Hydrosphere

Which of these contain most of Earth's water? a. Ocean b. Rivers c. Lakes d. Glaciers

a. Ocean

Which would most negatively impact local water availability? a. floods b. droughts c. hurricanes

b. droughts

Which percentage represents the amount of Earth's water that is found in oceans? a. 3% b. 7% c. 97%

c. 97%

The variety of life in the world or in a particular habitat or ecosystem a. Brackish b. Nekton c. Biodiversity d. Salinity

c. Biodiversity

Which percentage represents the amount of freshwater on Earth? a. 3% b. 23% c. 71%

a. 3%

When water is attracted to other substances, this property is a. Adhesion b. Cohesion c. Surface Tension d. Turbidity

a. Adhesion

Name all organisms that are producers in the ocean. a. Algae b. Coral c. Sea Star d. Turtle

a. Algae

Marine plants and animals that live on or in the ocean floor a. Benthos b. Plankton c. Estuaries d. Nekton

a. Benthos

Organisms that use sulfur and nitrogen compounds to produce food in the absence of sunlight a. Chemosynthesis b. Photosynthesis c. Biodiversity d. Salinity

a. Chemosynthesis

Water molecules being attracted to other water molecules is called: a. Cohesion b. Adhesion c. evaporization d. ionization

a. Cohesion

A crack in the ocean crust that releases mineral rich water that has been heated by the Earth's interior a. Hydrothermal Vent b. Brackish c. Plankton d. Biodiversity

a. Hydrothermal Vent

Which best describes the importance of an aquifer? a. It holds uncontaminated ground water for human consumption b. It supplies all water for lakes and rivers c. It provides water for oceans

a. It holds uncontaminated ground water for human consumption

An ocean community of organisms and the non-living factors that affect them a. Marine Ecosystems b. Estuaries c. Biodiversity d. Brackish

a. Marine Ecosystems

Which is an action people can take to protect the water supply? a. Turn off faucets while brushing teeth b. Continue to run water while washing dishes c. Pour cooking oil down kitchen drains after cooking d. Water outside plants during the middle of the day

a. Turn off faucets while brushing teeth

Which does an increase in eutrophication indicate to scientists studying a body of water? a. an increase in fertilizer runoff b. a decrease in pollutants from farm runoff c. an increase in the health of the body of water d. an increase in oxygen levels in the body of water

a. an increase in fertilizer runoff

Which is one way people can help prevent the pollution of lakes and rivers? a. by controlling soil erosion around lakes and rivers b. by clearing land around lakes and rivers to build homes c. by limiting the amount of fish caught in lakes and rivers d. by creating hiking and biking trails along lakes and rivers

a. by controlling soil erosion around lakes and rivers

The upwelling of deep ocean currents in come areas results in a. nutrient rich water b. rough seas c. a decrease in marine life d. flooding of the coasts

a. nutrient rich water

Where does all water on earth eventually flow? a. oceans b. ponds c. river

a. oceans

Which is the most important reason why findings of water quality studies need to be communicated to policy makers? a. so laws can be enacted to protect the hydrosphere b. so policy makers will begin to conserve water personally c. so laws protecting the environment can have fewer penalties

a. so laws can be enacted to protect the hydrosphere

What is the movement of cold, nutrient-rich waters from the bottom of the ocean, promoting algae growth? a. upwelling b. deposition c. precipitation d. eutrophication

a. upwelling

Mary pours 1,000 mL of water into a beaker to represent all of the water on Earth. She then measures out 800 mL and puts it into another beaker. Which portion of Earth's water is most closely represented by the 800 mL? a. water in the ocean b. water in the ground c. water in lakes and rivers d. water trapped in polar ice caps

a. water in the ocean

If a newly discovered fish species is found to live in mildly acidic water, which is the best estimate of the pH range for the water? a. 0-2 b. 5-6 c. 7-8 d. 13-14

b. 5-6

How do deep-water bacteria in the ocean make food? a. Photosynthesis b. Chemosynthesis c. Respiration d. Rifting

b. Chemosynthesis

Marine animals that can actively swim a. Upwelling b. Nekton c. Plankton d. Brackish

b. Nekton

Which is the most important reason for maintaining clean water? a. Energy cannot be generated without water b. Organisms cannot live and grow without water c. Goods cannot be transported easily without water d. People cannot maintain proper hygiene without water

b. Organisms cannot live and grow without water

Which best describes most of Earth's water? a. Freshwater b. Saltwater c. Drinking Water

b. Saltwater

The EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) regulates the level of turbidity in drinking water to protect public health. The EPA sets the limit at 0.3 NTU (Nephelometric Turbidity Units). The data shows the turbidity level of four samples taken from the same location over four consecutive days. Based on the data, which best explains the quality of the drinking water? a. The drinking water is safe because the first two samples are below the recommended limit b. The drinking water is unsafe because the last two samples are above the recommended limit c. The drinking water is unsafe because the last two samples are below the recommended limit d. The drinking water is safe because the average of the samples is below the recommended limit

b. The drinking water is unsafe because the last two samples are above the recommended limit

Which best describes the water distribution in an estuary? a. The saltwater is closer to the surface than the freshwater b. The freshwater is closer to the surface than the saltwater c. The saltwater is found closer to the bank, and the freshwater is found closer to the center d. The freshwater is found closer to the bank, and the saltwater is found closer to the center

b. The freshwater is closer to the surface than the saltwater

How are indicator species like a warning system for bodies of water? a. They indicate when food sources are declining b. Their illness or death indicates pollution in an aquatic ecosystem c. They indicate when predators are reducing the numbers of a species d. Their illness or death indicates the body of water is becoming more populated

b. Their illness or death indicates pollution in an aquatic ecosystem

_______ is the universal solvent because it dissolves most substances. a. Oxygen b. Water c. Salt d. Gatorade

b. Water

Which most likely has the highest number of contaminants in the water? a. a water system with moderate turbidity b. a water system with high turbidity c. a water system with low turbidity d. a water system with no turbidity

b. a water system with high turbidity

Which characteristic of a cold-water upwelling near the coast of Northern California results in a large concentration of marine organisms? a. loss of thermal stability b. high nutrient concentration c. consistent surface-current flow rate d. increased availability of dissolved oxygen

b. high nutrient concentration

Which is an unlikely source of water for a river basin? a. melting snow b. ocean water c. melting ice

b. ocean water

What resource would be greatly reduced if microscopic algae in the oceans were to disappear? a. water b. oxygen c. carbon dioxide d. organic nitrogen

b. oxygen

Which are the most abundant dissolved gases in ocean water? a. nitrogen and carbon dioxide b. oxygen and carbon dioxide c. oxygen and methane d. nitrogen and sulfide

b. oxygen and carbon dioxide

Which is a measure of the dissolved solids/salt in saltwater? a. density b. salinity c. thermocline d. temperature

b. salinity

In what part of the ocean are microbes making half of the world's oxygen? a. estuaries b. surface of the ocean c. bottom of the ocean d. hydro-thermal vents

b. surface of the ocean

Where does most of the salt in the ocean come from? a. Wind b. Fish c. Rocks on Land d. Human Activities

c. Rocks on Land

A family living in a house needs to dig a new well before they will have usable water. Several options for the well location are shown in the diagram. Which location would be the best choice for the new well? a. Q b. R c. S d. T

c. S

Which best explains why inhabitants of an estuary must adapt to frequent environmental changes? a. Estuaries receive little sunlight. b. The water temperature is constantly warm. c. The salinity of the water is constantly changing. d. Low levels of oxygen are absorbed by the water.

c. The salinity of the water is constantly changing.

Why are estuaries an important habitat for many organisms? a. There are more predators in estuaries as compared to the open ocean b. There are fewer nutrients in estuaries as compared to the open ocean. c. There is more food available in estuaries as compared to the open ocean d. There is more salt available in estuaries as compared to the open ocean

c. There is more food available in estuaries as compared to the open ocean

The movement of cold, nutrient rich water from the deep ocean into shallow areas a. Photosynthesis b. Benthos c. Upwelling d. Nekton

c. Upwelling

Which would most likely result in an unhealthy aquatic habitat? a. a decrease in turbidity b. a decrease in nitrates levels c. an increase in water temperature d. an increase in dissolved oxygen levels

c. an increase in water temperature

Where does most fresh water exist? a. ice caps, lakes, and streams b. glaciers, rivers, and oceans c. aquifers, ice caps, and glaciers

c. aquifers, ice caps, and glaciers

Why is water from an aquifer more likely to be cleaner than water from other sources? a. because it forms where fresh water and saltwater meet b. because it rises to the surface near the ocean c. because pollutants are filtered by rock and soil deep within Earth d. because it recieves water directly from precipitation

c. because pollutants are filtered by rock and soil deep within Earth

The diagram shows the process of upwelling along the coast of South America. Westward blowing trade winds blow the warm surface water from the coast to the ocean. Cool nutrient-rich water from below upwells to the surface. Every three to seven years the trade winds weaken, and an El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) event occurs. Which is the most likely result of an ENSO event? a. decline in the number of cyclones in the Pacific Ocean b. increased number of thunderstorms to the South American mainland c. decline in the fishing industry because of the change in the aquatic food chain d. decline in the number of people scuba diving due to a decrease in the amount of dissolved oxygen

c. decline in the fishing industry because of the change in the aquatic food chain

Which factor most affects how water drains into local watersheds? a. evaporation b. precipitation c. differences in elevation

c. differences in elevation

Which would lead to the greatest reduction of dissolved oxygen in a lake? a. decreased number of fish in the lake b. increased number of fish in the lake c. increased nutrients and algal blooms d. decreased number of plants surrounding the lake

c. increased nutrients and algal blooms

The figure shows the zones of the ocean. Coral reefs require sunlight because reef-building coral contain photosynthetic algae in their tissues. The reefs must sit on the ocean floor for support and must remain underwater to survive. In which ocean zone does a reef most likely thrive? a. oceanic zone b. benthic zone c. neritic zone d. intertidal zone

c. neritic zone

Of the 74% of Earth's surface that is covered in water, which contains the most water? a. lakes b. rivers c. oceans d. streams

c. oceans

Where is most of the freshwater found on Earth? a. atmosphere b. groundwater c. polar ice caps d. rivers and streams

c. polar ice caps

How would excess nutrients in the water affect producers? a. producers would decrease in number and mass b. producers would become consumers c. producers would increase in number and mass d. producers would switch from chemosynthesis to photosynthesis

c. producers would increase in number and mass

Which would most likely cause a sudden increase of nitrates in a waterway? a. spill from an oil tanker b. runoff from a boat yard c. runoff from a golf course

c. runoff from a golf course

Sightly salty, as is the mixture of river water and seawater in estuaries a. Food Web b. Plankton c. Benthos d. Brackish

d. Brackish

Where is most of Earth's freshwater located? a. Oceans b. Rivers c. Lakes d. Frozen in Glaciers

d. Frozen in Glaciers

Which best explains why there is a greater concentration of oxygen located near the ocean's surface? a. Sunlight warms the ocean's temperature and stimulates oxygen production near the surface b. Plankton produces excess amounts of nutrients that remove oxygen levels from the atmosphere c. Marine life gives off oxygen instead of carbon dioxide, which makes the ocean water rich in oxygen d. Plants, which release oxygen, live near the surface of the ocean, where they receive large amounts of sunlight

d. Plants, which release oxygen, live near the surface of the ocean, where they receive large amounts of sunlight

North Carolina is considered to have good water supply because a. it is free of glaciers and ice caps b. it is free of salty water c. it contains more freshwater than saltwater d. it contains rock material that water can move through easily

d. it contains rock material that water can move through easily

Indicators of aquatic health are best observed under which conditions? a. once every ten years b. at the surface, every year c. once a year at many depths d. many times a year at many depths

d. many times a year at many depths