immune systems 9th grade bio
how can infectious diseases be transmitted?
air, bodily fluids, open wounds, touch
how are bacterial diseases treated?
antibiotics
what do antibodies do?
binds to antigens on pathogens and neutralizes antigen
how does bacteria cause disease?
by destroying cells and secreting toxins
how do viruses cause disease?
by killing cells
how can prokaryotes be classified?
color, shape, mode of nutrition, cell wall composition
what are the roles of prokaryotes in an environment?
decomposers, producers, clean up toxins
whats a T cell?
destroy the body's own cells that have themselves been taken over by viruses or become cancerous.
what is a virus made of?
dna/rna and protein
what is a specific defense?
fights against known target
what does a gram stain show?
it determines cell wall structure and identifies bacteria
3rd line of defense
lymphocytes (white blood cells) B and T cells
2nd line of defense
macrophages from white blood cell eat the pathogen, interferons block virus, inflammatory response
whats a B cell?
produce antibodies that are used to attack invading bacteria, viruses, and toxins
what is a nonspecific target?
protects against everything
what is archaea?
single celled prokaryote that lives in extreme conditions
1st line of defense
skin and mucous membranes
how do vaccines work?
stimulates production of memory cells so you're prepared
what is primary immune response?
the response when an antigen enters the body for the first time, no memory cells yet
why are viruses not living?
they are not made of cells, cant reproduce on their own
what is the lytic cycle?
virus injects dna into its host cell and the viral dna start replicating and forming proteins, leaves and spreads
what is the lysogenic cycle?
virus injects dna into its host cell, the viral DNA gets incorporated into the host's DNA and the host's cells, each time the host's cells go through replication, the virus's DNA gets replicated as well, spreads genetic info
what is secondary immune response?
when the same pathogen enter the body again, memory cells
what is an active immunity?
your immune system makes antibodies
