HWS Unit 2 Test

Tokugawa Shogunate

1543-1648- open access which altered Japanese culture 1648- Expelled all Christian missionaries, banned all western merchants, forbid overseas travel, they persecuted any Japanese Christians, virtual isolation. (Japan).

3 legged trade network

1st leg- merchant ships brought goods from Africa to be traded for slaves 2nd leg- "Middle Passage" slaves were transported to the West Indies 3rd leg- captives were traded with goods, these goods were shipped to Europe or European colonies in the Americas

Conquistador

A Spanish conqueror of the Americas

joint-stock company

A company made up of a group of shareholders. Each shareholder contributes some money to the company and receives some share of the company's profits and debts.

British East India Company

A joint stock company that controlled most of India during the period of imperialism. This company controlled the political, social, and economic life in India for more than 200 years.

Middle Passage

A voyage that brought enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to North America and the West Indies

Line of Demarcation

All lands discovered to the east of the line would belong to the Portuguese, all lands discovered west of the line would belong to the Spanish.

Olaudah Equiano

An antislavery activist who wrote a famous account of his enslavement.

Astrolabe

An instrument used by sailors to determine their location by observing the position of the stars and planets

Incas

Ancient civilization (1200-1500AD) that was located in the Andes in Peru

Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz

Author, poet, and musician of New Spain; eventually gave up secular concerns to concentrate on spiritual matters.

1494- Portugal claimed....

Brazil

Peasants didn't live in __________ because of the harsh conditions

Canada

Trading spices caused Europeans to...

Explore the oceans

Bartolome de Las Casas

First bishop of Chiapas, in southern Mexico. He devoted most of his life to protecting Amerindian peoples from exploitation. His major achievement was the New Laws of 1542, which limited the ability of Spanish settlers to compel Amerindians to labor.

3 G's

God, Gold, and Glory

How did Prince Henry "the navigator" contribute to Portuguese Exploration?

He funded and organized many different trips to explore other parts of the seas ad to find gold. He also established a sailing school for the voyages.

Why did Columbus want to find new trade routes?

He wanted to find a new way to India instead of going through the middle men.

Henry Hudson

He wanted to find a northwest passage to India, he was the first English explorer in the new world.

John Cabot

He wanted to form settlements, he claimed canada for England.

Islamic Crusades

In 1700s the Islamic revival started happening in Africa.

Why would it have been risky for on e person to finance the establishment of a whole colony?

It would be risky, because if you put in large sums of money and make no profit you will lose a lot of money.

Columbus

Italian navigator who discovered the New World in the service of Spain while looking for a route to China (1451-1506)

Who was the first person to circumnavigate the world?

Magellan

In the 1400's what 2 groups controlled trade between Asia and Europe

Muslim and Italian merchants

3 effects of European exploration in the Eastern Hemisphere

New trade routes, new goods, more knowledge

Bartolomeu Dias

Portuguese explorer who in 1488 led the first expedition to sail around the southern tip of Africa from the Atlantic and sight the Indian Ocean.

Vasco da Gama

Portuguese explorer. In 1497-1498 he led the first naval expedition from Europe to sail to India, opening an important commercial sea route.

What was the "cartaz strategy"?

Portuguese would force other sailors to buy a trading license.

French's empire stretched from...

Quebec-Louisiana

Korea

Restricted trade - no trade with Europe, looked down on merchants, allowed trade with china and japan, killed any shipwrecked sailors, isolated. During this isolation they experienced a golden age.

Navigation Acts

Series of laws that restricted the use of foreign shipping for trade between England and the colonies.

Hernan Cortes

Spanish conquistador who defeated the Aztecs and conquered Mexico (1485-1547)

Francisco Pizarro

Spanish explorer who conquered the Incas in what is now Peru and founded the city of Lima (1475-1541).

The Council of the Indies

Spanish government body that issued all laws and advised king on all issues dealing with the New World colonies.

Where did the Dutch have control in Asia?

The Banda Islands and parts of Indonesia

Which European power had the largest North American empire in the 1700's?

The French

What effect did the Portuguese have on Indian Ocean trade?

The Portuguese found a way around Africa to get to the Indian Ocean.

Treaty of tordesisllas

The Spanish and Portuguese agreed to the line of demarcation

What were the advantages of financing a colony through a joint-stock company over one individual funding the whole thing.

The advantages were that if the colony or idea failed every person only lost a little bit of money instead of one loosing a lot of money.

Mercantilisim

The basic economic and political theory by which seventeenth- and eighteenth- century European powers governed their overseas colonies.

How did southern colonies economy differ from northerners?

The economy in New England mostly dealt wit raw materials. In the south the economy was centered around plantations.

The Columbian Exchange

The exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and technologies between the Americas and the rest of the world following Columbus's voyages.

Arabs

The largest ethnic group in the Middle East

Describe the diversity of native cultures before European contact.

There was a lot of diversity in North America before the colonists arrived because of how many different tribes there were.

Quing Dynasty

They defeated the Ming in 1644, outside invaders, felt superior, adopted Chinese culture, forbid intermarriage, manufacturing increased, trade increased, new crops. They traded with Europe but with major restrictions.(china)

How did Dias and Da Gama con tribute to achieving the Portuguese goal of directly entering the Indian Ocean trade.

They each helped the Portuguese reach their goal because hey made an effort to get around the cape of good hope. Da Gama went un dear the cape of good hope and ended up in the Indian Ocean to trade. Dias rounded the cape of good hope but did not go to the Indian Ocean.

What did the Dutch build in cities they controlled in Asia?

They established trading outposts.

Who did the Tokugawa Shogunate dynasty trade with?

They excepted 1-2 Dutch ships per year at 1 port.

What was the purpose of the colonies?

They gave raw goods to the mother country and the mother country gave them manufactured goods. This benefited the mother country because the more raw goods the more gold.

Why was Columbus supported by Ferdinand and Isabella?

They had nothing to lose, because if he dies or got lost at sea they would lose nothing and if he returned with gold and silver they would be rich again.

Ming Dynasty

They had successful sailors-traveled far, shipbuilding and trade was too expensive to maintain, stopped financing trade in 1433, restored Confucianism, protective of Northern frontier, built up the Great Wall of china, and positive relations with he northern border. The Ming would only trade in exchange for gold and silver. (China)

Why were the Portuguese able to conquer costal cities?

They had the armor and artillery to do so.

How did European trade routes in the Eastern Hemisphere change after the 16th century?

They stopped being central and started to find new routes such as around Africa.

Who did the Ming trade with

They traded with Portugal at first but then started to trade with the Dutch and English with limits.

Why did the Portugese not create colonies in the Indian Ocean region?

They were already powerful enough so they did not have to.

How did people trading around Africa affect the Ottoman Empire?

This affected them, because their middle men were shut down because nobody wanted to have to go through several people and countries to get to a specific good when they could just go around them.

Francis Xavier

This was a man who helped Ignatius of Loyola to start the Jesuits. He also was famous for his number of missionaries he went on to promote Christianity.

How did Portugal's location contribute to assist exploration in the 15th century?

Thy had a big coastline so they were eager to explore. Their background consisted of sailors and ship builders. They didn't have access to historic trade routes. This makes their curiosity and need for exploration natural.

Absolutisim

Total,absolute power is in one's hands (only one ruler)

Jacques Cartier

Tried to find the northwest passage, claimed the area around Montreal Canada's for France.

Futa Toro

West African state formed to defend residents from sale into trans-Atlantic trade

Triangle Trade

a trade route that exchanged goods between the West Indies, the American colonies, and West Africa

Colonial Social Structure

peninsulares/ creoles/ mestizos/ mulatto/ native americans/ african slaves

Affonso I

ruler of Kongo who wanted to establish a modern Christian state and end the slave trade

Prince Henry the Navigator

(1394-1460) Prince of Portugal who established an observatory and school of navigation at Sagres and directed voyages that spurred the growth of Portugal's colonial empire. He also organized many voyages of sea exploration