IMFA + Biomolecules
Hydrogen bonding
It results when H is bonded with a highly electronegative element (N, O and F)
increases
LDF _______ with molar mass
organic molecules
Molecules that contain carbon
hydrocarbons
Organic compounds that contain only carbon and hydrogen atoms
dipole-dipole forces
The IMFA acting on polar molecules
increases
The presence of the H-bonds ________ the melting and boiling point of the molecule.
higher
The stronger the IMFA between molecules means a _____________ melting and boiling point.
solid
The stronger the IMFA between particles indicate that the substance will most likely be ______ under normal conditions
London dispersion forces
a result of the constant movement of electrons within nonpolar molecules.
nucleic acids
act as storage if genetic information in cells.
lipids
active components of cellular membrane
Biomolecules
any molecules present in living organisms.
polar
are carbohydrates polar or nonpolar?
can be either
are carbohydrates simple or complex?
usually nonpolar
are hydrocarbons polar or nonpolar?
may be polar or nonpolar depending on the functional group present in each amino acid
are proteins polar or nonpolar?
Carbohydrates
chain off organic molecules composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in the ratio 1:2:1.
proteins
complex molecules composed of one or more chains of amino acids linked by peptide bonds
amino acids
composed of central C atom, an amino group (-NH2), a carboxyl group (-COOH), and a side chain (R).
- enzymes - transporters, - defense from diseases - regulators of cell processes.
different functions of proteins
- triglycerides (fats or oils) - phospholipids - waxes - steroids
examples of lipids
functional groups
greatly alters physical and chemical properties
4
how many valence electrons does carbon have?
polar
is the sugar-phosphate backbone of DNA polar or nonpolar?
C-H bonds
lipids are high in what kind of bonds?
nonpolar
nitrogenous bases are polar or nonpolar?
lipids
often used as energy storage
lipids
organic molecules that are insoluble in water
- thermal insulation - facilitate absorption of fat-soluble vitamins
other functions of lipids
dipole-dipole forces
short-ranged forces that exist between polar molecules that are very near to each other
Intermolecular forces of attraction
the collective term for the attractive force exerted between molecules that comprise matter
1. proteins 2. carbohydrates 3. lipids 4. nucleic acids
the four major biomolecules
Carbohydrates
the major energy source of all living organisms.
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA)
two common examples of nucleic acids
London dispersion forces
weakest of all IMFA
repeating units of nucleotides
what are nucleic acids composed of?
H bonds
what bonds are dominant within DNA that maintains the double helix structure?
