Immune Response Activation

The cells and signaling molecules involved in the very initial stages of the inflammatory response are _____.

mast cells and histamines

Clonal selection and differentiation of B cells activated by antigen exposure leads to the production of _____.

short lived plasma cells that secrete antibodies for the antigen

Immunological memory accounts for _____.

the ancient observation that someone who had recovered from the plague could safely care for those newly diseased

What major advantage is conveyed by having a system of adaptive immunity?

It enables a rapid defense against an antigen that has been previously encountered.

Clonal selection is an explanation for how _____.

an antigen can provoke production of high levels of specific antibodies

Inflammatory responses typically include _____.

increased activity of phagocytes in an inflamed area

Innate immunity

is activated immediately upon infection

A certain cell type has existed in the blood and tissue of its humanhost's immune system for over twenty years. One day, it recognizes a newly arrived antigen and binds to it, subsequently triggering a secondary immune response in the body. Which of the following cell types most accurately describes this cell?

memory cell

Engulfing-phagocytic cells of innate immunity include _____.

neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells

Which of the following is crucial to activation of the adaptive immune response?

presentation of MHC (major histocompatibility complex)-antigen complex on a cell surface