Hundred Year's War

In a key turning point in the Hundred Years' War, what French region "switched" its allegiance to France?

Burgundy -- they sensed a shift in the balance of power

Charles IV

French King and the last surviving son of Philip the Fair who died with no children in 1328. His death led to a dispute over the inheritance of the French throne

Burgundy

area in France who sided with the English during tar 100 Year's War in order to mess with the French. They supported England for much of the war, even capturing Joan of Arc. They switched their allegiance to France after seeing a shirt in power.

Valois

cousins of the Capet that came into power after the fall of the Capetian Dynasty in 1328

Capet (Capetian Dynasty)

dynasty in France that ended in 1328 with the death of Charles IV

What were some of the economic, social, military, and political consequences of the Hundred Year's War in England and France?

-Economic -- England spent over £5 million and was at an enormous financial loss. The government attempted to finance war by raising taxes on wool crop. French participation in commerce was reduced and taxes were raised. If a King is fighting a war for an extended period of time, they need money, so Parliament begins to collect taxes. -Social -- men volunteered to fight in hopes of becoming rich but many fortunes were lost. Social order was spurted because many of the nobles fought as knights abroad, so the commoners tried to establish themselves in place of the nobles. -Military -- stimulated technology and artillery experimentation. Cannons could only be afforded by central governments, so their use strengthened the military power of national states -Political --stimulated the development of the English Parliament. Both countries saw a growth in nationalism. The French feeling demanded the explosion of England from all French soil. Patriotic feelings sparked in Europeans, so instead of one large Rome, they were proud of individual nations, creating further division of Europe into nations.

One reason for the length and devastation of the Hundred Years' War for France, was that for them it was in essence a ______ war as well

Civil -- dispute over a unified nation or feudal manors

What were the general causes of the Hundred Years' War?

Disagreements over rights to land, economic conflicts, and a dispute over the succession of the French throne. King want to pass it nicely to a male heir, but France didn't have a male heir to pass it to because King Charles IV died without children. Therefore, France had to pass it to a cousin, and chaos ensued.

During the early stages of the Hundred Years' War, what nation was highly successful?

England -- Beat the French at Crécy with the use of longbowmen, with allowed archers to shoot three arrows at once. The english also used cannons

Although more complicated, the Hundred Years' War was a conflict involving what two European countries?

England and France

Joan of Arc

French peasant girl who heard voices of Saint Michael, Catherine, and Margaret. They told her that the uncrowned King Charles VII had to be crowned and the English driven out of France. She INSPIRED the French based on her Christian visions. She want to Charles, who sent her to battle, where she was captured, tried for heresy, and burned at the stake. Her charges were later dropped and she was declared a martyr. She is now a Saint and the symbol of a girl who saved the French monarchy.

Charles VII

Part of Valois family. Uncrowned King of France who was approached by Joan of Arc, who said he needed to be crowned King. He was crowned at Reims after the end of the siege of Orléans. He refused to pay to ransom Joan, and she was burned at the stake. He later had a new trial for her because he either had second thoughts about abandoning her or he didn't want to be associated with a condemned heretic.

Describe the "legacy" of Joan of Arc in French history.

She is seen as a political symbol of France and a symbol of the Catholic Church in opposition of the French government. She is now a Saint and seen as the girl who saved the French Monarchy.

Losses in the Hundred Years' War were exacerbated by what other tragedy of the 14th century?

The Black Death

Hundred Year's War

War between England and France from 1337 to 1453, with political and economic causes and consequences. It was generally caused by a disagreement in the inheritance of the French Throne. This was the longest war in European history, lasting 116 years.

Orléans

the only major city in northern France not under the control of England. The English besieged the city, and they were forced to retreat by Joan of Arc. The battle in this city is the turning point where France begins to drive out England and the Burgundians realize they should side with France.