Immunology Exam 1

Which of the following cells is not an APC? (Antigen presenting cell) A. Neutrophil B. Dendritic cell C. Macrophage D. Mononuclear phagocyte

A. Neutrophil

A pathogen that can avoid the complement component C3b would directly protect itself from: A. Opsonization B. Lysis C. Triggering inflammation D. Antibodies E. Inducing interferon

A. Opsonization

The innate immune response to intracellular bacteria is mediated by: A. Phagocytes and NK cells B. Neutrophils and lymphocytes C. NK cells and lymphocytes D. CD4+ T cells E. CTLs

A. Phagocytes and NK cells

Which of the following is NOT considered a biological activity of antibodies?[Select All That Apply] A. Phosphorylation B. Agglutination C. Immobilization D. Neutralization E. Precipitation

A. Phosphorylation

Select the incorrect step in the sequence of CTL-mediated lysis of target cells: A. Recognition of antibody-expressing target B. Conjugate formation C. Activation D. Release of granule contents E. Detach and target cell death

A. Recognition of antibody-expressing target

What cells lack MHC Class I proteins? A. Red blood cells B. T cells C. Macrophages D. Dendritic cells

A. Red blood cells

All of the following factors affect the outcome of the host-pathogen interaction of antiviral response except: A. Route of exit B. Induction of cytokines C. Antibody response D. Cell mediated immunity E. Site of attachment

A. Route of exit

MHC class 2 molecules expressed on all the cells except? A. Monocytes/macrophages/dendritic cells B. B lymphocytes/langerhans cells C. Memory T cells D. Activated endothelial cells E. Activated T cells

B. B lymphocytes/langerhans cells

Effector _____ cells are antibody-secreting ______ cells. A. T, B B. B, plasma C. T, plasma D. B, hybridoma

B. B, plasma

A cell that secretes IL-4, temporarily resides in draining lymph nodes, and promotes the T 2 response is a A. Neutrophil B. Basophil C. Eosinophil D. Plasmacytoid cell E. Mast cell

B. Basophil

CD40L is present on _______ and Fc receptor on _____________. A. Dendritic cell, CD4+ T cell B. CD4+ T cells, Dendritic cell C. B cell, CD4+ T cell D. Dendritic cell, B cell

B. CD4+ T cells, Dendritic cell

Which immune cells directly kill tissue cells? A. CD4+ T cells B. CD8+ CTLs C. Activated macrophages D. Both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells

B. CD8 + CTLs

Macrophages present antigens to T cells during ____________, and B cells function as APCs for helper T cells during _____________. A. Humoral immune responses, CMI B. CMI, Humoral immune responses C. Innate immune response, CMI D. Adaptive immune responses, Innate immune responses E. Innate immune responses, Adaptive immune responses

B. CMI, Humoral immune responses

Many of the effector functions of immunoglobulins are mediated by the ____ portions of the molecules. A. Fab B. Fc C. Fab and Fc D. Fas and Fc

B. Fc

To generate antibodies specific for small chemicals called____ they are attached to a ______ before immunization. A. Carrier, protein B. Haptens, carrier C. Carrier, carbohydrate D. Haptens, antibody

B. Haptens, carrier

Which cytokine promotes the differentiation of CD4+ T cells into the effector Th-1 pathway? A. IL-4 B. IL-12 C. IL-5 D. IL-10 E. TNF

B. IL-12

Which of the following immunoglobulin has no known function, is found in serum in low concentration, and is present on the surface of B lymphocytes (may function as an antigen receptor)? A. IgA B. IgD C. IgE D. IgG E. IgM

B. IgD

Which of the following immunoglobulin has no known function, is found in serum in low concentration, and is present on the surface of B lymphocytes (may function as an antigen receptor)? A. IgA B. IgD C. IgE D. IgG E. IgM

B. IgD

Which of the following antibody does not opsonize? A. IgG B. IgE C. IgM D. IgA

B. IgE

Which immunoglobulin has the highest level in a normal 1-day-old infant? A. IgA B. IgG C. IgM D. IgD E. IgE

B. IgG

Individuals lacking a particular blood group antigen may produce natural __________antibodies against that antigen. A. IgG B. IgM C. IgM and IgG D. Nonspecific

B. IgM

Resting B cells express: A. IgG B. IgM C. IgE D. IgA

B. IgM

Which antibody has the maximum binding sites? A. IgG B. IgM C. IgA D. IgE

B. IgM

Which of the following antibodies can activate complement and has maximum agglutinating capacity? A. IgG B. IgM C. IgD D. IgE E. IgA

B. IgM

Which of the following antibodies is most likely to be present in intravascular spaces? A. IgG B. IgM C. IgD D. IgA E. IgE

B. IgM

Which of the following antigen receptors is expressed on a B lymphocyte? A. TCR B. Immunoglobulin C. MHC D. Superantigen

B. Immunoglobulin

Which cells are responsible for the rapid and enhanced responses to subsequent exposures to antigen? A. Effector cells B. Memory cells C. B cells D. T cells

B. memory cells

Cells of innate immunity all of the following except: A. Phagocytes B. Epithelial cells C. Effector T cells D. NK cells

C. Effector T cells

An epithelial-derived cell expressing cell surface C3-antigen is a A. Immature myeloid-derived dendritic cell B. Mature myeloid-derived dendritic cell C. Follicular dendritic cell D. B cell E. Macrophage

C. Follicular dendritic cell

Which of the following antibodies has a maximum half life and has antiviral, antibacterial and antitoxin activities? A. IgE B. IgD C. IgG D. IgM E. IgA

C. IgG

Which of the following antibodies has the highest diffusion into extravascular sites? A. IgA B. IgE C. IgG D. IgM

C. IgG

Molecules that stimulate immune responses are called? A. Antigens B. Haptens C. Immunogens D. Epitopes

C. Immunogens

Secreted forms of antibodies accumulate in: A. Plasma B. Mucosal secretions C. Interstitial fluid D. Blood

C. Interstitial fluid

A cell that resides in the liver and is a part of the reticuloendothelial system is a A. M1 macrophage B. M2 macrophage C. Kupffer cell D. Foam cell E. Giant cell

C. Kupffer cell

What leads to B-cell anergy? A. Apoptosis B. Humoral or cellular immune response C. Lack of costimulation D. Expression of Fas

C. Lack of costimulation

After exposure to an antigen, the initial antibody response occurs in: A. Lymphoid tissues B. Spleen C. Lymph nodes D. Thymus

C. Lymph nodes

Select the INCORRECT statement about MHC molecules: A. MHC-I takes 8-9 amino residues in its peptide-binding grove B. MHC-II takes 12-17 amino acid residues in its peptide-binding grove C. MHC-II processes endogenous antigens D. MHC-I is expressed on all nucleated cells E. MHC-I -peptide complex interacts with CD8+ T cells and NK cells

C. MHC-II processes endogenous antigens

Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are able to identify structures that are typically associated with: A. Macrophages B. Red blood cells C. Microbes D. Platelets

C. Microbes

Compounds having the following molecular weight are generally immunogenic: A. Less than 1000Da B. Between 1000-6000Da C. More than 6000Da D. Less than 100Da

C. More than 6000Da

The cells responsible for ADCC killing are: A. CTL B. Activated macrophages C. NK cells D. Mast cells E. B cells

C. NK cells

What cells do not mediate innate immunity? A. Monocytes / macrophages B. Neutrophils C. NK cells D. Epithelial cells E. Neuronal cells

C. NK cells

The role of macrophages in the immune response includes all of the following functions except A. Antigen engulfment B. Production of interleukin-1 (IL-1) C. Production of IL-2 D. Production of endogenous pyrogen E. Presentation of antigen in the context of class II histocompatibility antigens

C. Production of IL-2

Antigen-presenting cells include all of the following except: A. Dendritic cells B. Macrophages C. T cells D. B cells

C. T cells

CD4+ T cells that differentiate into TH2 cells: A. Secrete IL-4 B. Secrete IL-5 C. Inhibit macrophage activation D. All of the above

D. All of the above

Effector lymphocytes include: A. T cells B. CTLs C. Antibody-secreting B cells D. All of the above

D. All of the above

Functions of IL-4 include: A. Isotype switching to IgE B. Differentiation of TH2 cells C. Inhibition of TH1 cells D. All of the above

D. All of the above

Helper T cells produce cytokines that stimulate: A. B cell responses B. Macrophage activation C. APC functions D. All of the above

D. All of the above

Secreted antibodies often attach to the surface of other immune effector cells, such as: A. Mononuclear phagocytes B. Natural killer (NK) cells C. Mast cells D. All of the above

D. All of the above

What are the functions of macrophages? A. Present antigens B. Produce cytokines C. Perform phagocytosis D. All of the above

D. All of the above

What functions are enhanced when a macrophage is activated? A. Phagocytosis B. Antigen presentation C. Antimicrobial potency D. All of the above

D. All of the above

Which cytokines are released by activated TH2 cells in Type I reactions? A. IL-4 B. IL-5 C. IL-13 D. All of the above

D. All of the above

TNF at: A. Low concentration/acute local inflammation B. Moderate concentration/systemic effects of inflammation C. High concentration/septic shock D. All of them

D. All of them

Which immune component is a feature of adaptive immunity? A. Soluble mediators (complement) B. Natural barriers (skin and mucous membrane) C. Phagocytic cells D. Antibodies E. Natural killer cells

D. Antibodies

Which of the following is NOT a function of dendritic cells: A. Produce cytokines B. Produce IFN-alpha C. Initiate immune responses D. Are effector cells

D. Are effector cells

Which of the following is not a function of dendritic cells: A. Produce cytokines B. Produce IFN-alpha C. Initiate immune responses D. Are effector cells

D. Are effector cells

Activated fragments of C5 can lead to all of the following except: A. Contraction of smooth muscle B. Vasodilation C. Attraction of leukocytes to a site of infection D. Attachment of lymphocytes to macrophages E. Initiation of formation of membrane attack complex

D. Attachment of lymphocytes to macrophages

A cell captured by endocytosis using transmembrane immunoglobulin is a(n) A. Immature myeloid-derived dendritic cell B. Mature myeloid-derived dendritic cell C. Follicular dendritic cell D. B cell E. Macrophage

D. B cell

Choose the INCORRECT statement about the activation via B-cell coreceptor: A. Lowers threshold for antigen needed to activate B cell B. Enhances the activation signal through BCR C. Simultaneously binds antigen to Ig and complement component D. B cell activation can now occur without the need of BCR

D. B cell activation can now occur without the need of BCR

What cells in the innate immunity mechanism do not eradicate established viral infection? A. Natural Killer Cells B. CD4+ T cells C. CD8+ T cells D. B cells

D. B cells

Select the incorrect combination: A. Most abundant in serum/IgG B. Produced in the largest amount/IgA C. Found in fetal serum/maternal IgG D. Bound to mast cells/IgM

D. Bound to mast cells/IgM

What is the key activator in the classical complement activation pathway? A. Opsonin B. Mannose residues C. C3b deposit on pathogen surface D. C1 binding to an antigen-antibody complex

D. C1 binding to an antigen-antibody complex

All of the following are characteristics of passive immunization except: A. Relies on the ability of the hosts immune system to make appropriate response B. Results in immediate availability of antibodies that can mediate protection against pathogens C. Is the transfer of antibody or immune cells to an individual from another individual who has already responded to direct stimulation by antigen. D. Can occur naturally, when antibodies are transferred through placenta.

D. Can occur naturally, when antibodies are transferred through placenta.

The variable region of the heavy chain in an immunoglobulin molecule is genetically coded for: A. Variable (VH) B. Diversity (DH) C. Joining (JH) D. Variable (VH), Diversity (DH), Joining (JH)

D. Variable (VH), Diversity (DH), Joining (JH)

Which of the following is NOT considered a damaging effect of the immune response? A. Hypersensitivity B. Autoimmunity C. Allergy D. Wound healing E. AIDS

D. Wound healing

How do NK cells kill infected cells? A. NK cells an cytotoxic T cells use preforins (create pores in cell membrane) B. granzymes (induces apoptosis) C. phagocytosis ( lysosomal killing) D. a and b are correct E. all of the above

D. a and b are correct

What are the functions of macrophages? A. present antigens B. produce cytokines C. perform phagocytosis D. all of the above

D. all of the above

Antigen binding by antibody molecules is primarily a function of what? A. hypervariability regions of VH B. hypervariability region of VL C. hypervariability region of Fc and Fab D. both a and b are correct E. all of the above

D. both a and b are correct

By which methods do CD-8 T cells kill virus infected, graft, a tumor cells? A. lyse infected cells B. Induce apoptosis C. ADCC D. both a and b are correct E. all of the above

D. both a and b are correct

What are the biological actions of TNF? A. Low concentrations TNF acts on leukocytes and endothelium to induce chronic inflammation B. Moderate concentrations mediates systemic effects of inflammation C. High concentrations TNF causes pathologic abnormalities of septic shock D. both b and c are correct E. all of the above

D. both b and c are correct

Select the INCORRECT combination: A. most abundant in serum/IgG B. produced in the largest amount/IgA C. found in fetal serum/maternal IgG D. bound to mast cells/IgM

D. bound to mast cells/IgM

B cells can recognize: A. Peptides and proteins B. Small chemicals and lipids C. Nucleic acids D. Polysaccharides E. All of the above

E. All of the above

CD4+ T cells that differentiate into TH1 cells secrete: A. IFN-gamma B. Lymphotoxin (LT) C. TNF D. IL-2 E. All of the above

E. All of the above

Diversity in antibody specificity is achieved by the following mechanism(s): [Select All That Apply] A. Multiple inherited gene for the V region of both L and H chains B. Rearrangement of VDJ segments C. Somatic hypermutation D. Junctional diversity E. All of the above

E. All of the above

Nature of antigens that may bound to immunoglobulin include: A. Proteins B. Lipids C. Polysaccharides D. Small chemicals E. All of the above

E. All of the above

T lymphocytes interact with: A. Dendritic cells B. Infected host cells C. Macrophages D. B lymphocytes E. All of the above

E. All of the above

T-cell-mediated immune responses can result in: A. Formation of granulomas B. Induration at the reaction site C. Rejection of a heart transplant D. Eczema of the skin in the area of prolonged contact with a rubberized undergarment E. All of the above

E. All of the above

The effector mechanisms of tissue damage seen in autoimmune disease may involve all of the following EXCEPT: A. antibody B. complement C. T cells D. macrophages E. TGF-beta

E. TGF-beta

Which of the following cytokines does not promote inflammatory responses? A. IL-1 B. IL-6 C. IL-23 D. TNF-alpha E. TGF-beta

E. TGF-beta

On the surface of which cell types are antibodies usually found? A. Mononuclear phagocytes B. natural killer (NK) cells C. mast cells D. B cells E. all of the above

E. all of the above

_____ lymphocytes are the only cells that synthesize antibody molecules. A. T B. B C. Dendritic D. T and B

B. B

Non-protein antigens are presented by: A. T cells B. B cells C. Antibodies D. All of the above

B. B cells

All of the following refer to the same type of cell except: A. Poly B. Neutrophil C. PMN D. Macrophage

D. Macrophage

Affinity maturation is a term used to describe what characteristic of antibodies? [Select all that apply] A. Ability to neutralize toxins due to tight binding of antibodies B. Ability to neutralize microbes due to tight binding of antibodies C. Maturation of B cells D. Maturation of T cells

A. Ability to neutralize toxins due to tight binding of antibodies B. Ability to neutralize microbes due to tight binding of antibodies

Binding of microbial molecules by toll-like receptors (TLRs) on a phagocytic cell should lead to: A. Activation of the phagocyte B. Death of phagocyte by apoptosis C. Production of IL-2 D. Induction of CD3 expression on phagocyte membrane

A. Activation of the phagocyte B Death of phagocyte by apoptosis

Most of the T cells express the following receptors: A. Alpha-beta receptor B. Gamma-delta receptor C. Same as BCR D. Same as MHC

A. Alpha-beta receptor

How does secreted and membrane-associated antibodies differ from one another? A. Amino acid sequence of the carboxy-terminal end of the heavy chain C region B. Amino acid sequence of the carboxylic-terminal end of the light chain region C. Amino acid sequence of the oxy-terminal end of the heavy chain C region

A. Amino acid sequence of the carboxy-terminal end of the heavy chain C region

How does secreted and membrane-associated antibodies differ from one another? A. Amino acid sequence of the carboxy-terminal end of the heavy chain C region B. Amino acid sequence of the carboxylic-terminal end of the light chain region C. Amino acid sequence of the oxy-terminal end of the heavy chain C region D. Amino acid sequence of the oxy-terminal end of the light chain C region

A. Amino acid sequence of the carboxy-terminal end of the heavy chain C region

The smallest identifiable part of an antigenic molecule that can be recognized by a T or B cell receptor is called: A. An epitope B. A signal C. An immunoglobulin D. A receptor

A. An epitope

The basis of most of the immunlogical tests is: A. Antigen-antibody reactions B. Cells of innate immunity C. Cells of acquired immunity D. Acellular components of immune response E. Complement levels in serum

A. Antigen-antibody reactions

What type of cells are responsible for specificity and memory of adaptive immunity responses? A. B and T lymphocytes B. Only B lymphocytes C. Only T lymphocytes D. Plasma cells

A. B and T lymphocytes

What type of cells are responsible for specificity and memory of adaptive immunity responses? A. B and T lymphocytes B. Only B lymphocytes C. Only T lypmphocytes D. none of the above

A. B and T lymphocytes

A cell that secretes antibodies that recognize polysaccharides is a A. B-1 cell B. Naïve mature B cell C. Centrocyte D. Memory B cell E. Plasma cell

A. B-1 cell

Select the correct combination: A. B7/CD28 B. CD28/CTLA4 C. CD40/Fas D. B28/CD7

A. B7/CD28

Select the INCORRECT pairing molecule at the surface of B with T cells: A. BCR : TCR B. MHC-II : TCR C. CD40 : CD40L D. B7 : CD28 and CTLA-4 E. BCR : Antigen

A. BCR : TCR

What other types of antigens can activate T-cell responses?[Select All That Apply] A. Bacterial exotoxins B. Non-peptide antigens like superantigens C. Glycolipid antigens D. Non-peptide antigens cannot activate T-cell responses at all

A. Bacterial exotoxins B. Non-peptide antigens like superantigens C. Glycolipid antigens

What is the function of MHC class 1 proteins? A. Bind intracellular proteins and present them to cytotoxic T lymphocytes B. Bind extracellular proteins and present them to NK cells C. Bind intracelllular proteins and present them to plasma cells D. Bind extracellular proteins and present them to cytolytic T cells

A. Bind intracellular proteins and present them to cytotoxic T lymphocytes

An antigen can penetrate through the:[Select All That Apply] A. Bloodstream B. Skin C. Gastrointestinal tract D. Respiratory tract

A. Bloodstream B. Skin C. Gastrointestinal tract D. Respiratory tract

Which of the following T cell coreceptors act(s) as an adhesion molecule? [Select All That Apply] A. CD4 B. CD8 C. MHC-I D. MHC-II E. Ig

A. CD4 B. CD8

The adaptive immune response to microbes in cytoplasm of nonphagocytic cells is mediated by __________, which kill infected cells and eliminate the reservoirs of infection. A. CD4+ T cells B. CD8+ CTLs C. TH2 cells D. NK cells

A. CD4+ T cells

Class I MHC molecules present peptides to _____cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and Class II MHC molecules to ____helper T cells. A. CD8+, CD4+ B. CD4+, CD8+ C. CD8+, CD4- D. CD8- , CD4-

A. CD8+, CD4+

Radioimmunoassay is based upon:[Select All That Apply] A. Competition of nonlabeled antigens for antibody B. Competition of labeled antigens for antibody C. Electrophoresis pattern of antibodies D. Serum levels of antibodies

A. Competition of nonlabeled antigens for antibody B. Competition of labeled antigens for antibody

What is the importance of MHC class 1 and MHC class 2 proteins? A. Enable T cells to recognize foreign antigens B. Enable B cells to make antibodies C. Enable dendritic cells to recognize foreign antigens D. Enable class switching

A. Enable T cells to recognize foreign antigens

What is the importance of MHC class 1 and MHC class 2 proteins? A. Enable T cells to recognize foreign antigens B. Enable B cells to make antibodies C. Enable dendritic cells to recognize foreign antigens D. Present lipid antigens to B cells

A. Enable T cells to recognize foreign antigens

Which of the following steps illustrates the typical class II MHC pathway? A. Endocytosis, antigen processing, MHC biosynthesis, peptides-MHC association B. Antigen uptake, Antigen processing, MHC Biosynthesis, Peptides-MHC association C. Antigen processing, MHC Biosynthesis, Peptides-MHC association, Antigen uptake, D. Peptides-MHC association, Antigen uptake, Antigen processing, MHC Biosynthesis

A. Endocytosis, antigen processing, MHC biosynthesis, peptides-MHC association

----- on CTL interacts with ---- on target cell and kills by ---------. A. Fas, FasL, apoptosis B. FasL, Fas, apoptosis C. Fas, FasL, necrosis D. FasL, Fas, necrosis

A. Fas, FasL, apoptosis

Antigen binding by antibody molecules is primarily a function of what? [Select all that apply] A. Hypervariability regions of VH B. Hypervariability region of VL C. Hypervariability region of Fc and Fab D. Hypervariability region of Fc

A. Hypervariability regions of VH B. Hypervariability region of VL

Which of the following interleukins is an endogenous pyrogen? A. IL-1 B. IL-2 C. IL-3 D. IL-4 E. IL-5

A. IL-1

What activates phagocytes and APCs and induces B cell switching to immunoglobulin isotypes? A. IL-12 and IFN-gamma B. IL3 and IL5 C. GM-CSF and IL-12 D. IL-12 and TNF-alpha

A. IL-12 and IFN-gamma

Which of the following is the principal immunoglobulin (Ig) in exocrine secretions? A. IgA B. IgG C. IgM D. IgD E. IgE

A. IgA

Which antibody isotypes promote opsonization? A. IgA and IgM B. IgD and IgA C. IgE and IgG D. IgG and IgM

A. IgA adn IgM

Select the incorrect step sequence of in B-cell activation: A. IgE production is activated by binding of antigen B. Cross-linking of cell surface receptors C. Binding of T cells and cytokines associated D. Differentiation into antibody producing isotypes

A. IgE production is activated by binding of antigen

Which antibody is most abundant in serum? A. IgG B. IgM C. IgA D. IgE

A. IgG

Which class of antibody molecule has the ability to cross the placenta? A. IgG B. IgA C. IgM D. IgE E. IgD

A. IgG

Which of the following antibodies has secretory (J) chain? [Select All that Apply] A. IgM B. IgD C. IgG D. IgA E. IgE

A. IgM D. IgA

A cell with a majority of MHC Class II located within intracellular compartments is a(n) A. Immature myeloid-derived dendritic cell B. Mature myeloid-derived dendritic cell C. Follicular dendritic cell D. B cell E. Macrophage

A. Immature myeloid-derived dendritic cell

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of innate immune system?[Select All That Apply] A. It is antigen specific B. Response occurs within minutes-hours C. No memory D. Its always present

A. It is antigen specific

Antigen-presenting cells secrete IL-12 in response to: A. LPS B. Complement C. Antibody D. LPS and compliment

A. LPS

By which methods do CD+8 cells kill virus infected, graft, a tumor cells? [Select all that apply] A. Lyse infected cells B. Induce apoptosis C. ADCC D. Antibodies E. Complement

A. Lyse infected cells B. Induce apoptosis

Which MHC molecule has a beta-2 microglobulin chain? A. MHC-I B. MHC-II C. Both MHC-I and MHC-II D. HLA

A. MHC-I

When infected cells lack MHC Class 1 proteins, what immune cells kill them? A. NK cells B. T regulatory cell C. B cells D. TH1 cells

A. NK cells

What are cells in the innate immunity mechanism for eradicating established viral infection? A. Natural Killer Cells B. CD4+ T cells C. CD8+ T cells D. Plasma cells

A. Natural Killer Cells

What are cells in the innate immunity mechanism for eradicating established viral infection? A. Natural Killer Cells B. CD4+ T cells C. CD8+ T cells D. all of the above

A. Natural Killer Cells

How does TCR generate diversity in immune responses?[Select All That Apply] A. Same as BCR B. Recombinase enzymes C. Recombination activation gene (RAG 1) D. Recombination activation gene (RAG 2)

A. Same as BCR B. Recombinase enzymes C. Recombination activation gene (RAG 1) D. Recombination activation gene (RAG 2)

Which of the following is not a function of NK cells? A. Secrete IFN-gamma B. Secrete IL-12 C. Killing of stressed cells D. Killing of infected cell

A. Secrete IFN-gamma

All antigens are recognized by: A. Specific lymphocytes or by antibodies B. Specific lymphocytes C. Antibodies

A. Specific lymphocytes or by antibodies

Which of the following is / are other ways to activate CD4+ T cells? [Select All That Apply] A. Superantigens B. Plant proteins C. Pokeweed mitogen D. Anti-CD3 antibodies

A. Superantigens B. Plant proteins C. Pokeweed mitogen D. Anti-CD3 antibodies

A T cell located at the epithelial barrier of the gut is a A. (ãä) T cell B. Helper T cell C. Cytotoxic T cell D. Regulatory T cell E. Natural killer T cell

A. T cell

T-cell receptor complex includes:[Select All That Apply] A. TCR B. CD3 C. Zeta chain D. Beta-2 microglobulin

A. TCR B. CD3 C. Zeta chain

The Natural Killer (NK-cell) will kill the target cell if:[Select All That Apply] A. There is absent MHC class I expression on the target cell B. There is decreased MHC class I expression on the target cell C. There is normal expression of MHC class I on the target cell D. There is an increased expression of MHC class I on the target cell

A. There is absent MHC class I expression on the target cell B. There is decreased MHC class I expression on the target cell

What is/are the key function(s) of MHC?[Select All That Apply] A. To bind peptides of protein catabolism inside the cell B. To bind peptides of protein catabolism outside the cell C. To present to T cells with appropiate TCR D. To present to both B and T cells E. To initiate class switching

A. To bind peptides of protein catabolism inside the cell C. To present to T cells with appropiate TCR

HLA II molecules play an important role in the immune response. One of their functions is A. To present peptide epitopes to CD41 T helper cells B. To present peptide epitopes to CD81 T helper cells C. To interact with an epitope on the membranes of most nucleated cells D. To interact with the gene regions: DP, DQ, DR

A. To present peptide epitopes to CD41 T helper cells

Passive acquired immunity can be obtained by: A. Transfer of preformed antibody B. Serum components C. Lymphoid cells D. All of the above

A. Transfer of preformed antibody

When IgG is cleaved by papain, which of the following fragments appear? A. Two monovalent antigen-binding fragments (Fab) B. Two Fab fragments that contain only the variable section of the heavy chain C. Two Fab fragments that contain only the variable section of the light chain D. Two Fc (crystallizable) fragments and one Fab fragment

A. Two monovalent antigen-binding fragments (Fab)

How do NK cells kill infected cells? A. Use preforins (create pores in cell membrane) B. Granzymes (induces apoptosis) C. Phagocytosis (lysosomal killing) D. Granzymes and phagocytosis (lysosomal killing)

A. Use preforins (create pores in cell membrane) B. Granzymes (induces apoptosis)

What is the function of MHC class 1 proteins? A. bind intracellular proteins and present them to cytotoxic T lymphocytes B. bind extracellular proteins and present them to NK cells C. bind intracelllular proteins and present them to plasma cells D. bind extracellular proteins and present them to cytolytic T cells

A. bind intracellular proteins and present them to cytotoxic T lymphocytes

What is the importance of MHC class 1 and MHC class 2 proteins? A. enable T cells to recognize foreign antigens B. enable B cells to make antibodies C. enable dendritic cells to recognize foreign antigens D. all of the above

A. enable T cells to recognize foreign antigens

Which of the following is not a function of dendritic cells? A. Produce cytokines B. Produce IFN-alpha C. Initiate immune responses D. Are effector cells

Are effector cells

Which of the following can bind to an epitope of a macromolecule such as protein? A. T cell B. Antibody C. NK cell D. None of the above

B. Antibody

What are the requirements to bring antigen-antibody reaction to cause cross-linking of antigen with antibodies? [Select All that Apply] A. Both antigen and antibodies should be univalent B. Antigen should be multivalent C. Antibody should be at least bivalent D. Haptens should be present there E. Antibody should have a monovalent Fab

B. Antigen should be multivalent C. Antibody should be at least bivalent

Which of the following does not occur in Fas-mediated apoptosis of T cells? A. Activation of caspase cascade, leading to apoptosis of Fas-expressing cell B. The Ligation of FasL to Fas causes Fas to trimerize. C. Activation of a death domain in Fas, which then interacts with the death domain in FADD D. All of them

B. Ligation of FasL to Fas causes Fas to trimerize

Antigen-specific responses occur at: A. Tissues B. Lymph nodes C. Skin D. Mucous membrane

B. Lymph nodes

Choose the correct statement(s) about MHC interaction with T cells: [Select All That Apply] A. MHC class I interacts with CD8+ T cells which synthesize cytokines B. MHC class I interact with CD8+ T cells which kill infected host cells C. MHC class II interact with CD4+ T cells which synthesize cytokines D. MHC class II interact with CD4+ T cells which kill infected host cells E. MHC class I interact with B cells to produce antibodies

B. MHC class I interact with CD8+ T cells which kill infected host cells C. MHC class II interact with CD4+ T cells which synthesize cytokines

Select the incorrect combination: A. Class I MHC/CD8+ T cells B. MHC genes/nonpolymorphic genes C. MHC genes/protein antigen only D. MHC molecules/also called HLA

B. MHC genes/nonpolymorphic genes

A cell expressing cell surface MHC Class II, CD80/88 and secretes IL-12 is a(n) A. Immature myeloid-derived dendritic cell B. Mature myeloid-derived dendritic cell C. Follicular dendritic cell D. B cell E. Macrophage

B. Mature myeloid-derived dendritic cell

Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) results in the death of invasive organisms coated by antibodies. This function is performed by: A. T lymphocytes B. NK cells C. PMN D. Mast cells

B. NK cells

A cell that expresses both IgM and IgD on the cell surface is a A. B-1 cell B. Naïve mature B cell C. Centrocyte D. Memory B cell E. Plasma cell

B. Naive mature B cell

_____ B and T cells are mature lymphocytes that have not been stimulated by antigen. When they encounter antigen, they differentiate into -------lymphocytes that have functions in protective immune responses. A. Effector, naive B. Naive, effector C. Naive, CTLs D. Effector, CTLs

B. Naive, effector D. Effector, CTLs

The recognition of antigen by antibody involves -----, -------- binding. A. Covalent, irreversible B. Noncovalent, reversible C. Covalent, reversible D. Noncovalent, irreversible

B. Noncovalent, reversible

What is the major histocompatibility complex? A. Leukocyte antigen complex B. Set of highly polymorphic genes whose final protein products regulate the immune responses, especially antigen presentation to T cells C. Also called HLA D. Also called MHC

B. Set of highly polymorphic genes whose final protein products regulate the immune responses, especially antigen presentation to T cells

All antibodies share ______ in structural characteristic but display remarkable _______ in the regions that bind antigens. A. Variability, similarity B. Similarity, variability C. Antigenicity, polarity D. Polarity, antigenicity

B. Similarity, variability

Select the correct statement: A. Acquired immunity cannot be achieved by immunization B. Specific antibodies confer passive immunization C. Only T cells are involved in acquired immune response D. Active immunization involves administering antibody E. Specificity is an important characteristic of innate immunity

B. Specific antibodies confer passive immunization

The largest lymphoid organ is the: A. Thymus B. Spleen C. Lymph node D. Peyer's patch

B. Spleen

The antigen receptors of _____ can only recognize antigens that are displayed on other cells via MHC while ______ recognize soluble antigens as well as cell-associated antigens. A. B cells, T cells B. T cells, B cells C. B cells, macrophages D. T cells, macrophages

B. T cells, B cells

Which of the following is TH-2 cytokine? A. TNF-beta, IL-5, IL-3 B. TGF-beta, IL-4, IL-10 C. GM-CSF, IL-3, IL-10 D. IFN-gamma, IL-4, TGF-beta E. TNF-alpha, IL-3, IL-4

B. TGF-beta, IL-4, IL-10

Antibodies have: A. One N and two C-terminals B. Two heavy and two light chains C. Two Fc and one Fab portion D. One variable and two constant regions

B. Two heavy and two light chains

The relative capacity of a microbe to cause damage in a host is called: A. Pathogenicity B. Virulence C. Redundancy D. Layering

B. Virulence

Specificity of a B cell response to an antigen is the ability to: A. respond to many different antigenic epitopes B. discriminate among different antigenic epitopes C. respond and discriminate among different antigenic epitopes D. produce same antibodies to different antigens E. produce different antibodies to same antigens

B. discriminate among different antigenic epitopes

What type of immune processes does IgE mediate? A. Type 2 hypersensitivity B. helminth immunity C. tuberculin reaction D. Mantoux reaction

B. helminth immunity

Most antigens (proteins) known as Thymus-Dependent (TD) antigens ------ T cell help, while Thymus-Independent (TI) ----- T cell help. A. do not require, require B. require, do not require C. do not require, also do not require D. require, also require

B. require, do not require

Affinity maturation is a term used to describe what characteristic of antibodies? A. Ability to neutralize toxins due to tight binding of antibodies B. Ability to neutralize microbes due to tight binding of antibodies C. Ability to neutralize toxins due to tight binding of antibodies AND to neutralize microbes due to tight binding of antibodies D. Ability to neutralize toxins due to tight binding of antibodies AND to activate microbes due to tight binding of antibodies

C. Ability to neutralize toxins due to tight binding of antibodies AND to neutralize microbes due to tight binding of antibodies

The basic lines of protection against invasion by infectious agents include all except: A. Natural barriers (skin, mucus, gastric acid, bile) B. Innate, antigen-nonspecific immune defenses (fever, IFN, neutrophils, macrophages, NK cells) C. Adaptive, antigen-specific immune responses (antibody and T cells) D. Innate, antigen-specific immune defenses (fever, IFN, Neutrophils, NK cells)

C. Adaptive, antigen-specific immune responses (antibody and T cells)

This protein can induce anergy in T cells through inhibition of costimulatory signaling? A. CTLA4-Ig B. B-7 C. Anti-CTLA4 D. CD40

C. Anti-CTLA4

What cells are required for lymphocyte activation? A. Effector cells B. NK cells C. Antigen-presenting cells D. Neutrophils

C. Antigen-presenting cells

Antigen-activated __________ lymphocytes differentiate into memory cells that survive for long periods in a quiescent state. A. T B. B C. B and T D. Naive E. Effector

C. B and T

Macrophages recognize the foreign antigen in context of: A. MHC Class I B. MHC Class II C. Both Class I and II D. None of the above

C. Both Class I and II

Which of the following steps illustrates the typical class II MHC pathway? A. Endocytosis, antigen processing, MHC biosynthesis, peptides-MHC association B. Antigen uptake, antigen processing, MHC Biosynthesis, Peptides-MHC association C. Both a and b are correct

C. Both a and b are correct

Which of the following steps illustrates the typical class II MHC pathway? A. Endocytosis, antigen processing, MHC biosynthesis, peptides-MHC association B. Antigen uptake, antigen processing, MHC Biosynthesis, Peptides-MHC association C. Both a and b are correct D. Both a and b are incorrect

C. Both a and b are correct

Fluorescence-activated cell sorters (FACS) are instruments used to: A. Quantitate fluorescently labeled cells B. Sort fluorescently labeled cells C. Both quantitate and sort fluorescently labeled cells D. Test radiolabeled antigen or antibody E. Run immunoelectrophoresis assays

C. Both quantitate and sort fluorescently labeled cells

T and B lymphocytes can be distinguished from one another: A. Visually by size B. By the type of nucleus C. By the cell surface molecules D. By granularity of the cytoplasm

C. By the cell surface molecules

Which of the following is/are signal transduction molecules associated with the TCR? [Select All That Apply] A. CD4 B. CD8 C. CD3 D. Zeta chain E. Beta-2 microglobulin

C. CD3 D. Zeta chain

Which of the following surface molecules is NOT expressed on T cells? A. CD28 B. CTLA-4 C. CD40 D. LFA-1 E. CD2

C. CD40

The adaptive immune response to intracellular bacteria is ______ in which _____ activate phagocytes to eliminate microbes. A. Humoral immunity, B cells B. Cell-mediated immunity, B cells C. Cell-mediated immunity, T cells D. CMI, humoral immunity

C. Cell-mediated immunity, T cells

A cell performing somatic hypermutation is a A. B-1 cell B. Naïve mature B cell C. Centrocyte D. Memory B cell E. Plasma cell

C. Centrocyte

Effector functions of antibodies do not include: A. Neutralization of microbes and toxins B. Opsonization for phagocytosis C. Chemotaxis of neutrophils D. Activation of the complement system E. Sensitize for antibody-dependent cellular toxicity

C. Chemotaxis of neutrophils

What is a characteristic of the adaptive immune response and not of the innate response? A. Physical barriers B. Chemical barriers C. Clonal expansion of effector cells D. Inflammatory mediators E. Phagocytosis

C. Clonal expansion of effector cells

The reaction between an antibody and an antigen does NOT involve: A. Electrostatic forces B. Hydrophobic forces C. Covalent forces D. Van der Waals forces

C. Covalent forces

A CD3+ cell that secretes perforin and granzyme is A. (ãgamma;ädelta;) T cell B. Helper T cell C. Cytotoxic T cell D. Regulatory T cell E. Natural killer T cell

C. Cytotoxic T cell

Which of the following cells is coming from myeloid progenitor lineage? A. T cell B. B cell C. Dendritic cell D. NK cell

C. Dendritic cell

__________ are the only cells in the body capable of specifically recognizing and distinguishing different antigenic determinants. A. B cells B. Macrophages C. Dendritic cells D. Lymphocytes

C. Dendritic cells

Select the INCORRECT statement about antigenic recognition of B and T cells: A. B cells recongnize protein, polysaccharide, and lipid antigens B. T cells recognize only peptides C. T cells bind soluble antigens D. BCR binds antigen E. TCR binds antigenic peptides bound to MHC

C. T cells bind soluble antigens

Most ___ lymphocytes recognize only peptides, whereas ____ cells can recognize peptides, proteins, nucleic acids, polysaccharides, lipids, and small chemicals. A. T, NK B. B, T C. T, B D. B, NK

C. T, B

T regulatory cells (Treg) secrete the following signature cytokine(s):[Select All That Apply] A. IL-2 B. TNF-alpha C. TGF-beta D. IL-10 E. IFN-gamma

C. TGF-beta D. IL-10

Which cells mediate IL-5-dependent eosinophilic rejection when IL-4 is present? A. Treg cells B. TH1 cells C. TH2 cells D. TH17 cells

C. TH2 cells

LPS of Gram-negative bacteria bind with pattern recognition receptors called: A. TCR B. BCR C. TLR D. Ig

C. TLR

NK cells are activated by the following cytokines EXCEPT? A. IL-12 B. IFN-gamma C. TNF-alpha

C. TNF-alpha

The balance between_____ and _____ may influence the outcome of intracellular bacterial infections. A. CMI, humoral immunity B. Active, passive C. Th1, Th2 D. Innate, adaptive

C. Th1, Th2

If an antigen-presenting cell presents an antigen in context of Class I, it means that: A. The cell is infected B. The cells is not infected C. The cell is infected and needs to be killed D. Evidence of intracellular bacteria

C. The cell is infected and needs to be killed

Which of the following statements characterizes idiotypic determinants? A. They are found in the crystallizable fragment of immunoglobulins B. They are found on protein antigens C. They can be antigenic D. They are responsible for rejection of transplants

C. They can be antigenic

Which of the following are the primary lymphoid organs?[Select All That Apply] A. Lymph node B. Tonsils C. Thymus D. Bone marrow E. Thoracic duct

C. Thymus D. Bone marrow

Select the incorrect combination in therapeutic use of cytokines: A. Reversing celleular deficiencies: G-CSF, GM-CSF B. Treatment of cancer and transplantation:anti-CD25 C. Treatment of allergy: IL-2 antibody D. Treatment of asthma: soluble IL-4 receptor E. Cytokine inhibitors: soluble TNF receptor molecules

C. Treatment of allergy: IL-2 antibody

Affinity maturation is a term used to describe what characteristic of antibodies? A. ability to neutralize toxins due to tight binding of antibodies B. ability to neutralize microbes due to tight binding of antibodies C. both a and b are correct

C. both a and b are correct

MHC class 2 molecules expressed on all the cells EXCEPT? A. monocytes/macrophages/dendritic cells B. B lymphocytes langerhans cells C. memory T cells D. activated endothelial cells E. activated T cells

C. memory T cells

Which of the following binds to class II histocompatibility antigens? A. CD2 B. CD3 C. CD4 D. CD8 E. CD25

C.CD4

Which of the following is not a component of innate immunity? A. epithelial barrier B. Phagocytes C. Compliment D. NK cells E. CTLs

CTLs

Which of the following is an INCORRECT statement? A. Carbohydrate antigens stimulate antibody responses without T cell help. B. Lipids are rarely immunogenic. C. DNA in its native helical state is non-immunogenic. D. ABO blood groups are an example of protein immunogens. E. Virtually all proteins are immunogenic

D. ABO blood groups are an example of protein immunogens.

Neutrophils have the surface markers for: A. Antibodies B. Complement C. MHC D. Adhesion molecules

D. Adhesion molecules

ADCC-mediated lysis of target cells is analogous to that of cytotoxic T cells and involves the release of cytoplasmic granules containing: A. Perforin B. Haptens C. Granzymes D. All of the above

D. All of the above

Antigen binding by antibody molecules is primarily a function of what? A. Hypervariability regions of VH B. Hypervariability region of VL C. Hypervariability region of Fc and Fab D. All of the above

D. All of the above

Which of the following is not the biological action of TNF? A. Low concentrations TNF acts on leukocytes and endothelium to induce chronic inflammation B. Moderate concentrations mediates systemic effects of inflammation C. High concentrations TNF causes pathologic abnormalities of septic shock D. Cause class switching of antibody production

D. Cause class switching of antibody production

Which of the following cell types can express both Class I and Class II genes? A. T cells B. B cells C. Macrophages D. Dendritic cells

D. Dendritic cells

Function of IL-12 include all of the following except: A. Stimulation of interferon-gamma secretion from T and NK cells B. Increased cytotoxic activity C. Stimulation of IL-2 secretion D. Help switch towards TH1 type cell

D. Help switch towards TH1 type cell

Which of the following is NOT among cytokines of adaptive immunity? A. IL-2 B. IL-4 C. IL-5 D. IFN-alpha

D. IFN-alpha

Which of the following is not among cytokines of adaptive immunity? A. IL-2 B. IL-4 C. IL-5 D. IFN-alpha

D. IFN-alpha

-----made by activated macrophages and dendritic cells, induces TH1 cell development while -- -produced mainly by T cells favors induction of TH2 cells. A. IL-4, IL-12 B. IL-12, IL-4 C. IL-12, IFN-gamma D. IFN-gamma, IL-4

D. IFN-gamma, IL-4

_____made by activated macrophages and dendritic cells, induces TH1 cell development while _____ produced mainly by T cells favors induction of TH2 cells. A. IL-4, IL-12 B. IL-12, IL-4 C. IL-12, IFN-gamma D. IFN-gamma, IL-4

D. IFN-gamma, IL-4

An anti-inflammatory cytokine is a A. INF-ãgamma; B. IL-4 C. IL-6 D. IL-10 E. IL-17

D. IL-10

Which of the following is not Th1 cytokine? A. IFN-gamma B. GM-CSF C. TNF-alpha D. IL-4 E. IL-3

D. IL-4

Both division and differentiation of B cells leading to production of plasma cells require A. CD4 and CD8 cells B. Interleukin (IL)-1 and IL-3 C. Only IL-1 D. IL-4 and IL-6

D. IL-4 and IL-6

What is not the component of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC)? A. Antibody-coated cell B. IgG C. FcRIII expressing NK cell D. IgA

D. IgA

Select the INCORRECT statement about antibodies: A. IgG is most suitable for passive immunization B. IgM is present on mature B cells C. IgA is presnet in colostrum of milk in nurisng mothers D. IgG levels never decline following primary response

D. IgG levels never decline following primary response

Select the CORRECT statement about antibodies: A. Two different types of IgG are an example of isotypic differences B. Antibodies attach to cell surfaces with their Fab portions C. IgD is important in parasitic infections D. IgM is the first antibody to appear after primary response E. IgG does not cross placenta

D. IgM is the first antibody to appear after primary response

The ability of innate and adaptive immune mechanisms to seek and destroy tumor cells is called: A. Immunoprophylaxis B. Immunodiagnosis C. Immunotherapy D. Immunosurveillance E. Immunology

D. Immunosurveillance

After being secreted from macrophages TNF-alpha causes all of the following EXCEPT: A. Activates vascular endothelium B. Increases vascular permeability C. Increases entry of complement and cells to tissues D. Increased venous drainage to lymph nodes

D. Increased venous drainage to lymph node

After being secreted from macrophages TNF-alpha causes all of the following except: A. Activates vascular endothelium B. Increases vascular permeability C. Increases entry of complement and cells to tissues D. Increased venous drainage to lymph nodes

D. Increased venous drainage to lymph nodes

Which of the following statements characterize ãgamma;2ê2 antibody? A. It contains a J chain B. It contains a secretory piece C. It is the initial antibody synthesized after antigen D. It contains a hypervariable region E. Each of the above statements is characteristic of this antibody

D. It contains a hypervariable region

MHC Class I can present a ----- and MHC Class II can present a -------- A. Lipid, peptide B. Polysaccharide, peptide C. Nucleic acid, peptide D. Peptide, peptide

D. Peptide, peptide

Effector lymphocytes include all of the following except: A. T cells B. CTLs C. Antibody-secreting B cells D. Plasma cells

D. Plasma cells

Which cells DO NOT mediate cell-mediated immunity? A. T-lymphocytes B. Macrophages C. NK cells D. Plasma cells

D. Plasma cells

Which cells do not mediate cell-mediated immunity? A. T-lymphocytes B. Macrophages C. NK cells D. Plasma cells

D. Plasma cells

Which of the following cell types cannot replicate in response to a specific antigen? A. B cells B. Cytotoxic T cells C. Helper T cells D. Plasma cells

D. Plasma cells

Which of the following cell types cannot replicate in response to a specific antigen? A. B cells B. Cytotoxic T cells C. Helper T cells D. Plasma cells.

D. Plasma cells.

A cell found in the circulation that secretes INFáalpha; and INFâbeta; is a A. Neutrophil B. Basophil C. Eosinophil D. Plasmacytoid cell E. Mast cell

D. Plasmacytoid cell

Where are MHC Class II molecules not expressed? A. Macrophages B. B lymphocytes C. Dendritic cells D. RBCs

D. RBCs

Select the INCORRECT statement about antigen-antibody reactions: A. The interaction between a soluble antibody and an insoluble particulate antigen results in agglutination B. Precipitation reactions occur on mixing at right proportions, soluble multivalent antigen and antibodies that are at least divalent C. Precipitation reactions in gels occur in radial immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis D. Radioimmunoassay (RIA) is not a sensitive test to quantitate antibody or antigen E. Antigen-antibody reactions involve weak forces of interaction

D. Radioimmunoassay (RIA) is not a sensitive test to quantitate antibody or antigen

A cell expressing CD3+, CD25+, and FoxP3+ is a A. (ãgamma;ädelta;) T cell B. Helper T cell C. Cytotoxic T cell D. Regulatory T cell E. Natural killer T cell

D. Regulatory T cell

Which of the following is NOT an effector response of activated CD4+ T cells? A. Synthesize and secrete IL-2 B. Synthesize IL-2 receptor alpha chain C. Proliferate T-cell clone D. Secrete and synthesize antibodies E. Differentiate into effector cells

D. Secrete and synthesize antibodies

No immune response has been demonstrated against: A. Carbohydrates B. Nucleic acids C. Food additives D. Small synthetic peptides E. Antibiotics

D. Small synthetic peptides

What cells DO NOT function as an APC? A. Dendritic cells B. Macrophages C. B cells D. T cells

D. T cells

What cells do not function as an APC? A. Dendritic cells B. Macrophages C. B cells D. T cells

D. T cells

Which of the following cell types do not have antibodies on the surface? A. Mononuclear phagocytes B. Natural killer cells C. Mast cells D. T lymphocytes E. B lymphocytes

D. T lymphocytes

Which of the following is not a pattern recognition receptor? A. Toll-like receptor B. N-formyl-methionyl receptor C. Mannose receptor D. TCR

D. TCR

Which cells mediate neutrophilic rejection when TGF-beta, IL-6, and IL-23 are present? A. Treg cells B. TH1 cells C. TH2 cells D. TH17 cells

D. TH17 cells

Select the INCORRECT combination for major subsets of CD4+ T cells: A. TH1 : IFN-gamma and IL-2 B. TH2 : IL-4. IL-5 and IL-3 C. TH17 : IL-17 D. TH2 : TNF-alpha

D. TH2 : TNF-alpha

The variable region of the light chain of immunoglobulin is genetically coded for: A. VL B. JL C. DL D. VL and JL E. VL, JL, and DL

D. VL and JL

The role of macrophages in the immune response includes: A. Antigen engulfment B. Production of interleukin-1 (IL-1) C. Production of endogenous pyrogen D. Presentation of antigen in the context of class II histocompatibility antigens E. All of the above

E. All of the above

Choose the INCORRECT statement about Immunoassays: A. Fluorescence-activated cell-sorting analysis (FACS) is used for determining clusters of differentiation (CD) antigens B. Fluorochrome-labeled antibodies are used to visualize epitopes on cells and tissues by microscopy C. Proliferation assays are used to determine the ability of lymphocytes to respond to a stimulus D. Chromium release assays are used to assess the function of cytotoxic T lymphocytes E. Allergy testing assess functions of IgA and IgM antibodies

E. Allergy testing assess functions of IgA and IgM antibodies

Which of the following is not a component of innate immunity? A. Epithelial layers B. Phagocytes C. Complement D. NK cells E. B lymphocytes

E. B lymphocytes

Which of the following molecules is not an adhesive molecule? A. LFA B. TCR C. B7 D. CD28 E. CD25

E. CD25

Which of the following is not a component of innate immunity? A. Epithelial barrier B. Phagocytes C. Complement D. NK cells E. CTLs

E. CTLs

Select the incorrect combination: A. Bacterial adhesion = LPS receptor B. Cell activation = IFN-gamma receptor C. Antigen presentation =MHC D. Facilitated uptake = Complement receptor E. Costimulation = Fc receptor

E. Costimulation = Fc receptor

Which cytokine do Th-1 cells use to activate macrophages? A. TNF-beta B. IL-4 C. IL-2 D. IL-12 E. IFN-gamma

E. IFN-gamma

Which of the following antibodies has an important function in mucosal immunity? A. IgG B. IgE C. IgM D. IgD E. IgA

E. IgA

After class switch recombination, the B cell that was synthesizing IgM and IgD can now synthesize the antibody of which type(s)? A. IgG B. IgA C. IgE D. IgG, IgA E. IgG, IgA, IgE

E. IgG, IgA, IgE

Which one of the following is usually the earliest antibody to appear after antigenic stimulation? A. IgA B. IgD C. IgE D. IgG E. IgM

E. IgM

Biological actions of IFN-gamma include all of the following except: A. Macrophage activation B. Development of TH2 effector cells C. Increased MHC expression D. Increasing IL-12 production E. Isotype switching to opsonizing and complement-fixing antibodies

E. Isotype switching to opsonizing and complement-fixing antibodies

A typical IgG antibody molecule has all of the following characteristics except A. It consists of at least two identical heavy and two identical light chains B. It has two antigen-binding sites C. It has specificity for only one antigen D. It is a glycosylated molecule E. It has two constant domains on each of the heavy chains

E. It has two constant domains on each of the heavy chains

The heavy chain of B-cell receptor (BCR) may be all of the following EXCEPT: A. Micro B. Delta C. Gamma D. Alpha or Epsilon E. Kappa or Lamda

E. Kappa or Lamda

A cell producing cytotoxic compounds following Th1 cell activation is a(n) A. Immature myeloid-derived dendritic cell B. Mature myeloid-derived dendritic cell C. Follicular dendritic cell D. B cell E. Macrophage

E. Macrophage

A tissue resident cell that responds to PAMPs and releases histamine and eicosanoids is a A. Neutrophil B. Basophil C. Eosinophil D. Plasmacytoid cell E. Mast cell

E. Mast cell

On the surface of which cell types are antibodies usually found? A. Mononuclear phagocytes B. Natural killer (NK) cells C. Mast cells D. B cells E. Mast cell and B cells

E. Mast cell and B cells

Which one of the following cell types expresses receptors for IgE on its cell surface that stimulate the cell to mount a response to parasites such as worms? A. T cells B. B cells C. Monocytes D. NK cells E. Mast cells

E. Mast cells

Select the incorrect combination: A. Naive T cells/mature lymphocytes B. Effector B cells/antibody-secreting plasma cells C. Effector T cells/cytokine-secreting CD4+ T cells D. Effector T cells/cytokine secreting CD8+ T cells E. Naive T cells/memory cells

E. Naive T cells/memory cells

A CD3+ cell that is CD1 restricted to glycolipids is a A. (ãgamma;ädelta;) T cell B. Helper T cell C. Cytotoxic T cell D. Regulatory T cell E. Natural killer T cell

E. Natural killer T cell

What cells DO NOT mediate innate immunity? A. monocytes / macrophages B. neutrophils C. NK cells D. Epithelial cells E. Neuronal cells

E. Neuronal cells

Cluster of differentiation (CD) molecules are found: A. Exclusively on T cells B. Exclusively on B cells C. Only on erythrocytes D. Exclusively on leukocytes E. On every cell of the body

E. On every cell of the body

A cell that secretes large quantities of antibody but does not express surface immunoglobulin is a A. B-1 cell B. Naïve mature B cell C. Centrocyte D. Memory B cell E. Plasma cell

E. Plasma cell

Select the FALSE statement about the immunoassays: A. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a solid-phase immunoassay B. In immunofluorescence, an antigen is detected by the use of fluorescence-labeled immunoglobulins C. T cell proliferations are assessed in response to PHA or Con A D. B cell prolifertaions are assessed in response to LPS E. Polyclonal antibodies are highly specific reagents consisting of homogenous populations of antibodies, all of precisely the same specificity toward an epitope

E. Polyclonal antibodies are highly specific reagents consisting of homogenous populations of antibodies, all of precisely the same specificity toward an epitope

Which of the following is not the property of cytokines? A. Pleiotropism (cytokine having multiple effects on diverse cell types) B. Redundancy (multiple cytokines having the same or overlapping actions) C. Synergy (Two or more cytokines having greater than additive effects) D. Antagonisms (cytokine inhibiting the action of another) E. Specificity (production of different cytokines for different infections)

E. Specificity (production of different cytokines for different infections)

What is the major histocompatibility complex? A. leukocyte antigen complex B. set of highly polymorphic genes whose final protein products regulate the immune responses, especially antigen presentation to T cells C. also called HLA D. also called MHC E. all of the above

E. all of the above

All immunogens are ---- and not all ----- are immunogens. A. foreign, antigens B. antibodies, antibodies C. proteins, proteins D. soluble, soluble E. antigens, antigens

E. antigens, antigens

Once activated, what are the major cytokines released by macrophages? A. TNF B. IL-2 C. IL-12 D. IFN E. both a and c are correct

E. both a and c are correct

Which of the following steps illustrates the typical class II MHC pathway? A. Endocytosis, Antigen processing, MHC biosynthesis, Peptides-MHC association B. Antigen uptake, Antigen processing, MHC Biosynthesis, Peptides-MHC association C. Peptides-MHC association, Antigen uptake, Antigen processing, MHC Biosynthesis D. None of the above

Endocytosis, Antigen processing, MHC biosynthesis, Peptides-MHC association