Industrialization Labors
Which factor most limited the growth of labor unions during the late 1800's? A) Most employers were very hostile toward workers' efforts to organize. B) Most factory workers were satisfied with their wages and working conditions. C) The Federal Government declared that unions were illegal. D) Workers preferred to negotiate with factory owners as individuals rather than as members of a group.
A) Most employers were very hostile toward workers' efforts to organize.
Base your answer to the following question on the song lyrics below and on your knowledge of social studies. The Uprising of the Twenty Thousands (Dedicated to the Waistmakers [shirt makers] of 1909) In the black of the winter of nineteen nine, When we froze and bled on the picket line, We showed the world that women could fight And we rose and won with women's might. Chorus: Hail the waistmakers of nineteen nine, Making their stand on the picket line, Breaking the power of those who reign, Pointing the way, smashing the chain. And we gave new courage to the men Who carried on in nineteen ten And shoulder to shoulder we'll win through, Led by the I.L.G.W.U. — Let's Sing!, Educational Department, International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union, New York City Which type of labor-related action is best described in this song? A) a strike B) an open shop C) a boycott D) an injunction
A) a strike
Base your answer to question on the legislation below and on your knowledge of social studies. That the master of any vessel who shall knowingly bring within the United States on such vessel, and land or permit to be landed, any Chinese laborer, from any foreign port or place, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and on conviction thereof shall be punished by a fine of not more than five hundred dollars for each and every such Chinese laborer so brought, and may be also imprisoned for a term not exceeding one year. - Section 2, Chinese Exclusion Act, 1882 Passage of this legislation was mainly a response to A) economic and race-based opposition to immigrants in the western United States B) demands by businesses for additional workers C) efforts of the American Federation of Labor to recruit skilled workers D) pressure frorn railroads to limit competition in shipping
A) economic and race-based opposition to immigrants in the western United States
One reason the American Federation of Labor (AFL) was successful was that this organization A) focused on the needs of skilled workers B) rejected the use of strikes and boycotts C) ended the use of blacklists by employers D) called for government ownership of industry
A) focused on the needs of skilled workers
Base your answer to the question on the speaker's statements below and on your knowledge of social studies. Speaker A: Consumers in the marketplace must be allowed to choose the goods they want to buy, and their demand for those goods will establish a fair and reasonable price. Speaker B: The factories are dangerous to work in and wages are at the poverty level. Only labor unions can convince managers to improve wages and working conditions. Speaker C: The economy is far too complex to remain unregulated! Businesses have gotten big and powerful. Too many monopolies and too many companies ignore the public good. Speaker D: This government has fostered economic growth through its willingness to allow businesses to compete with one another. Government regulation will discourage, not encourage, economic growth! The focus of these statements is a concern over the A) future of the free enterprise system B) growing power of unions C) effects of the Great Depression D) safety of consumer products
A) future of the free enterprise system
In the 19th century, the major national labor unions wanted to improve the position of workers mainly by A) obtaining the legal right to organize and bargain collectively B) using government troops to settle labor disputes with management C) supporting government ownership of major industries D) endorsing a third political party for workers only
A) obtaining the legal right to organize and bargain collectively
During the late 1800s, the ideas expressed in these lyrics were the goals of A) organizers of labor unions B) sharecroppers following the Civil War C) Grangers demanding railroad regulation D) owners of big businesses
A) organizers of labor unions
Base your answer to the following question on the cartoon below (man on horse pulling steam train with the word monopoly on it) and on your knowledge of social studies. The American Federation of Labor responded to the situation shown in the cartoon by A) organizing skilled workers into unions B) encouraging open immigration C) forming worker-owned businesses D) creating a single union of workers and farmers
A) organizing skilled workers into unions
In passing the Sherman Antitrust Act (1890), Congress intended to A) prevent large corporations from eliminating their competition B) distinguish good trusts from bad trusts C) regulate rates charged by railroads D) force large trusts to bargain with labor unions
A) prevent large corporations from eliminating their competition
The National Labor Relations Act of 1935 (Wagner Act) affected workers by A) protecting their right to form unions and bargain collectively B) preventing public employee unions from going on strike C) providing federal pensions for retired workers D) forbidding racial discrimination in employment
A) protecting their right to form unions and bargain collectively
In the United States, organized labor made its greatest membership gains when A) the right to unionize and bargain collectively was guaranteed by legislation B) international competition began to threaten jobs in the United States C) the major business groups encouraged unionization D) the economy began to shift from manufacturing to service employment
A) the right to unionize and bargain collectively was guaranteed by legislation
The railroad strikes of 1877, the Haymarket Affair of 1886, and the Pullman strike of 1894 show that labor unions of that period were A) willing to use force to achieve their goals B) unable to organize large groups of workers C) firmly committed to laissez-faire capitalism D) supported by the Federal Government during disputes with big business
A) willing to use force to achieve their goals
Base your answers to questions 19 and 20 on the song below and on your knowledge of social studies. We mean to make things over, we are tired of toil for naught, With but bare enough to live upon, and never an hour for thought; We want to feel the sunshine, and we want to smell the flowers, We are sure that God has will'd it, and we mean to have eight hours. We're summoning our forces from the shipyard, shop and mill, Chorus. Eight hours for work, eight hours for rest, eight hours for what we will! Eight hours for work, eight hours for rest, eight hours for what we will! — 1G. Blanchard, "Eight Hours," 1878 In the 1890s, which political party incorporated the chief concern expressed in this song into its platform? A) Know-Nothing B) Populist C) Whig D) Bull Moose
B) Populist
Which policy can be attributed to the success of the American Federation of Labor in the late 19th century? A) supporting candidates of its own political party B) focusing on gains in wages and working conditions C) using violence to combat big corporations D) allowing only steel workers into the union
B) focusing on gains in wages and working conditions
Which was a major obstacle to the formation of labor unions in the United States during the period 1860-1900? A) prohibition of labor organizations by the Constitution B) general government support of management C) excellent working conditions in United States factories of the time D) status of factory workers as equal partners with management
B) general government support of management
In the late 1800s, why were most strikes by unions unsuccessful? A) unions were generally considered to be unconstitutional B) government usually supported business instead of workers C) strikes had never been used before in labor disputes D) strikers failed to use militant tactics
B) government usually supported business instead of workers
What was the main benefit that labor unions of the late 19th century gained for their members? A) job security B) improved wages and hours C) paid vacations D) health insurance
B) improved wages and hours
Industrialists of the late 1800s used pools and trusts to A) promote fair business practices in the marketplace B) increase profits by minimizing competition C) work cooperatively with labor unions D) exclude immigrant workers from factory jobs
B) increase profits by minimizing competition
During the late 1800s, what did labor unions in the United States have their greatest success in? A) persuading the government to limit most immigration B) organizing skilled workers into craft unions C) winning the great majority of strikes D) achieving a legally guaranteed minimum wage
B) organizing skilled workers into craft unions
The Rockefeller Foundation, Carnegie Hall, and the Morgan Library illustrate various ways that entrepreneurs and their descendants have A) suppressed the growth of labor unions B) supported philanthropic activities to benefit society C) applied scientific discoveries to industry D) attempted to undermine the United States economic system
B) supported philanthropic activities to benefit society
During the late 19th century, labor-management relations were influenced by A) union dominance over business B) the rise of craft union membership C) harmony on issues of immigration and taxation D) many court decisions favorable to unions
B) the rise of craft union membership
Base your answers to questions 11&12 on the cartoon below (One Sees his finish unless good government takes his ship, pirate ship flag with word trusts on it) and on your knowledge of social studies. Which group would most likely have favored government action to address the issue shown in the cartoon? A) bankers B) unions C) industrialists D) railroad owners
B) unions
A negative effect of holding companies, mergers, and pools on the United States during the late 19th century was that these combinations A) encouraged the Federal Government to spend more than its income B) reduced the need for labor unions C) decreased competition between businesses D) ended United States participation in international trade
C) decreased competition between businesses
A negative effect of holding companies, mergers, and pools on the United States during the late 19th century was that these combinations A) encouraged the Federal Government to spend more than its income B) reduced the need for labor unions C) decreased competition between businesses D) ended United States participation in international trade
C) decreased competition between businesses
In the United States, which development was a result of the other three? A) unsanitary working conditions in factories B) unequal distribution of profits between management and workers C) formation of labor unions D) 12-hour workday
C) formation of labor unions
What was the main purpose of this 1886 poster? Poster reads "Attention workingmen! Great Mass Meeting Tonight at Haymarket" A) oppose immigrants who took jobs from American workers B) support nativist calls for limitations on labor unions C) organize a protest against acts of police brutality against workers D) show support for police actions against foreign revolutionaries
C) organize a protest against acts of police brutality against workers
Eugene V. Debs, Samuel Gompers, and John L. Lewis all strongly supported the efforts of A) the Federal Government to favor business in disputes between labor and management B) the Populist Party to make government more democratic C) organized labor to improve conditions for workers D) business leaders to avoid Federal regulation of their activities
C) organized labor to improve conditions for workers
The formation of national labor unions in the late 1800s was mainly a response to A) passage of federal laws that favored workers B) laws restricting immigration and naturalization C) poor working conditions and low wages in many industries D) economic depressions that had led to high unemployment
C) poor working conditions and low wages in many industries
One similarity between the Knights of Labor and the American Federation of Labor is that both A) were limited to skilled workers B) nominated candidates for national political office C) were organized on a nationwide basis D) were advocates of economic and social revolution
C) were organized on a nationwide basis
What was a major cause of labor-management conflicts in the last half of the 19th century? A) Public opinion sided with labor rather than management. B) The Federal Government actively encouraged labor unions to strike. C) Most labor union members were also stockholders. D) Business leaders opposed the efforts of labor unions to organize and improve conditions.
D) Business leaders opposed the efforts of labor unions to organize and improve conditions.
Based on the speakers from question 3 Which individual held ideas most like those of speaker B? A) Andrew Carnegie B) John D. Rockefeller C) Henry Ford D) Samuel Gompers
D) Samuel Gompers
What is the main idea of the cartoon (as described in question 11)? A) Government policies have created a recession. B) Americans support the activities of trusts. C) Good government has saved the country from trusts. D) Trusts are a threat to the nation.
D) Trusts are a threat to the nation.
Which major economic development occurred during the late 1800's in the United States? A) growth of plantation-style agriculture in the West B) loss of tariff revenues as a result of a drop in imports C) domination of business by strong labor unions D) creation of monopolistic trusts to control numerous industries
D) creation of monopolistic trusts to control numerous industries
In the late 1800's, the outcome of most strikes showed that labor unions A) successfully used violence to solve labor problems B) had government support to improve working conditions C) benefited both workers and management in their efforts to unionize D) lacked popular and political support
D) lacked popular and political support
During the late 19th century, Samuel Gompers, Terence Powderly, and Eugene Debs were leaders in what movement? A) to stop racial segregation of Native American Indians B) to limit illegal immigration C) to gain fair treatment of Native American Indians D) to improve working conditions
D) to improve working conditions
