HY-121 Exam 1
Bonanza
Farms that covered thousands of acers and employed large numbers of anticultural wage workers.
Emergency Banking Act
First New Deal measure that provided for reopening the banks under strict conditions and took the United States off the gold standard.
True
Following the civil war, generals like Philip H. Sheridan set out to destroy the foundations of the American Indian Economy.
House Un-American Activities Committee
Formed in 1938 to investigate subversives in the government and holders of radical ideas more generally;
Dust bowl
Great plains counties where millions of tons of topsoil were blown away from parched farmland in the 1930s; massive migration of farm families followed.
True
In 1869, President Ulysses S. Grant announced a new "peace policy" in the west
True
In 1882 and again in 1902, the United States Congress passed laws excluding immigrants from China.
none
In 1900, in the entire South, how many public high schools for blacks existed?
True
In 1925, John Scopes, a public school teacher in Tennessee, was convicted of violating the state's law against the teaching of Charles Darwin's theory of evolution
False
In a show of demographic solidarity on the part of the American people, the Farmers' Alliance, especially in the southern states, welcomed black farmers into the alliance.
Ordered federal troops to be withdrawn from the south
In consequence of the "Bargain of 1877" President Rutherford B. Hayes:
Open door policy
In hopes of protecting the Chinese market for U.S. exports, Secretary of State John Hay Demanded in 1899 that Chinese trade be open to all nations.
The Great Depression
In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the years from 1873 to 1897 were known as:
Be returned to its former owners
In the summer of 1865, President Andrew Johnson ordered nearly all land in federal hands:
Schenck v. U.S.
In what legal case did Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr., declare that the First Amendment did not prevent congress from prohibiting speech that presented a clear and present danger
Steel
In which industry did Andrew Carnegie make his fortune?
British Guiana
In which of the following nations was the institution of slavery replaced by indentured servitude?
True
Inspired in part by President Garfield's assassination by a disappointed office seeker, the Civil Service Act of 1883 created a merit system for federal employees.
The crop-lien system:
Kept many sharecroppers in a state of constant debt and poverty.
Dawes Act
Law passed in 1887 meant to encourage adoption of white norms among Indians; broke up tribal holdings into small farms for Indian Families, with the remainder sold to white purchasers.
The black codes
Laws that sought to regulate the lives of former slaves
The 1887 Dawes Act
Led to the loss of tribal lands and the erosion of Indian cultural traditions
True
Like the American federation of labor, The National American Women's Suffrage Association was infused with the social elitism of the times
The Freedmen's Bureau:
Made notable achievements in improving African-Americans education and health care.
True
More people were killed by the flu (epidemic of influenza) at the end of World War I than died during all the years of fighting that war.
Listed in Proper sequence
Munn V. Illinois; Wabash v. Illinois; Interstate Commerce Act; Lochner v. New York
True
Opposition to Reconstruction resulted from the distaste many southerners had for tax increases that were needed to fund public schools and other improvements, and also because many white southerners could not accepts black Americans voting, holding office, nd enjoying equality before the law.
American Civil Liberties Union
Organization founded during World War I to protest the suppression of freedom of expressing in wartime; played a major role in court cases that achieved judicial recognition of Americans' civil liberties.
KKK
Organized in Pulaski, Tennessee, in 1866 to terrorize former slaves who voted and held political offices during Reconstruction; a revived organization in the 1910's and 1920's
Works Progress Admin
Part of the Second New Deal, it provided jobs for millions of the unemployed on construction and arts projects
Social Gospel
Preached by liberal Protestant clergymen in the last nineteenth and early twentieth centuries; advocated the application of Christian principles to social problems generated by industrialization.
Offered direct relief to the unemployed
President Herbert Hoover's 1932 Reconstruction Finance Corporation did all of the following except:
Liberal internationalist
President Wilsons foreign policy that called for active intervention to remake the world in America's image, and which asserted the view that greater freedom worldwide would follow from increased American investment and trade abroad was called:
True
Segregation was more than a form of racial separation; it was one part of an all-encompassing system of white domination.
True
Some 700 blacks sat in state legislatures during Reconstruction
The 15th Amendment
Sought to guarantee that one could not be denied suffrage rights based on race
The 14th amendment
Specifically defined suffrage as one of the civil rights to which freed people were entitled
Atlanta speech
Speech in which Booker T. Washington repudiated the abolitionist tradition that stressed ceaseless agitation for full equality, urging blacks not to try to combat segregation.
The Peoples Party or Populists
Spoke for all 'producing classes' and embarked on a remarkable effort of community organization and education.
Sit-down strike
Tactic adopted by labor unions in the mid and late 1930s, whereby striking workers refused to leave factories, making production impossible; proved highly effective in the organizing drive of the Congress of Industrial Organization.
The Spanish-American War
The "splendid little war" of 1898 was:
the hays code
The 1922 self-imposed guidelines in the film industry that prohibited depicting adultery, nudity, and long kisses, and barred scripts that portrayed clergymen in a negative light was called:
The Roosevelt Corollary
The American foreign policy principle that held the United States has a right to exercise "an international police power" in the Western Hemisphere was called:
True
The Bargain of 1877 marked the formal end to Reconstruction
True
The Civil Rights era of the 1950's and 1960's is sometimes called the Second Reconstruction
True
The Federal Housing Authority (FHA) ensured millions of mortgages issued by private banks; and during the 1930s, the Federal government set out, for the first time, to build thousands of units of low rent housing for American citizens
True
The Haymarket Affair resulted in the hanging of four convicted anarchists
True
The Knights of labor regarded inequalities of wealth and power as a growing threat to American democracy
True
The National Association for the advancement of colored people (NAACP) launched a long battle for the enforcement of the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments
False
The New American Indian tribes that migrated to the Great Plains were greeted with open arms and friendly words by the Indians already living there.
Cooperative Commonwealth
The Phrase that best captures the vision of the Knights of Labor is:
William Marcy Tweed
The Political "boss" of New York City in the early 1870s was
The ku klux klan
The anti-black, anti-catholic, and anti-Semitic organization that claimed over 3 million members by the mid-1920s was:
John Collier
The commissioner of Indian affairs who launched an "Indian New Deal" that ended a policy of forced assimilation and allowed Indians unprecedented cultural autonomy
William Jennings Bryan
The congressmen from Nebraska who was the democratic Party nominee for president in 1896 and who called for the free coinage of silver was:
True
The country was plunged into an economic depression in 1873, and support among Republicans for further reforms in the South weakened
False
The democrats were the party of big Government; the Republicans were the party of laissez-faire.
True
The election of 1896 is sometimes called the first modern presidential campaign, in part, because of the amount of money spent - William McKinley raised some $10 million, while William Jennings Bryan raised only around $300,000.
False
The fifteenth Amendment granted the vote to white women but not black women
The Intersate Commerce Commission
The first federal agency intended to regulate economic activity, and ensure that railroad rates were reasonable, and favoritism was avoided was?
Gospel of wealth
The idea proposed by Andrew Carnegie in 1889 that those who are wealthy have an obligation to use their resources to improve society
White mans burden
The idea that white imperialism contributed to the progress of civilization.
China
The immigrants facing the harshest reception in late-nineteenth century America were those arriving from:
The Northeast and the Midwest
The industrial revolution in the United States took place principally in:
The farmers alliance
The largest citizens' movement of the nineteenth century was?
Illegal Alien
The law of 1924, established, in effect, for the first time the new category of the ___________
Jacob Coxey
The leader of the band of several hundred unemployed men who marched on Washington in May 1894 to demand economic relief was:
True
The most famous American Indian victory in American history took place in June 1876 when General George A. Custer and his 250 men perished
The readjuster movement
The name for the collation of black Republicans and anti-Redeemer Democrats that governed the state of Virginia from 1879 to 1883 was:
The equal rights amendment
The proposed constitutional amendment to eliminate all legal distinctions "on account of sex" promoted by Alice Paul was:
Versailles Treaty
The treaty signed at the Versailles peace conference
Tulsa, Oklahoma
The worst race riot in American history occurred in 1921, when more than 300 blacks were killed and over 10,000 were left homeless after white mobs burned an all-black section of which city to the ground?
True
Tom Watson, who had earlier been a leading figure in forging an interracial Populist coalition had, by the early twentieth century, emerged as a power in Georgia, whipping up prejudice against African-Americans, Catholics and Jews
Thomas A. Scott and Andrew Carnegie
Two of the Gilded Age's leading business figures were:
False
Under Radical Reconstruction, blacks held most of the South's top election positions.
Sharecropping:
Was preferred by African-Americans to gang labor (because they were less subject to supervision)
The Southern Black Codes:
Were some of the first laws adopted as part of Radical Reconstruction of 1867
Fong Yue Ting
What 1893 United States Supreme Court decision authorized the federal government to expel Chinese immigrants without due process of law?
Plessy v. Ferguson
What landmark United States Supreme Court decision gave approval to state laws requiring separate facilities for white and blacks?
The nation
What was being reconstructed (constructed again) in Reconstruction?
Progress in Poverty
What was the book in which Henry George proposed a "single tax" on real estate that would replace all other taxes?
Lusitania
What was the name of the British liner sunk by a German submarine in May 1915 that resulted in the deaths of more than 1,000 passengers, including 124 Americans?
The American Federation of labor
What was the name of the labor organization of principally white, male, skilled workers that arose in the 1880s and was headed by Samuel Gompers?
Alfred T. Mahan, The Influence of Sea Power upon History
What was the name of the naval officer and his 1890 book that argued that no nation could prosper without a large fleet of ships engaged in international trade, protected by a powerful navy operating overseas bases?
The knights of labor
What was the name of the organization that sought to organize both skilled and unskilled workers, women as well as men, blacks along with whites, and achieved a membership of nearly 800,000 in 1886?
1880
Which census reveled for the first time that there were more non-farming jobs than farming jobs in the United States?
Feared by U.S. Army officials
Which of the following best describes the Ghost Dance?
It is vital that unions include workers of all backgrounds, regardless of race, ethnicity, sex, or skill
Which of the following was not a central principal of the American Federation of Labor?
Using vigilante tactics to intimidate farmers who failed to join the cause
Which of the following was not a leading strategy of the Populists?
A desire to broaden the exposure of Americans to different cultures
Which of the following was not a major reason for America's imperial expansion?
Support black churches and businesses
Which was not a principle task of the Freedmen's Bureau (1865-1870)?
The family, the church, the school
Which were central elements in the lives of post emancipation blacks in the twenty years following the end of the civil war?
Booker T. Washington
Who was the African-American leader who delivered a speech in 1895 at the Atlanta Cotton Exposition urging black Americans to adjust to segregation and stop agitating for civil and political rights?
Nicola Sacco and Bartholomeo Vanzetti
Who were the two immigrants arrested for their participation in a robbery in which a security guard was killed whose case became a cause
Yellow Press
Widely- sold news papers, so called by their critics after the color in which a popular comic strip was printed, that mixed sensational accounts of crime and political corruption with aggressive appeals to patriotic sentiments.
False
With the mechanization of manufacture, skilled workers virtually disappeared from the industrial America.
Not a major cause in the decline of Reconstruction
a deepening of mutual respect between black and white southerners, making Reconstruction seem no longer necessary.
25 Million
between 1870 in 1920, how many immigrants arrived from overseas?
Listed in proper sequence
ratification of Thirteenth Amendment; Tenure of Office Act; impeachment of Johnson; election of Grant
Black Americans who refused to sign labor contracts to work for whites during Reconstruction:
were often convicted of vagrancy and fined; sometimes they were then auctioned off to work for the person who paid the fine.
A religious test
which was not one of the devices used by southern whites to keep blacks from exercising suffrage?
True
"Scalawags" was a derogatory term used to describe southern white Republicans
True
"Vertical Integration" is defined as one company controlling every phase of the business from raw materials to transportation, manufacturing, and distribution.
Not true of the second industrial revolution
A boom in automobile manufacture spurred the rise of oil, rubber, and steel production.
Dollar Diplmacy
A leading characterization of U.S. foreign policy in the early twentieth century was:
William Jennings Bryan
A leading opponent of American imperialism was:
"Waving the bloody shirt" referred to:
A republican attempt to associate Democrats with secession and treason
Anti Imperialist League
A union of writers and social reformers who believed American energies should be directed at home, businessmen fearful of the cause of maintaining overseas outposts, and racists who did not wish to bring non-white populations into the United States
False
According to Social Darwinism, government should seek to help the poor, and build and activist state to regulate the nation's corporations
True
After emancipation, many freedwomen elected to withdraw from work in the fields and focus their energies at home
False
American presidents during the Gilded Age exerted strong, effective leadership.
False
American women overwhelmingly supported the Equal Rights amendment; American men overwhelmingly opposed it
True
An oversupply of cotton on the world market, which led to a sharp decline in prices, contributed to a farmers' revolt and gave rise to the Populist movement.
Non-slave labor in market economy
As meant in the section on the free labor system, define "free labor"
False
At the Battle of Little Big Horn, General George Armstrong Custer's troops were victorious.
False
Beginning about 1880, new immigrants were welcomed with open arms by the American people.
Kansas
Between 1879 and 1880, an estimated 40,000-60,000 African-Americans migrated to:
True
Between 1880 and 1940 there were more white sharecroppers than black sharecroppers
True
By 1900, southern per capita income was only 60 percent of that of the national average.
True
By the early 1890's, a pension system for the Union soldiers, their widows, and children consumed more than 40 percent of the federal budget.
Redeemers
Conservative white Democrats, many of them planters or businessmen, who reclaimed control of the South following the end of Reconstruction.
Social Security Act
Created a system with provisions for a retirement pension, unemployment insurance, disability insurance and public assistance (welfare)
The Enforcement Acts of 1870 and 1871:
Defined crimes that deprived citizens of their civil and political rights as federal offenses, and under these laws President Grant sent federal marshals to arrest hundreds of accused Klansmen.
Carpetbaggers and scalawags
Derisive term for northern emigrants who participated in the republican government of the Reconstruction South; southern white Republicans some former Unionists who supported Reconstruction governments
The Reconstruction Act of March 1867:
Divided the South into five military districts and called for creation of new state governments, with black men given the right to vote.
William Howard Taft
Dollar Diplomacy, the U.S. foreign policy that emphasized economic investment and loans from American banks, rather than direct military intervention, the policy of:
True
During Reconstruction, some 2,000 African-Americans held public office, among them fourteen in the Unites States House of Representatives and two U.S. senators.
True
During the 1872 elections, the Liberal Republicans argued that reconstruction was a failure.
Selective service act
Enacted in 1917, required 24 million men to register with the draft
Civilian Conservation Corp
Established by congress in 1933 and ending in 1942, the program set unemployed young men to work on projects like forest preservation, flood control, and the improvement of national parks and wildlife preserves.