**** I don't know
97) Each gustatory cell extends ______ (or taste hairs) into the surrounding fluids through a narrow taste pore. A) microvilli B) cilia C) flagella D) papillae
A) microvilli
48) A person suffering from can see distant objects more clearly than those that are close. A) hyperopia B) vertigo C) color blindness D) myopia E) cataracts
A) hyperopia
268) Describe the role of the corticobulbar tracts. (Module 13.20A) A) Corticobulbar tracts are descending tracts that carry information or commands from the cerebral cortex to motor nuclei in the brainstem. B) Corticobulbar tracts are descending tracts that carry motor commands from the cerebral cortex to the anterior gray horns of the spinal cord. C) Corticobulbar tracts are ascending tracts that receive sensory information from the internal ear about the position and movement of the head. D) Corticobulbar tracts are ascending tracts that carry information or commands from the sensory nuclei in the brainstem to the cerebral cortex. E) Corticobulbar tracts are ascending tracts that carry sensory information from the anterior gray horns of the spinal cord to the cerebral cortex.
A) Corticobulbar tracts are descending tracts that carry information or commands from the cerebral cortex to motor nuclei in the brainstem.
10) _______ fills the membranous labyrinth. A) Endolymph B) Perilymph C) Interstitial fluid D) CSF E) Plasma
A) Endolymph
285) Define the term general senses. (Module 13.16A) A) General senses are temperature, pain, touch, pressure, vibration, and proprioception and are distributed throughout the body. B) General senses are those with complex receptor structures. C) General senses are those that are localized to our head, including vision and hearing. D) General senses are those that are localized in specific places in the body. E) General senses are those that are internal such as stomach and bladder fullness.
A) General senses are temperature, pain, touch, pressure, vibration, and proprioception and are distributed throughout the body.
258) _____ centers receive information from many association areas and direct extremely complex motor activities such as speech. A) Integrative B) Terminal C) Frontal D) Vocal E) Communication
A) Integrative
220) What effect would increased stimulation of the motor neurons of the red nucleus have on muscle tone? (Module 13.20C) A) It would increase stimulation of skeletal muscles, thereby increasing their muscle tone. B) It would not affect skeletal muscle tone. C) It would increase stimulation of skeletal muscles, thereby decreasing their muscle tone. D) It would decrease stimulation of skeletal muscles, thereby decreasing their muscle tone. E) It would decrease stimulation of skeletal muscles, thereby increasing their muscle tone.
A) It would increase stimulation of skeletal muscles, thereby increasing their muscle tone.
44) Compare olfactory receptors with receptors for the other special senses. (Module 15.1C) A) Olfactory receptors are the dendrites of specialized excitable olfactory neurons, whereas the receptors for the other special senses are receptor cells with inexcitable membranes and form synapses with the processes of sensory neurons. B) Olfactory receptors do not require the CNS for processing the signal, whereas the receptors for the other special senses require processing by the CNS. C) Olfactory receptors have short axons because of their close proximity to the olfactory bulb, whereas the receptors for the other special senses have long axons because they are further away from the CNS. D) Olfactory receptors are at the surface of the olfactory epithelium and can generate a fast action potential, whereas receptors for the other special senses are deep and slower to generate an action potential. E) Olfactory receptors are chemoreceptors and respond to dissolved chemicals, whereas the receptors for the other special senses are mechanoreceptors.
A) Olfactory receptors are the dendrites of specialized excitable olfactory neurons, whereas the receptors for the other special senses are receptor cells with inexcitable membranes and form synapses with the processes of sensory neurons.
162) Which of the following statements concerning the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is false? A) Preganglionic fibers are relatively short and postganglionic fibers are relatively long. B) The actions of the parasympathetic division are more localized than those of the sympathetic division. C) Ganglionic neurons are located in ganglia within or near to effectors. D) The ganglionic neurons always release acetylcholine. E) Preganglionic neurons are located in the brainstem and sacral region of the spinal cord.
A) Preganglionic fibers are relatively short and postganglionic fibers are relatively long.
174) Define sp/anchnic nerves. (Module 14.4A) A) Splanchnic nerves are three groups of nerves - cardiopulmonary, abdominopelvic (greater, lesser, and lumbar), and pelvic (sacral) -~- that supply the viscera. B) Splanchnic nerves are nerves that innervate intramural ganglia in the walls of the kidneys, urinary bladder, terminal portions of the large intestine, and sex organs. C) Splanchnic nerves form nerve plexuses when they intermingle with branches of the vagus nerve similar to the nerve plexuses formed by spinal nerves innervating the limbs, D) Splanchnic nerves form a collection of three cervical sympathetic ganglia (superior, middle, and inferior). E) Splanchnic nerves carry sacral parasympathetic output.
A) Splanchnic nerves are three groups of nerves - cardiopulmonary, abdominopelvic (greater, lesser, and lumbar), and pelvic (sacral) -~- that supply the viscera.
185) Injury to the cervical sympathetic ganglia would not affect the function of the A) lacrimal glands. B) pupils. C) heart. D) lungs. E) salivary glands.
A) lacrimal glands.
152) Explain the function of autonomic ganglia. (Module 14.1C) A) They are ganglionic neurons that innervate visceral effectors. B) They are upper motor neurons whose cell bodies lie within nuclei of the brain or the primary motor cortex. C) They are motor neurons within the central nervous system that are controlled by reflexes based in the spinal cord or brain. D) They are part of the visceral motor neurons in peripheral ganglia. E) They are part of visceral reflex arcs, and most of their activity is a direct reflex response, rather than responses to commands from the hypothalamus.
A) They are ganglionic neurons that innervate visceral effectors.
167) Which neurotransmitter is released at the sympathetic chain ganglia? A) acetylcholine B) norepinephrine C) dopamine D) endorphin E) All of the answers are correct.
A) acetylcholine
191) Sympathetic nerves A) are bundles of postganglionic fibers that innervate organs within the thoracic cavity. B) provoke feelings of sympathy. C) stimulate gastric secretion. D) allow us to relax, rest, and recover. E) control swallowing.
A) are bundles of postganglionic fibers that innervate organs within the thoracic cavity
250) The third and fourth ventricles are linked by a slender canal designated as the A) cerebral aqueduct. B) septum pellucidum. C) central canal. D) interventricular foramina. E) tentorium cerebelli.
A) cerebral aqueduct.
172) Clusters of ganglionic sympathetic neurons that innervate organs in the abdominopelvic region are called _______ ganglia. A) collateral B) suprarenal C) paravertebral D) intramural E) chain
A) collateral
50) The ___ covers most of the exposed surface of the eye. A) conjunctiva B) canthus C) cornea D) iris E) anterior chamber
A) conjunctiva
171) Splanchnic nerves A) consist of axons that synapse in collateral ganglia. B) connect chain ganglia. C) originate from first-order neurons located in the upper five thoracic segments of the spinal cord. D) are formed of parasympathetic fibers. E) control sympathetic function of structures in the thorax.
A) consist of axons that synapse in collateral ganglia.
47) Olfactory glands A) group as olfactory bulbs. B) react to aromatic molecules. C) coat the olfactory epithelium with a pigmented mucus. D) house the sense of smell. E) support the olfactory epithelium.
A) group as olfactory bulbs.
111) Stimulation of the neurons in the celiac ganglion would lead to A) hydrolysis of liver glycogen reserves. B) increased heart rate. C) activation of ventral sweat glands. D) relaxation of the urinary sphincter. E) increased gastric motility.
A) hydrolysis of liver glycogen reserves.
286) Which of the following is not found in the medulla oblongata? A) nuclei for CN V, VI, and VIl. B) reticular formation. C) solitary nucleus. D) respiratory rhythmicity centers. E) olivary nucleus.
A) nuclei for CN V, VI, and VIl.
143) Which of the following visceral reflexes is not coordinated by the medulla oblongata? A) pupillary reflex B) coughing reflex C) cardioacceleratory reflex D) baroreceptor reflex E) swallowing reflex
A) pupillary reflex
298) The pons contains all of the following structures except the A) pyramids that contain motor tracts originating in the cerebral cortex. B) transverse fibers that link the pons with the cerebellum. C) tracts that link the cerebellum with the brainstem. D) nuclei concerned with the control of respiration. E) sensory and motor nuclei for cranial nerves V, VI, VIl, and VIll.
A) pyramids that contain motor tracts originating in the cerebral cortex.
75) Visual pigments are derivatives of the compound A) rhodopsin. B) opsin. C) retinal. D) transducin. E) cGMP.
A) rhodopsin
95) Movement of the endolymph in the semicircular canals A) signals rotational movements. B) signals body position with respect to gravity. C) produces a rushing sound. D) allows us to hear low tones. E) signals linear acceleration.
A) signals rotational movements.
118) Name the two types of motor pathways. (Module 14.7B) A) somatic and visceral B) sensory and somatosensory C) external and internal D) peripheral and visceral E) sympathetic and parasympathetic
A) somatic and visceral
153) Two terms that both refer to internal organs are A) splanchnic and viscera. B) somatic and preganglionic. C) viscera and somatic. D) sympathetic and parasympathetic. E) splanchnic and ganglionic.
A) splanchnic and viscera.
219) Difficulties in estimating temporal relationships between events may stem from damage to A) the prefrontal cortex. B) the general interpretive area. C) the temporal lobe. D) Wernicke's area. E) Broca's area.
A) the prefrontal cortex.
137) The statement " There is always a synapse in a peripheral ganglion between the CNS and the effector organ" is A) true for both the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems. B) not true for either the parasympathetic or sympathetic nervous systems. C) true only for the somatic nervous system. D) true only for the sympathetic nervous system. E) true only for the parasympathetic nervous system.
A) true for both the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems.
40) Sound waves are converted into mechanical movements by the A) tympanic membrane. B) round window C) oval window. D) cochlea. E) auditory ossicles.
A) tympanic membrane.
169) Which nerve carries most of the parasympathetic outflow? (Module 14.4C) A) vagus nerve B) glossopharyngeal nerve C) facial nerve D) occulomotor nerve E) abducens nerve
A) vagus nerve
195) What brain structure is considered to be the headquarters for the ANS? (Module 14.11A) A) midbrain B) thalamus C) hypothalamus D) pons E) medulla oblongata
C) hypothalamus
240) Damage to the corpora quadrigemina would interfere with A) visual and auditory reflex movements of the head and neck. B) subconscious control of skeletal muscles of the upper limbs. C) regulation of body temperature. D) control of muscle tone. E) control of breathing.
A) visual and auditory reflex movements of the head and neck.
122) Parasympathetic stimulation A) increases heart rate. B) increases gastric motility. C) causes the pupils to dilate. D) causes blood vessels in the skin to dilate. E) causes sweat glands to secrete.
B) increases gastric motility.
184) Preganglionic fibers of parasympathetic pelvic nerves synapse on neurons located within ______ ganglia. A) inferior mesenteric B) intramural C) coccygeal D) ciliary E) pterygopalatine
B) intramural
272) Explain adaptation, and differentiate between peripheral adaptation and central adaptation. (Module 13.17C) A) Adaptation is an increase in receptor sensitivity in the presence of constant stimulation. Peripheral adaptation reduces the amount of information sent to the CNS. In central adaptation, the awareness of the stimulus virtually disappears. B) Adaptation is a decrease in receptor sensitivity in the presence of constant stimulation. Peripheral adaptation reduces the amount of information sent to the CNS. In central adaptation, the awareness of the stimulus virtually disappears. C) Adaptation is a decrease in receptor sensitivity in the presence of constant stimulation. Peripheral adaptation increases the amount of information sent to the CNS. In central adaptation, the awareness of the stimulus is enhanced. D) Adaptation is an increase in receptor sensitivity in the presence of constant stimulation. Peripheral adaptation increases the amount of information sent to the CNS. In central adaptation, the awareness of the stimulus is enhanced. E) Adaptation is a decrease in receptor sensitivity in the presence of constant simulation. In peripheral adaptation, the awareness of the stimulus virtually disappears. Central adaptation reduces the amount of information received by the CNS.
B) Adaptation is a decrease in receptor sensitivity in the presence of constant stimulation. Peripheral adaptation reduces the amount of information sent to the CNS. In central adaptation, the awareness of the stimulus virtually disappears.
92) All of the following are true regarding the retina except A) It has photoreceptors that do not respond to red light. B) All of the information from the retina goes directly to the occipital cortex C) Axons carrying its output synapse in the lateral geniculate bodies D) It has photoreceptors that do not respond to dim light. E) Ganglion cells send axons to the brain as cranial nerve Il.
B) All of the information from the retina goes directly to the occipital
38) Trace the olfactory pathway, beginning at the olfactory epithelium. (Module 15.2B) A) Axons from the olfactory epithelium bundle together and travel along the olfactory tract. Axons from the olfactory tract go to the olfactory cortex, hypothalamus, and portions of the ventricles. Then the axons from those regions synapse again at the olfactory bulb. B) Axons from the olfactory epithelium bundle together and synapse at the olfactory bulb. Axons from the olfactory bulb travel along the olfactory tract to the olfactory cortex, hypothalamus, and portions of the limbic system. C) Axons from the olfactory epithelium bundle together and synapse at the olfactory bulb. Axons from the olfactory bulb travel along the olfactory tract to the olfactory cortex, basal nuclei, and portions of the reticular formation. D) Axons from the olfactory epithelium bundle together and travel along the olfactory tract. Axons from the tract then synapse at the olfactory bulb. Axons from the olfactory bulb travel to the olfactory cortex, thalamus, and portions of the limbic system. E) Axons from the olfactory epithelium bundle together and synapse at the olfactory bulb. Axons from the olfactory bulb travel directly to the olfactory cortex, olfactory association are and the epithalamus.
B) Axons from the olfactory epithelium bundle together and synapse at the olfactory bulb. Axons from the olfactory bulb travel along the olfactory tract to the olfactory cortex, hypothalamus, and portions of the limbic system.
212) Damage to the lateral geniculate bodies of the thalamus would interfere with what particular function? (Module 13.8A) A) Damage would interfere with the flow of auditory information and thus affect the sense of hearing. B) Damage would interfere with the flow of visual information and thus affect the sense of sight. C) Damage would interfere with the release of melatonin and thus affect circadian rhythms. D) Damage would interfere with the limbic system and thus affect emotional processing. E) Damage would interfere with the flow of somatic sensations and thus affect the sense of touch.
B) Damage would interfere with the flow of visual information and thus affect the sense of sight.
205) If the corpus callosum is surgically cut, which of the following is not true? A) Conscious decisions are made without regard to sensations from the left side. B) Faces seen by the left eye cannot be identified. C) The two cerebral hemispheres operate independently. D) Objects viewed by the left eye can be verbally identified. E) Objects touched by the left hand could be recognized but not verbally identified.
B) Faces seen by the left eye cannot be identified
193) As the result of an accident, the white rami of spinal nerves T1 and T2 on the left side of Brad's body are severed. What organ(s) would you expect might be affected by this injury? A) left and right pupil B) left pupil and heart C) right pupil D) heart E) left pupil
B) left pupil and heart
133) The sympathetic collateral ganglia include all of the following except the A) inferior mesenteric. B) lumbar C) superior mesenteric. D) celiac. E) None of the answers is correct.
B) lumbar
274) Which of the cranial nerves is named for the fact that it "wanders," that is, innervates structures throughout the thorax and abdomen? A) IX B) X C) VIlI D) XI E) XI
B) X
74) In which of the following cases would the focal distance be greater? A) a round lens B) a flat lens C) It doesn't matter, focus distance doesn't change with the shape of the lens.
B) a flat lens
177) Collateral ganglia contain neurons that innervate tissues and organs in which cavity? A) lumbar B) abdominopelvic C) thoracic D) vertebral E) cranial
B) abdominopelvic
25) The first step in the process of photoreception is A) the bleaching of rods. B) absorption of a photon by a visual pigment. C) release of neurotransmitter. D) the bleaching of cones. E) inhibition of the sodium pumps.
B) absorption of a photon by a visual pigment.
128) Autonomic tone is an important aspect of ANS function because it A) provides for a narrow range of control options that keeps target tissues constantly active. B) allows ANS neurons to increase or decrease their activity, providing a range of control options. C) allows ANS neurons to decrease their activity on demand but not increase their activity. D) allows ANS neurons to be silent under normal conditions. E) allows ANS neurons to increase activity on demand but not decrease their activity.
B) allows ANS neurons to increase or decrease their activity, providing a range of control options.
256) Jane suffers from chronic seizures and in order to control the problem undergoes surgery in which the fibers of the corpus callosum are cut. As a result of this surgery she would likely be unable to A) touch her nose with her eyes closed. B) analyze by touch an object in her right hand. C) speak. D) recognize written words. E) move her left arm.
B) analyze by touch an object in her right hand
91) The structure that supports the organ of Corti is the A) tectorial membrane. B) basilar membrane. C) tympanic membrane. D) membranous labyrinth. E) vestibular duct.
B) basilar membrane.
196) Name the plexuses innervated by the vagus nerve. (Module 14.4B) A) brachial, lumbar, and sacral plexuses B) cardiac, celiac, inferior mesenteric, and hypogastric plexuses C) cervical, cardiopulmonary, celiac, and sacral plexuses D) sacral and pelvic plexuses E) cervical, celiac, sacral, and coccygeal plexuses
B) cardiac, celiac, inferior mesenteric, and hypogastric plexuses
76) Where is the spiral organ located? (Module 15.19A) A) saccule of the internal ear B) cochlea of the internal ear C) semicircular ducts of the internal ear D) tympanic membrane of the middle ear E) utricle of the internal ear
B) cochlea of the internal ear
277) The pyramids on the ventral surface of the medulla oblongata are formed by fibers of the _______ tracts. A) corticobulbar B) corticospinal C) vestibulospinal D) reticulospinal E) tectospinal
B) corticospinal
102) The elevated ridges within the ampullae of the semicircular canals that support the hair cells are known as a A) cupula. B) crista ampullaris. C) macula. D) papilla. E) concha.
B) crista ampullaris.
121) Injury to the neurons of a collateral ganglion would affect the function of the A) heart. B) digestive tract. C) pupils. D) arrector pili muscles. E) sweat glands.
B) digestive tract.
265) The cerebellum adjusts motor activity in response to all of the following except A) tactile sensations. B) gustatory information. C) equilibrium-related sensations. D) visual information. E) proprioceptor information.
B) gustatory information
253) The cardiovascular reflexes are based in the A) spinal cord. B) medulla oblongata. C) cerebrum. D) midbrain. E) cerebellum.
B) medulla oblongata.
260) Mechanoreceptors might detect all of the following sensations except A) touch. B) muscle pain. C) muscle length. D) vibration. E) pressure.
B) muscle pain.
208) The cerebral area posterior to the central sulcus is the A) insula. B) parietal lobe. C) frontal lobe. D) temporal lobe. E) occipital lobe.
B) parietal lobe.
45). All of the following are true of the fibrous layer of the eye except that it A) contributes substantial focusing power. B) produces aqueous humor. C) consists of the sclera, limbus, and cornea. D) is where extrinsic eye muscles insert. E) provides mechanical support and some protection for the eye.
B) produces aqueous humor.
214) Which of the following hypothalamic functions is incorrect? A) control feeding reflexes - mammillary bodies B) regulate lactation - preoptic region C) control heart rate and blood pressure - autonomic centers D) secrete antidiuretic hormone - supra-optic nucleus E) secrete oxytocin - paraventricular nucleus
B) regulate lactation - preoptic region
144) Ganglionic neurons in the adrenal gland A) are modified and can't release neurotransmitters. B) release epinephrine into blood capillaries. C) have no known function. D) release acetylcholine into blood capillaries. E) are located in the adrenal cortex.
B) release epinephrine into blood capillaries.
227) What part of the midbrain influences the activity of the entire nervous system? (Module 13.7D) A) cerebral peduncles B) reticular activating system (RAS), a part of the reticular formation C) superior colliculi and inferior colliculi D) substantia nigra E) red nuclei
B) reticular activating system (RAS), a part of the reticular formation
202) Preganglionic fibers that innervate the collateral ganglia form the A) suprarenal medulla. B) splanchnic nerves. C) celiac ganglia. D) inferior mesenteric ganglia. E) sympathetic chain ganglia.
B) splanchnic nerves.
244) A tactile receptor composed of highly coiled dendrites that are surrounded by modified Schwann 244) cells and a fibrous capsule is a A) lamellar corpuscle. B) tactile (Meissner) corpuscle. C) Ruffini corpuscle. D) root hair plexus. E) tactile (Merkel) disc.
B) tactile (Meissner) corpuscle.
71) A loud noise does not cause A) a big pressure pulse entering the cochlear duct at that oval window B) the generation of a wave with a high frequency. C) an alerting reaction leading to sympathetic activation. D) a large movement of the tympanic membrane. E) a large number of hair cells to be stimulated.
B) the generation of a wave with a high frequency
104) The statement "Its ganglia are usually near or within the end organ" is A) true for both the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems. B) true only for the parasympathetic nervous system. C) true only for the sympathetic nervous system. D) true only for the somatic nervous system. E) not true for either the parasympathetic or sympathetic nervous systems.
B) true only for the parasympathetic nervous system.
160) The statement "It sends its preganglionic fibers to terminal or intramural ganglia" is A) true only for the sympathetic nervous system. B) true only for the parasympathetic nervous system. C) true for both the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems. D) not true for either the parasympathetic or sympathetic nervous systems. E) true only for the somatic nervous system.
B) true only for the parasympathetic nervous system.
35) Identify the cranial nerves that carry gustatory information. (Module 15.4B) A) hypoglossal, glossopharyngeal, and accessory nerves B) glossopharyngeal, trigeminal, and abducens nerves C) facial, glossopharyngeal, and vagus nerves D) trigeminal, facial, and accessory nerves E) hypoglossal, olfactory, and trochlear nerves
C) facial, glossopharyngeal, and vagus nerves
278) The choroid plexuses produces CSF at a rate of about A) 150 mL/day. B) 250 mL/day. C) 500 mL/day. D) 1000 mL/day. E) 50 mL/day.
C) 500 mL/day.
170) Describe an intramural ganglion. (Module 14.3B) A) An intramural ganglion is a group of neurons that release neurotransmitters that function as hormones into the general circulation. B) An intramural ganglion is a group of neurons located near the target organ. C) An intramural ganglion is a group of neurons embedded in the tissues of the target organ. D) An intramural ganglion is a group of neurons located near the brainstem. E) An intramural ganglion is a group of neurons located near the spinal cord.
C) An intramural ganglion is a group of neurons embedded in the tissues of the target organ.
189) Mary accidentally ate poisonous mushrooms that contain muscarine. What would not occur? A) constriction of the pupils B) constriction of respiratory passageways C) feeling of euphoria and increased energy D) diarrhea E) reduction in heart rate
C) feeling of euphoria and increased energy
109) Define baroreceptors. Where are baroreceptors located within the body? (Module 14.10A) A) Baroreceptors are thermoreceptors that detect changes in temperature. They are primarily located in the skin and hypothalamus. B) Baroreceptors are chemoreceptors that detect changes in oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations. They are located within the medulla oblongata and in the carotid and aortic bodies. C) Baroreceptors are stretch receptors that detect changes in pressure. They are located along the digestive tract, within the walls of the urinary bladder, in the carotid and aortic sinuses, and in the lungs. D) Baroreceptors are nociceptors that detect pain. They are located throughout the somatic and visceral systems of the body. E) Baroreceptors are chemoreceptors that detect changes in pH. They are located within the medulla oblongata and in the carotid and aortic bodies.
C) Baroreceptors are stretch receptors that detect changes in pressure. They are located along the digestive tract, within the walls of the urinary bladder, in the carotid and aortic sinuses, and in the lungs.
299) Which brain region has been affected in a stroke victim who is unable to speak? (Module 13.12C) A) primary auditory cortex B) auditory association area C) Broca's area D) prefrontal cortex E) Wernicke's area
C) Broca's area
-141) Compare nicotinic receptors and muscarinic receptors. (Module 14.6B) A) Nicotinic receptors binds norepinephrine on the membrane of sympathetic target cells. Muscarinic receptors binds epinephrine on the membrane of sympathetic target cells. B) Nicotinic receptors binds norepinephrine and epinephrine on the membrane of sympathetic target cells. Muscarinic receptors are acetylcholine receptors on the surface of sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglionic cells. C) Nicotinic receptors are acetylcholine receptors on the surface of sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglionic cells. Muscarinic receptors are acetylcholine G protein-coupled receptors located at all parasympathetic neuromuscular and neuroglandular junctions, and at a few sympathetic neuromuscular and neuroglandular junctions. D) Nicotinic receptors are acetylcholine G protein-coupled receptors located at all parasympathetic neuromuscular and neuroglandular junctions, and at a few sympathetic neuromuscular and neuroglandular junctions. Muscarinic receptors are acetylcholine receptors on the surface of sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglionic cells. E) Nicotinic receptors binds epinephrine on the membrane of sympathetic target cells. Muscarinic receptors binds norepinephrine on the membrane of sympathetic target cells.
C) Nicotinic receptors are acetylcholine receptors on the surface of sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglionic cells. Muscarinic receptors are acetylcholine G protein-coupled receptors located at all parasympathetic neuromuscular and neuroglandular junctions, and at a few sympathetic neuromuscular and neuroglandular junctions.
61) Which of the following statements concerning vision is false? A) Fibers of the optic nerve synapse at the lateral geniculates of the thalamus. B) The visual cortex of the brain receives the entire field of vision. C) The entire retina receives equal representation in the visual cortex. D) The image that is formed on the retina is inverted. E) Approximately half of the fibers in each optic nerve cross to opposite sides of optic chiasm.
C) The entire retina receives equal representation in the visual cortex.
107) Preganglionic fibers of parasympathetic neurons are present in all of the following cranial nerves except A) IX. B) X. C) XIl. D) VIl. E) Ill.
C) XIl.
176) Neurons that use norepinephrine as a transmitter are called A) muscarinic. B) cholinergic. C) adrenergic. D) nicotinic.
C) adrenergic.
247) Which spinal tracts carry action potentials generated by nociceptors? (Module 13.19B) A) lateral spinothalamic tracts B) posterior spinothalamic tracts C) anterior spinothalamic tracts D) spinocerebellar pathway E) posterior column pathway
C) anterior spinothalamic tracts
124) A neuron with nicotinic receptors is exposed to acetylcholine. This will not lead to A) entry of sodium ion. B) activation of chemically gated ion channels. C) binding of the nicotine to the channel. D) excitation of the neuron. E) activation of muscarinic receptors.
C) binding of the nicotine to the channel.
98) Which of the following descriptions best matches the term aqueous humor? A) produced by lacrimal glands B) surround the retina C) constantly produced and recycled D) secreted in bright light E) gelatinous fluid that fills posterior chamber
C) constantly produced and recycled
59) When during photoreception is ATP required? (Module 15.12C) A) depolarization of the membrane B) release of neurotransmitters C) conversion of 11-trans retinal back to 11-cis retinal D) activation E) absorbing a photon
C) conversion of 11-trans retinal back to 11-cis retinal
54) Where in the eye is aqueous humor located? (Module 15.7C) A) in the anterior cavity, between the cornea and the retina B) in the posterior cavity, between the cornea and the lens C) in the anterior cavity, between the cornea and the lens D) in the anterior cavity, between the ciliary body and the ora serrata E) in the posterior cavity, between the lens and the retina
C) in the anterior cavity, between the cornea and the lens
123) Sympathetic innervation of the urinary bladder is by way of the ______ ganglion. A) superior mesenteric B) celiac C) inferior mesenteric D) pelvic E) pudendal
C) inferior mesenteric
83) Which structures develop into the retina? (Module 15.5B) A) cornea B) optic nerve C) inner and outer layers of the optic cup D) optic vesicles E) lacrimal apparatus
C) inner and outer layers of the optic cup
236) After suffering a stroke, Mary finds that she cannot move her right arm. This would suggest that the stroke damage is in the area of the lobe. A) occipital B) left temporal C) left frontal D) right temporal E) right frontal
C) left frontal
267) Sensory innervation of the lower teeth and gums is by the ______ nerve. A) maxillary branch of the trigeminal B) hypoglossal C) mandibular branch of the trigeminal D) ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal E) glossopharyngeal
C) mandibular branch of the trigeminal
93) Some neural tissues retain stem cells and thus the capacity to divide and replace lost neurons. Which of these special senses can replace its damaged neural receptors? A) equilibrium B) hearing C) olfaction D) All of the answers are correct. E) None of the answers is correct.
C) olfaction
42) The space between the iris and ciliary body and the lens is the A) vitreous body. B) canal of Schlemm. C) posterior chamber. D) anterior chamber. E) pupil.
C) posterior chamber.
254) Where is the primary motor cortex located? (Module 13.12A) A) occipital lobe of the cerebrum B) temporal lobe of the cerebrum C) precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe of the cerebrum D) parietal lobe of the cerebrum E) postcentral gyrus of the frontal lobe of the cerebrum
C) precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe of the cerebrum
246) The respiratory rhythmicity center is located in the A) left cerebral hemisphere. B) substantia nigra of the midbrain. C) reflex centers of the medulla oblongata. D) arbor vitae of the cerebellum. E) reticular formation of the pons.
C) reflex centers of the medulla oblongata.
241) The spinal tract that normally plays a minor role in the control of the distal muscles of the arms is the ________ tract. A) lateral corticospinal B) anterior corticospinal C) rubrospinal D) reticulospinal E) vestibulospinal
C) rubrospinal
252) Cerebrospinal fluid enters the blood circulation at the A) tentorium cerebelli. B) jugular veins. C) superior sagittal sinus. D) dural drain. E) frontal sinus.
C) superior sagittal sinus.
173) Postganglionic fibers that innervate targets in the body wall or thoracic cavity originate on neurons within A) white rami. B) intramural ganglia. C) sympathetic chain ganglia. D) suprarenal ganglia. E) collateral ganglia.
C) sympathetic chain ganglia.
273) The ________ filters and relays sensory information to the cerebral cortex. A) medulla oblongata B) cerebellum C) thalamus D) cerebrum E) pons
C) thalamus
237) Sensory information is processed and relayed to the cerebrum by the A) cerebellum B) medulla oblongata. C) thalamus. D) pons. E) midbrain.
C) thalamus.
263) Terry suffers from dissociation of memories from their emotional content as the result of an automobile accident. What system of the brain is probably damaged? A) the general interpretive area B) the putamen C) the limbic system D) the thalamus E) the prefrontal lobe
C) the limbic system
223) Sensory encoding of the perceived location of a stimulus depends on A) which labeled line is active. B) the specific sensitivity of the peripheral receptor. C) the specific location of the cortical neuron that is stimulated. D) both the frequency of action potentials and which labeled line is active. E) the frequency of action potentials.
C) the specific location of the cortical neuron that is stimulated.
145) The sympathetic division of the ANS is also known as which of the following? A) craniosacral division B) somatic division C) thoracolumbar division D) resting division E) both somatic division and craniosacral division
C) thoracolumbar division
251) The CNS interprets the _____ of stimulus entirely on the basis of the labeled line over which it arrives. A) intensity B) location C) type D) duration E) adaptation
C) type
113) Which of the following provides preganglionic parasympathetic innervation to structures in the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities? A) sciatic nerves B) splanchnic nerves C) vagus nerves D) pelvic nerves E) glossopharyngeal nerves
C) vagus nerves
138) Define visceral reflex. (Module 14.9A) A) A visceral reflex is a slow, calculated response of the spinal cord following exposure to a single specific somatic stimulus. B) A visceral reflex is an automatic response to a somatic stimulus that is controlled in the spinal cord and can function without input from the brain. C) A visceral reflex is a slow, calculated response of the spinal cord following repeated exposure to specific somatic stimuli. D) A visceral reflex is an autonomic reflex initiated in the viscera. It can be modified, facilitated, or inhibited by higher centers, especially those in the hypothalamus. E) A visceral reflex is when visceral sensory inputs are sent quickly by the spinal cord to the brain for analysis before any response occurs.
D) A visceral reflex is an autonomic reflex initiated in the viscera. It can be modified, facilitated, or inhibited by higher centers, especially those in the hypothalamus.
222) Define corticospina/ tracts. (Module 13.20B) A) Corticospinal tracts are descending tracts that carry information or commands from the cerebral cortex to motor nuclei in the brainstem. B) Corticospinal tracts are ascending tracts that carry sensory information from the anterior gray horns of the spinal cord to the cerebral cortex. C) Corticospinal tracts are ascending tracts that receive sensory information from the internal ear about the position and movement of the head. D) Corticospinal tracts are descending tracts that carry motor commands from the cerebral cortex to the anterior gray horns of the spinal cord. E) Corticospinal tracts are ascending tracts that carry information or commands from the sensory nuclei in the brainstem to the cerebral cortex.
D) Corticospinal tracts are descending tracts that carry motor commands from the cerebral cortex to the anterior gray horns of the spinal cord.
197) Compare the anatomy of the sympathetic division with that of the parasympathetic division. (Module 14.2B) A) In the SNS, axons emerge from the thoracic and lumbar segments of the spinal cord and innervate ganglia relatively close to or within the target organs. In the PNS, axons emerge from the brainstem and sacral segments of the spinal cord and innervate ganglia very close to the spinal cord. B) In the SNS, axons emerge from the cervical and thoracic segments of the spinal cord and innervate ganglia relatively close to or within the target organs. In the PNS, axons emerge from the lumbar and sacral segments of the spinal cord and innervate ganglia very close to the spinal cord. C) In the SNS, axons emerge from the brainstem and sacral segments of the spinal cord and innervate ganglia relatively close to or within the target organs. In the PNS, axons emerge from the thoracic and lumbar segments of the spinal cord and innervate ganglia very close to the spinal cord. D) In the SNS, axons emerge from the thoracic and lumbar segments of the spinal cord and innervate ganglia relatively close to the spinal cord. In the PNS, axons emerge from the brainstem and sacral segments of the spinal cord and innervate ganglia very close to or within the target organs. E) In the SNS, axons emerge from the brainstem and sacral segments of the spinal cord and innervate ganglia relatively close to the spinal cord. In the PNS, axons emerge from the thoracic and lumbar segments of the spinal cord and innervate ganglia very close to or within the target organs.
D) In the SNS, axons emerge from the thoracic and lumbar segments of the spinal cord and innervate ganglia relatively close to the spinal cord. In the PNS, axons emerge from the brainstem and sacral segments of the spinal cord and innervate ganglia very close to or within the target organs.
21) Name the fluids found with in the scala vestibuli, scala tympani, and cochlear duct. (Module 15.19B) A) Perilymph fills the cochlear duct. Endolymph fills the scala vestibuli and the scala tympani. B) Perilymph fills the scala tympani and cochlear duct. Endolymph fills the scala vestibuli. C) Perilymph fills the scala vestibuli. Endolymph fills the scala tympani and cochlear duct. D) Perilymph fills the scala vestibuli and the scala tympani. Endolymph fills the cochlear duct. E) Perilymph fills the scala vestibuli and cochlear duct. Endolymph fills the scala tympani.
D) Perilymph fills the scala vestibuli and the scala tympani. Endolymph fills the cochlear duct.
150) Describe the solitary nuclei. (Module 14.9C) A) They are large tracts of white matter that link the brain with the spinal cord. B) They are large masses of gray matter in the pons that control respiratory rhythmicity centers. C) They are large tracts of white matter that relay sensory information to the cerebellum. D) They are large masses of gray matter on each side of the medulla oblongata that serve as processing sorting centers for visceral sensory information. E) They are large masses of gray matter of each side of the medulla oblongata that relay somatic information to the thalamus.
D) They are large masses of gray matter on each side of the medulla oblongata that serve as processing sorting centers for visceral sensory information.
161) Describe the role of preganglionic neurons. (Module 14.1B) A) They are motor neurons within the central nervous system that are controlled by reflexes based in the spinal cord or brain. B) They are ganglionic neurons that innervate visceral effectors. C) They are upper motor neurons whose cell bodies lie within nuclei of the brain or the primary motor cortex. D) They are part of visceral reflex arcs, and most of their activity is a direct reflex response, rather than responses to commands from the hypothalamus. E) They are part of the visceral motor neurons in peripheral ganglia.
D) They are part of visceral reflex arcs, and most of their activity is a direct reflex response, rather than responses to commands from the hypothalamus.
165) Muscarinic receptors A) are found mostly in autonomic ganglia. B) control sodium channels in the affected membrane. C) always produce an excitatory response. D) are normally activated by acetylcholine. E) are blocked by norepinephrine.
D) are normally activated by acetylcholine.
234) All of the following are properly paired except A) cuneate nucleus - relays somatic sensory information to the thalamus. B) gracile nucleus - relays somatic sensory information to the thalamus. C) inferior olivary complex - relays information from the red nucleus. D) ascending tracts - carry motor information to the thalamus. E) reticular formation - located in the medulla oblongata.
D) ascending tracts - carry motor information to the thalamus.
166) Cell bodies of preganglionic neurons of the autonomic nervous systern are located A) only in the lateral gray horns of the spinal cord. B) only in the posterior gray horns of the spinal cord. C) only in the anterior gray horns of the spinal cord. D) both in the brain stem and in the lateral gray horns of the spinal cord. E) only in the brain stem.
D) both in the brain stem and in the lateral gray horns of the spinal cord.
243) The presence of many large, highly-branched Purkinje cells in a sample of brain tissue indicates that it came from the A) arbor vitae. B) cerebral cortex. C) pons. D) cerebellar cortex. E) medulla.
D) cerebellar cortex.
300) Descending nerve fiber bundles on the ventrolateral surface of the midbrain are the A) tegmenta. B) inferior colliculi. C) corpora quadrigemina. D) cerebral peduncles. E) superior colliculi.
D) cerebral peduncles.
9) A ray of light entering the eye will encounter these structures in which order? A) cornea - aqueous humor - vitreous body - lens - choroids - retina B) vitreous body - retina - choroids - aqueous humor - lens - cornea C) cornea - lens - aqueous humor - vitreous body - retina - choroid D) cornea - aqueous humor - lens - vitreous body - retina - choroid
D) cornea - aqueous humor - lens - vitreous body - retina - choroid
255) As CF circulates, between it and the interstitial fluid of the CNS is unrestricted between and across the ependymal cells. A) perfusion B) osmosis C) conduction D) diffusion E) convection
D) diffusion
154) Damage to the ventral roots of the first five thoracic spinal nerves on the right side of the body would interfere with the ability to A) dilate the left pupil. B) constrict the right pupil. C) smile and frown. D) dilate the right pupil. E) constrict the left pupil.
D) dilate the right pupil.
90) Light passing through the eye along the visual axis strikes what part of the retina? (Module 15.8C) A) ganglion cells B) optic nerve C) bipolar cells D) fovea central is E) optic disc
D) fovea centralis
147) Which brain area is considered to be the headquarters of the ANS? A) limbic system B) thalamus C) cerebral cortex D) hypothalamus E) brain stem
D) hypothalamus
18) The quantity of neurotransmitter that is released by a hair cell corresponds to all of the following except A) is sensitive to which way stereocilia are bent with respect to the kinocilium B) responds to almost any mechanical stimulation of the hair cell. C) determines if a sensory neuron will be excited. D) is greatest when the hair cell is at a neutral position. E) None of the answers is correct.
D) is greatest when the hair cell is at a neutral position.
233) Damage to the tectospinal tracts would interfere with one's ability to A) control motor units located in the leg. B) coordinate eating and swallowing movements. C) position the arms. D) make reflex responses of the head and neck in response to sudden movements or loud noises. E) monitor body position.
D) make reflex responses of the head and neck in response to sudden movements or loud noises
43) Which of the following descriptions best matches the term basilar membrane? A) supports the olfactory organ B) tiny duct necessary for the static sense of equilibrium C) separates the cochlear duct from the scala vestibuli D) moves up and down when the stapes moves back and forth E) covers over the oval window
D) moves up and down when the stapes moves back and forth
19) The olfactory receptors are highly modified A) goblet or mucous cells. B) epithelial cells. C) olfactory glands. D) neurons. E) areolar connective tissue cells.
D) neurons.
100) Which of the following is not a component of the lamina propria of the olfactory organ? A) blood vessels B) olfactory glands C) nerves D) olfactory epithelium E) areolar tissue
D) olfactory epithelium
155) Nicotinic receptors A) respond to epinephrine. B) respond to norepinephrine. C) are found at neuroeffector junctions of the autonomic nervous system. D) open chemically gated sodium ion channels. E) open chemically gated calcium ion channels.
D) open chemically gated sodium ion channels.
3) What are the first structures that form during eye development? (Module 15.5A) A) retina B) cornea C) optic nerve D) optic vesicles E) optic cups
D) optic vesicles
31) The gap that separates the free margins of the upper and lower eyelids is the A) conjunctiva. B) medial angle of the eye. C) cornea. D) palpebral fissure. E) lacrimal punctum.
D) palpebral fissure.
117) A visceral motor neuron whose cell body is within the CNS is called a(n) neuron. A) postganglionic B) lower motor C) upper motor D) preganglionic
D) preganglionic
204) All of the following are a function of the hypothalamus except A) secreting hormones. B) regulating body temperature. C) controlling autonomic centers. D) projecting visual information to the visual cortex. E) coordinating day -night cycles of activity/inactivity.
D) projecting visual information to the visual cortex
207) The internal capsule of the cerebrum is composed of A) commissural fibers. B) longitudinal fasciculi. C) arcuate fibers. D) projection fibers. E) association fibers.
D) projection fibers.
203) What contains a spider web-like network of cells and fibers through which cerebrospinal fluid flows? A) pia mater B) subdural space C) falx cerebri D) subarachnoid space E) dural sinus
D) subarachnoid space
142) What brain structure relays somatosensory information? (Module 14.11B) A) medulla oblongata B) pons C) midbrain D) thalamus E) hypothalamus
D) thalamus
262) The conversion of a sensory input to a change in membrane potential in the receptor is known as A) an action potential. B) stimulation. C) perception. D) transduction. E) a labeled line.
D) transduction
148) The statement "Preganglionic axon terminals release acetylcholine" is A) true only for the somatic nervous system. B) not true for either the parasympathetic or sympathetic nervous systems. C) true only for the parasympathetic nervous system. D) true for both the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems. E) true only for the sympathetic nervous system.
D) true for both the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems.
140) The statement "Its postganglionic axons al ways use acetylcholine as the neurotransmitter" is' A) true for both the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems. B) true only for the somatic nervous system. C) true only for the sympathetic nervous system. D) true only for the parasympathetic nervous system. E) not true for either the parasympathetic or sympathetic nervous systems.
D) true only for the parasympathetic nervous system.
57) An adult has approximately ___ taste buds which contain _____ different receptor cells. A) 500; 40 - 100 B) 500,000; 4 C) 50,000; 10,000 D) 50; 10,000 E) 5,000; 40 - 100
E) 5,000; 40 - 100
194) Which of the following is true for the craniosacral division? A) It is referred to the "fight or flight" division. B) It is a division of the visceral sensory nervous system. C) It is also called the sympathetic division of the ANS. D) It is included solely in the peripheral nervous system. E) It is also called the parasympathetic division of the ANS.
E) It is also called the parasympathetic division of the ANS.
182) Compare the SNS with the ANS. (Module 14.1A) A) The SNS consists of the brain and spinal cord. The ANS provides conscious and subconscious control over skeletal muscles. B) The SNS controls the muscular visceral effectors: smooth muscle and cardiac muscle. The ANS controls the other visceral effectors: glands and adipocytes. C) The SNS provides conscious and subconscious control over skeletal muscles. The ANS consists of the brain and spinal cord. D) The SNS controls the visceral effectors: smooth muscle, glands, cardiac muscle, and adipocytes. The ANS provides conscious and subconscious control over skeletal muscles. E) The SNS provides conscious and subconscious control over skeletal muscles. The ANS controls the visceral effectors: smooth muscle, glands, cardiac muscle, and adipocytes.
E) The SNS provides conscious and subconscious control over skeletal muscles. The ANS controls the visceral effectors: smooth muscle, glands, cardiac muscle, and adipocytes.
287) Describe the insula. (Module 13.11B) A) The insula is a collection of fasciculi that connect the frontal lobe to the other lobes of the same cerebral hemisphere. B) The insula is a band of commissural fibers between the left and right cerebral hemispheres. C) The insula is posterior to the central sulcus and contains the primary somatosensory cortex. D) The insula is a region anterior to the central sulcus and contains the primary motor cortex. E) The insula is an island of cerebral cortex located medial to the lateral sulcus.
E) The insula is an island of cerebral cortex located medial to the lateral sulcus.
192) Specialized ganglionic sympathetic neurons that release hormones into the bloodstream are found within the A) brainstem. B) collateral ganglia. C) chain ganglia. D) intramural ganglia E) adrenal glands.
E) adrenal glands.
105) Ganglionic neurons usually synapse with preganglionic neurons in the ____ and have axons that innervate ____. A) visceral effectors; autonomic ganglia B) brain; visceral effectors C) brain; spinal cord D) visceral effectors; brain E) autonomic ganglia; visceral effectors
E) autonomic ganglia; visceral effectors
139) In which of the following organs are both chemoreceptors and baroreceptors associated with respiratory autonomic reflexes? A) only carotid arteries B) only lungs C) only aorta D) both lungs and aorta E) both aorta and carotid arteries
E) both aorta and carotid arteries
201) Which of the following would lead to increased heart rate? A) decreased parasympathetic input B) decreased sympathetic input C) increased sympathetic input D) increased parasympathetic input E) both increased sympathetic input and decreased parasympathetic input
E) both increased sympathetic input and decreased parasympathetic input
149) Control of the diameter of the respiratory passages depends upon A) sensory receptors sensitive to changes in lung ventilation. B) parasympathetic stimulation only. C) somatomotor stimulation only. D) sympathetic stimulation only. E) both parasympathetic and sympathetic levels of stimulation.
E) both parasympathetic and sympathetic levels of stimulation.
198) Which of the following is not a parasympathetic ganglion? A) ciliary B) submandibular C) pterygopalatine D) otic E) celiac
E) celiac
180) Clusters of ganglionic sympathetic neurons lying along either side of the spinal cord are called sympathetic _______ ganglia. A) suprarenal B) intramural C) collateral D) prevertebral E) chain
E) chain
164) Autonomic motor neurons A) cause general relaxation. B) conduct impulses from sensory receptors. C) conduct impulses to skeletal muscles. D) cause general excitation. E) conduct impulses to smooth and cardiac muscles and glands.
E) conduct impulses to smooth and cardiac muscles and glands.
281) A brain injury to a patient results in facial paralysis. Which descending tract is most likely affected? A) corticospinal tract B) tectospinal tract C) rubrospinal tract D) reticulospinal tract E) corticobulbar tract
E) corticobulbar tract
106) Parasympathetic functions include all of the following except A) stimulation of defecation. B) stimulation of urination. C) reduction in the rate of cardiac contraction. D) constriction of the pupils. E) dilation of the airways.
E) dilation of the airways.
228) Central adaptation refers to A) a change in motor receptivity of a neuron. B) the decline in activity of peripheral receptors when stimulated. C) increases in conscious perception of a sensory stimulus. D) a characteristic of phasic receptors. E) inhibition of nuclei located along a sensory pathway.
E) inhibition of nuclei located along a sensory pathway.
249) Based on the motor homunculus, which of the following body regions has the largest motor units? A) nose B) tongue C) larynx D) hands E) lower limbs
E) lower limbs
8) The olfactory organ consists of the ___ and lamina propria. A) cribriform plate B) olfactory bulb C) olfactory nerve D) olfactory tract E) olfactory epithelium
E) olfactory epithelium
14) Name the three layers of the eye. (Module 15.7A) A) outer scleral layer, middle corneal layer, deep retinal layer B) outer vascular layer, middle fibrous layer, deep inner layer C) outer corneal layer, middle aqueous humor layer, inner vitreous humor layer D) outer corneal layer, middle vitreous humor layer, inner aqueous humor layer E) outer fibrous layer, middle vascular layer, deep inner layer
E) outer fibrous layer, middle vascular layer, deep inner layer
66) The middle ear communicates with the nasopharynx through the A) membranous labyrinth. B) bony labyrinth. C) auditory meatus. D) auricle. E) pharyngotympanic tube
E) pharyngotympanic tube
68) A pigment synthesized from vitamin A is A) opsin. B) cGMP. C) rhodopsin. D) transducin. E) retinal.
E) retinal.
151) Ganglionic neurons innervate as all of the following except A) adipose tissue. B) glands. C) cardiac muscle. D) smooth muscle. E) skeletal muscle.
E) skeletal muscle.
119) Chemoreceptors that play an important role in reflexive control of respiratory function are not affected by A) hydrogen ion concentration. B) pH. C) PcO2- D) PO2 E) sodium ion concentration.
E) sodium ion concentration.
11) The structure that overlies the organ of Corti is the A) perilymph. B) stapedius. C) endolymph. D) basilar membrane. E) tectorial membrane.
E) tectorial membrane.
266) Which embryonic brain vesicle develops into the largest region of the adult brain? (Module 13.1C) 266) A) mesencephalon B) myelencephalon C) diencephalon D) metencephalon E) telencephalon
E) telencephalon
275) During embryonic development, which of the following secondary brain vesicles will form the cerebrum? A) midbrain B) myelencephalon C) diencephalon D) metencephalon E) telencephalon
E) telencephalon
29) All of the following are true of olfactory pathways except A) the first synapse is in the olfactory bulb. B) information flows to the olfactory cortex, hypothalamus, and limbic system C) they exhibit a considerable amount of convergence. D) they reach the forebrain without first synapsing in the thalamus. E) they project first to the mammillary bodies and then to the thalamus
E) they project first to the mammillary bodies and then to the thalamus
215) Sensory information that arrives at the CNS is routed according to the _______ of the stimulus. A) type B) speed C) location D) intensity E) type and location
E) type and location
224) Absorption at the arachnoid granulations returns CF to the A) fourth ventricle. B) third ventricle. C) central canal. D) arterial circulation. E) venous circulation.
E) venous circulation.