Hurricanes Midterm #3

a) flash flooding from heavy rains

About half of the deaths associated with Hurricane Camille occurred as a result of hurricane's landfall in southern Mississippi. The other half mostly occurred in Virginia as a result of a) flash flooding from heavy rains b) large hail in severe thunderstorms c) strong winds d) fires started by lightning strikes

c) in towards; out away from

As the winds in a tropical cyclone circle the eye, the winds near the surface are also moving _______ the eyewall and winds aloft are also moving _______ the eyewall. a) in towards; in towards b) out away from; out away from c) in towards; out away from d) out away from; in towards

b) westward; eastward

Because of the prevailing winds in the atmosphere, hurricanes generally move ______ near the equator and ______ when they move to the mid-latitudes. a) westward; westward b) westward; eastward c) eastward; westward d) eastward; eastward

c) Many insurers went out of business because they could not afford to pay out all of the claims from storm damage.

How did Hurricane Andrew affect the US insurance industry? a) The industry boomed as residents of South Florida clamored to buy insurance in the wake of Andrew. b) Insurers were not impacted by Hurricane Andrew; business continued as usual. c) Many insurers went out of business because they could not afford to pay out all of the claims from storm damage.

a) the small size made it very hard to determine the current strength of the storm since no measurements happened to be taken near its center

How did the extremely small size of Cyclone Tracy impact the ability of the Darwin Tropical Cyclone Warning Center to forecast the path and intensity of the storm? a) the small size made it very hard to determine the current strength of the storm since no measurements happened to be taken near its center b) the small size made it very easy to measure the environment around the storm, leading to more accurate forecasts of strength and track c) neither of the above

c) it passed over an extremely warm current in the Gulf of Mexico

Hurricane Camille became so intense in part because a) it picked up extra moisture over the Everglades b) it interacted with the Appalachian Mountains after making landfall in Mississippi c) it passed over an extremely warm current in the Gulf of Mexico d) it encountered strong vertical wind shear

c) intense rains led to extreme flooding and mudslides

Hurricane Mitch (1998) is the second-deadliest Atlantic hurricane ever on record (after the Great Hurricane of 1780). What made Hurricane Mitch so deadly? a) an extraordinarily large storm surge inundated vast stretches of coastline b) mitch transitioned into a midlatitude low upon interacting with the mountains of Central America c) intense rains led to extreme flooding and mudslides d) extreme category-5 winds destroyed numerous shantytowns in honduras

1) high winds 2) storm surge 3) flooding with heavy rainfall

Hurricane impacts are generated by what 3 factors?

a) water vapor can easily evaporate off the surface, providing latent heat needed to fuel hurricanes

Hurricanes always form over warm water, because: a) water vapor can easily evaporate off the surface, providing latent heat needed to fuel hurricanes b) the environment over warm water is unstable to dry adiabatic ascent due to high surface temperatures c) there are more cloud condensation nuclei over warm waters

c) cooling; weaken

Hurricanes stir up the ocean beneath them, _______ the surface of the ocean, which tends to _______ the hurricane. a) warming; weaken b) warming; strengthen c) cooling; weaken d) cooling; weaken cooling; strengthen

a) infrared (IR) only

If you want to observe clouds at nighttime, which of the following satellite images will be useful? a) infrared (IR) only b) visible only c) both are useful d) neither are useful

d) choices (a) and (b).

In the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina, the government and people of New Orleans have a) developed housing more suitable for withstanding flooding. b) had NPO volunteers to help evacuation c) increased property taxes to fund improved levee maintenance. d) choices (a) and (b). e) choices (a), (b), and (c).

b) eye; sinking

In the satellite image below, the region located at the center of the tropical cyclone, devoid of cloudiness, is called the _______ and air within this region is _______. a) eye; rising b) eye; sinking c) eyewall; rising d) eyewall; sinking

d) the western north Pacific ocean basin

In which tropical basin are there, on average, the most tropical cyclones per year? a) the north Indian ocean basin b) the eastern north Pacific ocean basin c) the north Atlantic ocean basin d) the western north Pacific ocean basin

b) flooding

Once a tropical cyclone moves inland and into mountains, the greatest threat to life comes from a) flying debris b) flooding c) lightning d) strong winds

c) decreases in water vapor evaporated from the land surface - can no longer ingest water vapor from the sea surface

Once over land, hurricanes weaken rapidly. The biggest reason for this is... a) increases in rainfall intensity over land b) increases in friction at the land surface c) decreases in water vapor evaporated from the land surface

b) significantly; little

Over the past 20 years in the north Atlantic basin, tropical cyclone track forecasting has improved _______ and tropical cyclone intensity forecasting has improved _______. a) little; significantly b) significantly; little c) little; little d) significantly; significantly

d) all of the above

Prior to 1960, we did not realize that there were more Eastern Pacific hurricanes each year on average than in the Atlantic. Why? a) the eastern pacific is not a region with many shipping lanes, removing potential witnesses to the storm b) the tracks of most eastern pacific hurricanes take them away from land c) no weather satellites were monitoring the region d) all of the above

a) In a given year, natural variations in global climate such as El Niño can create more or less favorable conditions for tropical cyclones in different regions of the world.

Since the satellite age, the number of tropical cyclones per year worldwide has been relatively constant. However, individual basins like the north Atlantic can have widely varying numbers of tropical cyclones in different years. Why? a) In a given year, natural variations in global climate such as El Niño can create more or less favorable conditions for tropical cyclones in different regions of the world. b) Average sea surface temperatures have risen in the north Atlantic but not in any other tropical cyclone basin. c) High or low numbers of tropical cyclones occur completely randomly in individual basins, and the activity level in one basin is completely unrelated to that in another. d) None of the above

c) tropical storm

Stages in hurricane development include tropical disturbance, tropical depression, tropical storm, and hurricane. At what stage will a storm be named? When it becomes a ____ a) tropical disturbance b) tropical depression c) tropical storm d) hurricane

c) an extra-tropical cyclone that originally was a western Pacific typhoon

The 1962 Columbus Day Storm in the Pacific Northwest was caused by a) the landfall of a tropical cyclone on the Oregon coast b) the polar vortex bringing in an extremely cold air mass from Canada c) an extra-tropical cyclone that originally was a western Pacific typhoon

b) the sea surface temperature is too cold

The Atlantic hurricane season in general spans from June to November. Why don't hurricanes form during the off-season? a) the vertical wind shear is too weak b) the sea surface temperature is too cold c) the Coriolis force is shifted south

c) the number of hurricanes that will make landfall in the U.S.

The Atlantic seasonal hurricane forecast issued by the National Hurricane Center predicts all of the following except a) the number of named tropical storms b) the number of hurricanes c) the number of hurricanes that will make landfall in the U.S. d) the number of major (category 3/higher) hurricanes

c) storm surge

The direct cause of most fatalities in the deadliest hurricanes on record were produced by which of the following hazards? a) lightning b) strong winds c) storm surge d) rip currents

a) the hurricane's rotating winds add to the winds in the larger environment that are carrying it forward

The winds are strongest in the right-hand half (northern half if the storm is moving to the west) of a northern-hemisphere hurricane because in the right-hand half, a) the hurricane's rotating winds add to the winds in the larger environment that are carrying it forward b) the eyewall is stronger c) the Coriolis force is weaker d) there is more vertical wind shear

Miami - the 10-min avg will be less than the max 1-min avg unless wind speed is steady for the full 10 min

Tokyo reports 10-min averaged winds for tropical cyclones. Miami reports 1-min averages. For the SAME STORM, which center will report the higher winds speed?

false

True or False: The Atlantic hurricane season tends to be more active when there is an El Niño in the equatorial Pacific Ocean.

d) hurricanes transport heat vertically from the surface to higher elevations in the atmosphere

What direction do hurricanes transport heat? a) hurricanes transport heat vertically from higher elevations in the atmosphere to the surface b) hurricanes transport heat horizontally from the midlatitudes to the tropics c) hurricanes transport heat horizontally from the center of the hurricane to distant surface locations d) hurricanes transport heat vertically from the surface to higher elevations in the atmosphere

b) weaken, mostly due to less supply of water vapor

When hurricane makes landfall, its intensity will _____. a) strengthen, mostly due to higher temperature at the surface b) weaken, mostly due to less supply of water vapor c) weaken only if there are mountains near the coast to disrupt the storm's circulation

b) the amount of rain that falls on the coast

Which aspect of a hurricane is NOT a direct contributor to the strength of the hurricane's storm surge? a) the slope of the ocean floor b) the amount of rain that falls on the coast c) the speed of the hurricane's winds d) the low pressure in the storm's eye

d) all of the above

Which of the following affects the motion of tropical cyclones? a) the change in the strength of the Coriolis force with latitude b) the trade winds in the tropics c) the westerlies in the midlatitudes d) all of the above

b) tropical cyclones rotate differently in the northern and southern hemispheres

Which of the following can be explained by the Coriolis force? a) sink/toilet drains rotate differently in opposite hemisphere b) tropical cyclones rotate differently in the northern and southern hemispheres c) when you are driving, your car tends to veer to the right in the northern hemisphere d) all of the above

d) all of the above

Which of the following data are NOT used in short-term (5 days or less) forecasts of hurricanes? a) satellite imagery b) aircraft measurements c) ocean buoy measurements d) all of the above

c) Increased tropical sea surface temperatures

Which of the following is an effect of global warming that could possibly increase the intensity of future tropical cyclones? a) Increased upper-level winds in the tropics b) Increased global average sea levels c) Increased tropical sea surface temperatures d) Increased ocean acidity

d) it caused a months-long blackout across much of Puerto Rico

Which of the following is associated with Hurricane Maria? Select all that apply. a) brought over 40" of rainfall to parts of Texas b) it was the deadliest in US history c) it was the most intense tropical cyclone worldwide d) it caused a months-long blackout across much of Puerto Rico

d) All of the above

Which of the following makes hurricanes hard to forecast? a) Complete observations of the current state of the atmosphere around and within the hurricane are hard to obtain b) Some of the important physical processes governing hurricanes are not perfectly represented in current forecast models. c) The behavior of hurricanes is very sensitive to small changes in their structure and in the surrounding environment. d) All of the above

b) the tropical cyclone makes landfall in a mountainous region

Which of the following scenarios will most likely result in locally enhanced precipitation from a tropical cyclone? a) the tropical cyclone moves over colder sea surface temperatures b) the tropical cyclone makes landfall in a mountainous region c) the tropical cyclone makes landfall on small, low-lying islands

c) Global sea levels will continue to rise.

Which of the following statements about changes in a warming climate is most certain? a) Tropical cyclones will become more frequent. b) All tropical cyclones will become more intense. c) Global sea levels will continue to rise. d) Global precipitation will, on average, decrease.

d) all of the above

Which of the following statements about the levees in New Orleans is correct? a) The failure of the levees was largely blamed on design flaws b) The levees started to fail a few hours after Katrina made landfall and continued to fail over the next several days. c) The levees were essential to the safety of New Orleans since a large portion of the city lies below sea level. d) all of the above

b) the National Hurricane Center issued hurricane warnings that emphasized that the strength of the storm was unprecedented and would cause catastrophic damage

Which of the following statements correctly describes the forecasts made 24 hours before Hurricane Katrina made landfall? a) the predicted track of the hurricane was not accurate b) the National Hurricane Center issued hurricane warnings that emphasized that the strength of the storm was unprecedented and would cause catastrophic damage c) Hurricane Katrina was poorly forecast; the deadly flooding in New Orleans was completely unexpected

a) size and intensity are unrelated; storms of very different sizes may produce equally strong winds

Which of the following statements correctly describes the relationship between the size and intensity (in terms of wind speed) of hurricanes? a) size and intensity are unrelated; storms of very different sizes may produce equally strong winds b) the smaller the diameter of the hurricane, the stronger its winds c) the larger the diameter of the hurricane, the stronger its winds

b) the tropical cyclone can transition into an intense midlatitude low

Which of the following statements describes what may happen to a tropical cyclone after it recurves and remains over the ocean? a) all tropical cyclones weaken and completely disappear shortly after recurving b) the tropical cyclone can transition into an intense midlatitude low c) the tropical cyclone often intensifies and accelerates toward the west d) none of the above

a) moving over land

Which of the following will cause a tropical cyclone to weaken or dissipate? a) moving over land b) moving over a region of warmer sea-surface temperatures c) weak vertical wind shear d) all of the above

d) the Coriolis force is too weak at the equator

Why don't hurricanes form along the equator? a) the sea surface temperatures are too hot at the equator b) the upper-level winds are too weak at the equator c) there is too much land along the equator d) the Coriolis force is too weak at the equator

c) the high winds on the right side create large waves just forward of the storm

Why is the front-right quadrant of a hurricane the most hazardous for ships? a) the storm surge is at its lowest point in that quadrant b) there are more tornadoes there than in the other quadrants c) the high winds on the right side create large waves just forward of the storm d) the winds and waves are most amplified by the Coriolis force in that quadrant

a) because of inadequate building inspections during construction

Why were many houses built after 1980 more severely damaged by Hurricane Andrew than those built earlier? a) because of inadequate building inspections during construction b) because the dade county building codes were usually lax c) because homes built after 1980 were less likely to be sheltered from the winds by large, sturdy trees

Typhoon Tip - NW pacific ocean - October 12, 1979

___________ was the most "intense" hurricane according to records. - central pressure: 870 mb - sustained winds: 190 mph

hurricane mitch; the great hurricane of 1780

____________ is the second deadliest atlantic hurricane and the first is _______________.

recurving

_____________ is when westward moving storms in deep tropics drift far enough north, they move back toward the east as they feel the westerly (eastward) winds in mid-latitudes.

vertical wind shear

_____________ occurs when winds change w/ height. - kills hurricanes - source of rotation for tornadoes

high winds

______________ create storm surge.

sea level rise

__________________ led to 27 square miles of more flooding during Sandy and affected 83,000 more people.

just outside the eye on the right side of the track

a hurricane is making landfall in the N hemisphere, heading directly perpendicular to the coast. where will the most damage tend to occur?

e) 1887 - no satellites, several storms probably went undetected

all the following seasons nominally had 19 tropical storms in the atlantic. in reality, which one probably had the most? a) 2012 b) 2011 c) 2010 d) 1995 e) 1887

10%

approximately what percentage of new orleans' car-less population was the superdome supplied to accommodate? a) 10% b) 25% c) 50% d) 75%

deep tropics

easterlies come from _________________.

right-hand side

higher waves are generated in the _____________ of the hurricane.

- by aircraft (NOAA and air force units) - other observed by satellite

how do we estimate winds in atlantic storms that threaten the U.S.?

28 - total of more than 50 in the next several days - left 75% of the city underwater - largely attributed to design flaws

how many levee failures occurred in the first 24 hours during hurricane katrina?

112,000; 484,000

how many people did NOT have access to vehicles in new orleans? what was the total population of new orleans?

- confusion about NOAA forecasts (NHC or local offices to issue the warnings?) - confusion about insurance (large deductibles for hurricane insurance - not necessary to pay since it was NOT a hurricane)

hurricane sandy's transition to an extratropical storm caused confusion about what 2 things?

1) sea surface temperatures in the tropical north Atlantic - local effect of SST beneath the hurricanes 2) Presence of El Nino or La Nina

hurricane season forecasts are largely based on what? (2 things)

coriolis force; latent heat release

hurricanes only need _________________ for rotation and need __________________ within the center to fuel strong winds.

the flow

hurricanes tend to move with _____________ in their surrounding environment.

an intense mid-latitude cyclone i.e. hurricane john became low that influenced alaska

hurricanes that recurve over an ocean can be come what?

darker

if we want IR images to look similar to B/W visible images, hotter areas should appear (lighter/darker) than cooler areas.

3

in one day, the avg hurricane at sea dumps about ______ times the fresh water consumed in the U.S.

2005 - all lanes head out of town

in what year did new orleans improve its contra-flow planning?

climate change

katrina informs us about human reactions to ___________________.

upper troposphere in the eye

latent heat release causes which part of a hurricane to be the warmest (compared to the environment)?

1) warm core 2) no cold/warm fronts 3) organized deep thunderstorms

list the 3 components of the NWS definition of a hurricane.

darker; their temps are close to those of the surface

low clouds look ______________ in IR because ________________.

white; black

space is (black/white) in IR and (black/white) is invisible

wind blowing H2O against the shore.

storm surge is produced primarily by ______________________.

local drop in pressure near the eye.

storm surge is produced secondarily by ______________________.

b) were laced w/ chemicals and sewage

the flood waters in new orleans... a) receded rapidly after the storm b) were laced w/ chemicals and sewage c) provided welcoming fishing opportunities for those stranded in high water

a) late summer and early fall; sea surface temperatures

tropical cyclone activity in the North Atlantic basin usually peaks in ___________ when ______________ are the warmest. a) late summer and early fall; sea surface temperatures b) late spring and early summer, sea surface temperatures c) late summer and early fall; air temperatures at upper levels d) late spring and early summer; air temperatures at upper levels

true

true or false: color can be added to IR images to highlight the coldest (highest) clouds

true - 259 killed - 153 died in floods in Virginia mountains

true or false: hurricane camille killed more people in the mountains of Virginia than on the gulf coast

true

true or false: hurricanes also influence their own track

false - hurricanes never come ashore in WA as tropical cyclone (they don't impact as hurricanes)

true or false: hurricanes never impact WA state

false

true or false: it is safe to cross fast moving flood waters as long as they are no deeper than mid-calf

true

true or false: one-day intensity forecasts are NOT improving, but track forecasts are getting better

false - disaster had been repeatedly predicted - major articles had appeared frequently in popular press

true or false: prior to Katrina there had hardly been any studies suggesting hurricane impacts on New Orleans could become that severe.

fale - initially forecast by European Center - led to improvements in NWS computing resources - key issue: forecast lead time

true or false: the NWS initially forecast Sandy

true - Coriolis force too weak at equator

true or false: tropical cyclones don't occur very near the equator because the Coriolis force is not strong enough to organize them

El Nino

vocab term: - is the absence of typical cold conditions in the eastern equatorial pacific - warm anomaly (difference from average conditions) - influences the atmosphere by shifting thunderstorm activity eastward along the equator

mid-latitudes

westerlies come from _________________.

1) astronomical tide (2 high, 2 low per day) 2) storm surge (generated by hurricane) 3) high waves ride on top of storm tide

what 3 factors influence storm tide?

1) wind speed (major) 2) drop in pressure (minor) 3) shape of seafloor/beach slope 4) path of hurricane relative to coast

what 4 factors influence storm surge?

1) over land or cold H2O 2) into a region of strong vertical wind shear

what are 2 places where hurricanes usually die?

- hurricane ties connect rafters to top of the wall - ring shank nails for roof sheathing

what are some examples of the ways construction upgraded to protect against hurricanes after Andrew?

1) knowing the current state of the atmosphere 2) modeling how the atmosphere will evolve from its current state - computer models solve complex partial differential equations - statistical models based on similar past events

what are the 2 major forecasting challenges?

1) tropical disturbance 2) tropical depression 3) tropical storm 4) hurricane

what are the 4 stages of hurricane development?

a) when winds push water away from coast

what causes negative storm surge? a) when winds push water away from coast b) when pressure in the hurricane is very high c) when more dense cold water comes to the surface

variant of Dvorak scale - shape and evolution of the storm - difference in IR temps between eye/eyewall

what is wind speed estimated by?

elevated living quarters

what major change in construction occurred after Katrina?

visible images

what type of satellite image? - black and white photo of clouds and surface - not useful at night (can't loop images for long periods)

IR (infrared) images

what type of satellite image? - satellite senses the temp of the clouds and surface - available day and night

"blue roof" program - temporary plastic roofs - delays because of transportation

what was installed immediately to avoid mold damage in houses after Maria?

government estimate: 46 deaths new study estimate: 4600+

what was the official government estimate of deaths from hurricane maria? what does a new study estimate?

the superdome - refuge and "last resort" - citizens warned to bring their own supplies - municipal buses carried some people to superdome

what was the second option for people stuck without a vehicle?

when the storm encounters the mountains after it has come ashore and weakened

when does rainfall and flooding become the most severe?

the northward increase in coriolis force

when hurricanes move from the east in the deep tropics, they tend to angle north due to what reason?

b) high tide because there's more flooding - storm surge rides on top of the waves

when is it the worst time for storm surge to arrive at the coast? a) low tide because changes are more abrupt b) high tide because there's more flooding c) when the tide generates the biggest waves

puerto rico (2018) - 60,000 power poles toppled by storm - decaying grid - extremely slow reconstruction efforts

where and when was the biggest blackout in U.S. history?

ernest morial convention center - directed by police/word of mouth - no supplies, food, H2O

where were thousands of people directed to as an unofficial evacuation center during hurricane katrina?

Bangladesh

which country is particularly susceptible to strong storm surges due to a shallow sloping sea floor and its location at the top of a funnel-shaped bay?

hurricane andrew

which hurricane exposed weaknesses in home construction?

hurricane george - traffic is mess - storm misses new orleans

which hurricane in 1998 triggered the first evacuation in new orleans in 20 yrs?

hurricane ivan - monumental highway construction - storm misses new orleans

which hurricane in 2004 tests new orleans' hurricane improvements?

hurricane harvey (2017)

which hurricane ties Katrina for costliest hurricane ever?

hurricane/tropical storm Irene

which hurricane? - 12th most costly - 56 killed

hurricane camille

which hurricane? - 259 people killed - 153 died in floods in virginia mountains

hurricane sandy

which hurricane? - about $65 billion in damages - US Seaside Heights, NJ - Fatalities in US (73), Haiti (54), and Cuba (11)

tropical cyclone mekunu

which hurricane? - currently hitting Salalah, Oman - category 3 - 2 ships capsized, 40 people missing

hurricane john (1994)

which hurricane? - longest lived = 31 days - no deaths, only minor damage - avoided land, cold H2O, and high wind shear region - 46 people killed - more trees down than the annual timber harvest of WA + OR - damage = $2 billion in today's dollars

cyclone chapala (2015)

which hurricane? - only hurricane-force tropical cyclone ever to hit nearby Yemen - extremely rare event

hurricane maria

which hurricane? - rapidly intensified from tropical storm to category 5 - direct hit on puerto rico as category 4

hurricane mitch

which hurricane? - second deadliest atlantic hurricane - 18,974 killed - $6.1 billion in damage - major damage to honduras and nicaragua

hurricane patricia (2015)

which hurricane? - strongest ever in W hemisphere - intensified really fast = tropical storm to category 5 in 24 hours - 215 mph sustained winds

typhoon haiyan (2013)

which hurricane? - strongest hurricane at landfall - 195 mph sustained winds - over 6300 people killed

hurricane irma

which hurricane? - strongest storm ever in open atlantic ocean - 180 mph winds - 134 deaths - massive damage to florida keys in U.S. and caribbean islands

cyclone sagar

which hurricane? - tropical storm-strength, recently hit somalia - 50+ fatalities - floods inundated farms, killing people and animals

hurricane harvey

which hurricane? - wettest hurricane to hit U.S. - 60" of rainfall - 100+ deaths

d) all of the above

which of the following are necessary for hurricane formation? a) weak vertical wind shear b) sea surface temps above 80F c) some coriolis effect d) all of the above

c) the sea surface temperatures are too low to sustain tropical cyclones

which of the following is a reason why tropical storms do not form over the southeastern pacific ocean? a) the effects of El Nino are so strong in this region that tropical cyclones cannot form b) the vertical wind shear is too weak and thus the cyclone cannot sustain strong updrafts c) the sea surface temperatures are too low to sustain tropical cyclones d) the coriolis force is too weak and cannot create a tropical cyclone's rotation

d) all of the above

which of the following is needed for a storm to be considered tropical? a) warm core b) organized thunderstorms c) no warm/cold fronts d) all of the above

the Fantome

which ship lost all 31 crew members after hurricane mitch changed its course?

right-hand side

which side of the hurricane gets higher winds (is worse)?

tropical disturbance

which stage in hurricane development? - cluster of thunderstorms w/ weak winds - avg of about 80/season in atlantic basin

tropical depression

which stage in hurricane development? - cyclonic circulation evident, winds up to 38 mph

tropical storm

which stage in hurricane development? - winds between 39 and 73 mph - storm gets a name - avg of 11/season in atlantic

hurricane

which stage in hurricane development? - winds greater than 74 mph - avg of 6/season in atlantic

left front - cyclones spin in opposite direction in S hemisphere

which tropical cyclone quadrant is the most dangerous in the S hemisphere?

annular tropical cyclones

which type of hurricane? - circular symmetry - 4% of all hurricanes - relatively intense storms - intensity more constant over time - i.e. hurricane isabel

2005

which year were atlantic hurricanes the most active? - 28 tropical storms - 15 hurricanes - 7 major hurricanes

Clement Wragge

who is given credit to giving tropical cyclone names?

katrina was larger making the stronger surge

why did Katrina (category 3) create a stronger surge than Camille (category 5)?