the body of medieval literature and legend associated with King Arthur)

Michelangelo

- Commissioned to paint the ceiling of the *Sistine Chapel*, which included the famous *Creation of Adam* image. *The Last Judgment* is also in the Sistine Chapel, though it was painted almost 30 years after the ceiling. The Crucifixion of St. Peter was also one of Michelangelo's later works - Sculptures include: *Moses*, *The Pieta and David*

Graham Greene

- English novelist, short-story writer, playwright, and journalist whose novels treat life's moral ambiguities in the context of contemporary political settings - Originally divided his fiction into two genres (which he described as "entertainments" and "novels"): thrillers—often with notable philosophic edges—such as *The Ministry of Fear*; and literary works—on which he thought his literary reputation would rest—such as *The Power and the Glory* (which tells the story of a renegade Roman Catholic 'whisky priest' living in the Mexican state of Tabasco in the 1930s, a time when the Mexican government was attempting to suppress the Catholic Church)

Charles Dickens

- English writer whose novels depicted and criticized social injustice (1812-1870) - Wrote such beloved classic novels as *Oliver Twist*, *A Christmas Carol*, *Nicholas Nickleby*, *David Copperfield*, *A Tale of Two Cities* and *Great Expectations*

George Handel

- German composer but spent much of his career in England; famous for religious music - Composed operas, oratorios and instrumentals. His 1741 work, *Messiah*, is among the most famous oratorios in history (Includes the famous, Hallelujah Chorus) - A *Baroque* composer

The rhythmic scheme of iambic pentameter refers to a line that contains __________.

- Iambic pentameter is most famous as the rhythm scheme used by William Shakespeare in most of his plays. The scheme features *five "feet" per line, with each foot having one unstressed syllable followed by one stressed syllable*. This rhythm creates a standard speaking pattern for actors and audiences to follow.

Johann Sebastian Bach was a composer of music in which of the following styles?

- Johann Sebastian Bach was the most significant and well-known composer of the *Baroque Era*, which stretched from 1600 to 1750. Bach's signature elements—strong counterpoint, involved harmonies, and complex melodies—were extremely typical of Baroque music in general

Kate Chopin

- Kate Chopin (1850-1904) is an American writer best known for her stories about the inner lives of sensitive, daring women. Her novel *The Awakening* (which centers on Edna Pontellier and her struggle between her increasingly unorthodox views on femininity and motherhood with the prevailing social attitudes of the turn-of-the-century American South) and her short stories are read today in countries around the world, and she is widely recognized as one of America's essential authors

Ernest Hemingway

- Lost Generation writer, spent much of his life in France, Spain, and Cuba during WWI, notable works include *A Farewell to Arms* (a first-person account of an American, Frederic Henry, serving as a lieutenant in the ambulance corps of the Italian Army), *Old Man and the Sea* (which tells the story of Santiago, an aging Cuban fisherman who struggles with a giant marlin far out in the Gulf Stream off the coast of Cuba), *The Sun Also Rises* (which portrays American and British expatriates who travel from Paris to the Festival of San Fermín in Pamplona to watch the running of the bulls and the bullfights), and *For Whom the Bells Toll* (which tells the story of Robert Jordan, a young American in an International Brigades guerrilla unit during the Spanish Civil War)

Mary Shelley's novel Frankenstein is stylistically important for its use of __________.

- Mary Shelley's landmark gothic novel Frankenstein, or The Modern Prometheus, is told first from the perspective of an explorer who meets the inventor Victor Frankenstein. After an introductory chapter, the story is told by Frankenstein himself in a series of *flashbacks*, or scenes that take place in the past of the novel's timeframe.

The artist Michelangelo was key to the development of __________ art.

- Michelangelo (1475-1564) is often considered the prototypical "Renaissance man," along with Leonardo da Vinci, thanks to his key involvement in painting, sculpture, and design. Michelangelo was one of the earliest painters to use realistic imagery, forced perspective, and an enhanced use of color. His work was key in the development of *Renaissance* themes like a return to classical motifs, a sense of grandeur, and the use of scientific knowledge in the arts.

Nathaniel Hawthorne

- Originally a transcendentalist; later rejected them and became a leading anti-transcendentalist. He was a descendant of Puritan settlers. - *The Scarlet Letter* shows the hypocrisy and insensitivity of New England puritans by showing their cruelty to a woman who has committed adultery and is forced to wear a scarlet "A". - Original resident of Brook Farm - Disillusions of Utopias - The House of the Seven Gables - The Blithedale Romance

Jane Austen

- Published between 1811 and 1816, wrote novels that centered on the romantic interests and pursuits of well-born women in England during the early nineteenth century. Some of her best-known works are *Pride and Prejudice* (which follows the character development of Elizabeth Bennet, the dynamic protagonist of the book, who learns about the repercussions of hasty judgments and eventually comes to appreciate the difference between superficial goodness and actual goodness), *Sense and Sensibility*, and *Emma*, which all deal with women finding their husbands.

Alexander Pope

- Regarded as the greatest English poet of his age, the early eighteenth century. He is best known for his satirical and discursive poetry—to include *The Rape of the Lock* (which satirises a small incident by comparing it to the epic world of the gods), The Dunciad, and An Essay on Criticism—as well as for his translation of Homer

What poem begins with a sailor killing an albatross, which curses him throughout the poem?

- Samuel Taylor Coleridge's *The Rime of the Ancient Mariner* tells the near-mythical story of a sailor on a cursed ship in the arctic that encounters Death and misfortune after the sailor kills an albatross. The crew blame their luck on the mariner's killing of the albatross, and force him to wear it throughout the voyage.

Who was the poet who wrote the medieval collection of stories The Canterbury Tales?

- The Canterbury Tales was a landmark work in English literature as one of the earliest works written in vernacular English, which in the late fourteenth century was Middle English. The Canterbury Tales' author, *Geoffrey Chaucer*, was most likely inspired by the works of Bocaccio and Dante, which he would have encountered in diplomatic trips to Italy. The Canterbury Tales consist of over twenty unrelated tales, loosely bound together by the fact that they are all told by pilgrims on a trip to Canterbury cathedral.

The author of the poem The Waste Land is __________.

- The Waste Land is a lengthy poem, spanning nearly 434 lines, and narrates a modernist story about the Fisher King and the Holy Grail. A landmark of Modernist Poetry from its initial publication in 1922, it enhanced the already considerable reputation of its author, *T.S. Eliot*. An Anglo-American himself, Eliot became one of the most well-known writers on both sides of the Atlantic, and eventually won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1948

Which Shakespeare play opens with three witches forecasting the future?

- The image of three witches calmly prophesying the future is one of the indelible images of Shakespeare's *Macbeth*. The titular character's rise to power is conditioned and effected by the witches' proclamations, providing one of the key themes of the play, predestination and foreshadowing.

John Milton's Paradise Lost features which figure as its main character?

- The very first character introduced into Milton's narrative in Paradise Lost is *Satan*. While telling the story of Adam and Eve in a new way, the narrative unfolds from Satan's perspective. Milton's epic poem has greatly contributed to the character of Satan in the Western literary tradition.

Ludwig van Beethoven

- This pianist was considered the master of Romanticism music - Best known for his *nine symphonies*, which have been called the cornerstones of Western civilization. The most famous two are the Fifth Symphony and the Ninth Symphony because of their grandeur. The bars of the Fifth are supposed to represent Fate knocking at the door - Went deaf

Mark Twain

- United States writer and humorist best known for his novels about *Tom Sawyer* and *Huckleberry Finn* (1835-1910)

The American author who wrote a series of novels and short stories set in the fictional Yoknapatawtha County, Mississippi was __________.

- Virtually the entire canon of *William Faulkner* is set in the fictional Yoknapatawtha County. Even the stories set elsewhere refer back to or feature characters from Faulkner's other stories set there. William Faulkner's literary achievements earned him the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1949

Lord Byron

- Was one of the great romantic poets and figures of the early nineteenth century. Byron was most well-known for his lengthy and satiric epic poems, with both *Don Juan* (a wealthy libertine who devotes his life to seducing women) and *Childe Harolde's Pilgrimage* (which describes the travels and reflections of a world-weary young man who, disillusioned with a life of pleasure and revelry, looks for distraction in foreign lands) spanning over 10,000 lines of verse. Byron himself was a romantic hero, living a wild-life and dying at the age of thirty-six in 1824. - Part of *Romanticism* artistic period

Which of the following books is the William Faulkner novel about a family attempting to bury their deceased mother?

- William Faulkner is well known both for exploring the culture and habits of the inhabitants of his native Mississippi and using inventive and creative forms of narrative and literary structure. Both of these elements are exhibited in his book *As I Lay Dying*. Covering the attempt of the dysfunctional Bundren family to bury their mother Addie in her family cemetery, the chapters take the point of view of different members of the family

The composer who wrote the operas The Marriage of Figaro, Don Giovanni, and The Magic Flute was __________.

- Wolfgang Amadeus *Mozart* was a pioneering composer in a number of genres, but pioneered new realms for opera with his compositions. - *Don Giovanni* and *The Marriage of Figaro* (both comic operas) restructured and transformed Italian opera, while *The Magic Flute* (a singspiel opera) helped pioneer opera in Germany - Was a child prodigy of the classical era, influenced Beethoven

Richard Wright

1908-1960 - African American author who wrote about racial oppression - His novels included *Uncle Tom's Children* (which included four novellas: "Big Boy Leaves Home," "Down by the Riverside," "Long Black Song," and "Fire and Cloud." As well as, "The Ethics of Living Jim Crow" and "Bright and Morning Star," which are now the first and final pieces), *Native Son* (1940), and *Black Boy* (1945) - He joined the Communist Party for a brief time in the early 1930s

Grendel, "the mighty demon that dwelt in darkness," is a character in

Beowulf

Which of the following writers wrote without idealistic overtones and used ordinary people as subjects in their works?

Gustave Flaubert and Mark Twain

The character Ophelia was featured in which of the following Shakespeare plays?

Hamlet

Question refers to the following plays by William Shakespeare. (A) The Tempest (B) Hamlet (C) A Midsummer Night's Dream (D) Macbeth (E) Much Ado About Nothing Which two plays are tragedies?

Hamlet & Macbeth

Which of the following has a central theme of a boat journey up a river in Africa?

Heart of Darkness

Which of the following insists on the necessity of living a simple, natural, individualistic life?

Henry David Thoreau's Walden

Modern English Literature

Joseph Conrad, William Yeats, T.S. Elliot, and Graham Greene

He composed in a wide variety of musical genres, including nine symphonies, 32 piano sonatas, and an opera. The composer is

Ludwig van Beethoven

Which of the following Shakespearean plays was used as the basis for a libretto for a Verdi opera?

Othello

Romanticism Literature (Scholars regard the publishing of William Wordsworth's and Samuel Coleridge's Lyrical Ballads in 1798 as probably the beginning of the movement, and the crowning of Queen Victoria in 1837 as its end)

Samuel Coleridge, Lord Byron, Percy Shelley, Mary Shelley, John Keats. Sir Walter Scott, Jane Austen, and William Blake

Antonio, Portia, and Jessica are all characters in which Shakespearean play?

The Merchant of Venice

How many acts do Shakespeare's plays typically have?

William Shakespeare's plays, whether comedies or tragedies, typically are divided into *five* separate acts. This was based off of Roman structures, and was the popular format in Renaissance drama. This structure was formally described and analyzed by the German author Gustav Freytag in his 1863 Die Technik des Dramas.

Renaissance Literature (arose in 14th-century Italy and continued until the 16th century while being diffused into the rest of the western world)

William Shakespeare, Christopher Marlowe, Edmund Spenser, and King James Bible

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's Symphony no. 35 in D Major is divided into the following four parts I. Allegro con spirito II. Andante III. Menuetto IV. Finale: presto The parts are known as

movements