Immunology: Immunoglobulins
How many Fc sites are there per antibody?
1 that is at the bottom of the heavy chain.
IgM accounts for what amount of the antibody pool?
10%
IgA accounts for how much of the immunoglobulin pool?
15% to 20%
How many FAB sites are there per antibody?
2
Enzymes can be cleaved into___ or more fragments by the enzymes_____and_____
2 pepsin and papain
Immunoglobulins are made up of _____w/ ____ and ____
4 chains 2 light and 2 heavy
IgG accounts for what percentage of antibodies?
70% to 75%
Define Complement
Antibodies activate a system of plasma proteins that result in pores.
What are Monoclonal Antibodies?
Highly specific antibodies that react only with the antigen that caused their production.
What are the 5 antibody classes?
IgM IgG IgA IgE IgD
Define IgA and its functions
Known as the secretor antibody it is found mainly in body secretions. it protects against bacteria and viruses that try to enter through our epithelial surfaces. can cause fatal anaphylactic shock.
What are Heterophile Antibodies?
More veratile monoclonal antibodies they react with antigens that are of entirely different form and not related to the antigen responsible for production.
What are the primary functions of antibodies?
Neutralization(primary function opsonization complement
What are some immunoglobulins test methodologies?
Serum Electrophoresis Immunofixation Electrophoresis(IFE) Immunoelectrophoresis(IEP)
What is the center portion of the antibody and allows for flexibilty within the antibody?
The Hinge Region
Which area of the antibody is the upper portion of the FAB site and actually binds with the antigen?
The Variable Domain
Define IgG and its functions.
The antibody that is released after you've been infected for the second or third time. can cross the placenta and neutralizes toxins.
What activates the complement cascade?
The constant domain
Define IgM and its functions
The largest antibody and the first one sent during the primary immune response. most eefective for agglutination with 10 binding sites. and activates complements with 5 Fc regions
Define Opsonization
The process by which foreign cells are prepared for phagocytosis.
2 heavy chains form the ____ of the antibody structure
core
Define IgD and its functions
no blood group antibodies are known to belong to this class. it may act as receptors for antigens when found on the surface of B-cells. accounts for -1% of the antibody pool.
Define IgE and its functions
responsible for allergic reactions. responsible for immediate hypersensitivity reactions.
Define Neutralization
the inactivation of a pathogen resulting from antibody binding with antigen.
