Infants

Infants typically sit independently, without support, by age ____________ months

8

keep in mind: it is important to learn the infant's ___________ during the first 1-3 months

CUES

defined as inconsolable crying that lasts at least 3 hours or longer per day.

Colic

The nurse is caring for a 7-year-old postoperative child who is reporting an 8 out of 10 on a pain intensity scale. The child's parent is requesting pain medication. The child received ibuprofen 3 hours ago. What is the correct nursing action?

Contact the health care provider and request an opioid pain medication. Contacting the health care provider to request more medication is in the nurse's power. Nurses must advocate for the child.

The American and Canadian Dental Associations recommend the first dental checkup to occur around

1 year of age

neonatal period lasts from

birth to 28 days

At the time of birth an infant's stomach can only hold________________

1/2 to 1 ounce.

Moderate sedation is a pain-management technique that is used with children. During moderate sedation for a preschooler, which action would be most important?

Assessing vital signs frequently, because they can become depressed

What is the developmental task of an infant ?

Gaining a sense of trust

A nurse is reviewing blood work for a child with a cyanotic heart defect. What result would most likely be seen in a client experiencing polycythemia?

Polycythemia can occur in clients with a cyanotic heart defect. The body tries to compensate for having low oxygen levels and produces more red blood cells (RBCs). This would cause an increased result on the lab tests.

The nurse is caring for a client receiving opioid medication for the treatment of postoperative pain. What are common side effects that the nurse should observe for?

Respiratory depression, constipation, dizziness

The nurse is caring for an 8-month-old infant with a suspected congenital heart defect. The nurse examines the child and documents which expected finding?

Softening of nail beds is the first sign of clubbing due to chronic hypoxia. Rounding of the fingernails is followed by shininess and thickness of nail ends.

When does object permanence develop in the infant ?

Starting at 6 months and really develops at 10 months

True or false. Most infants do not sit steadily until 8 months.

TRUE

when does the anterior fontanel close ?

The anterior fontanel traditionally closes between 12 and 18 months

A parent asks the nurse what symptoms to expect with normal teething in the infant. How should the nurse respond?

The infant's gumline will be tender. When teething some infants become irritable, have excessive drooling and like to bite on hard surfaces.

In infants, which teeth are usually the first to appear?

The lower central incisors are usually the first to appear, followed by the upper central incisors

concept to remember: physical development in infants begins with the head. They must learn to control and lift their heads first.

This test shall be overwhelmed by my intelligence .....

The parent of an infant asks the nurse when to begin brushing the infant's teeth. What would be the nurse's best response?

as soon as the first tooth erupts

Before tooth eruption occurs, parents should ........................

clean the infant's gums after feeding with a damp wash cloth

fyi: the average newborn weighs 7.5 pounds at birth

do not fear this exam

refers to an increase in physical size

growth

symptoms of teething

increased biting and sucking

Keep in mind: the health of pregnancy greatly affects the health of the ____________________

infant

The _______________ grows and develops skills more rapidly than he or she ever will again.

infant

The respirations of a 1-month-old infant are normally _____________ and periodically ___________________.

irregular; pause; The normal respiratory rate for a 1-month-old infant is 30 to 60 breaths per minute. By 1 year of age the rate will be 20 to 30 breaths per minute.

All infants should have their head circumference measured at health-assessment visits. Where should the nurse place the tape measure to obtain this measurement?

just above the eyebrows through the prominent part of the occiput

When does the anterior fontanel close in infants ?

most close in 12-18 months

_____________________ occur with pain even in preterm infants, so even with a lack of memory, it is clear pain is experienced.

physiologic changes

Research suggests that _________________ experience pain at a greater intensity than older children or even adults.

preterm infants

pain that is perceived at a site distant from the point of origin.

referred pain

The best way for an infant's parent to help the child complete the developmental task of the first year is to:

respond to the infant consistently

Important things to keep in mind with the newborn

safe sleeping practices, safe bathing practices, safe car seat, history of feeding, sleeping, voids, progression of infant wellness visits and vaccines

In infants, this is the first sign of clubbing due to chronic hypoxia

softening of nail beds

By which month can the infant roll from prone to supine ?

the 4th month

In children, being quiet can also signal pain. True or false

true

A mother takes her 4-month-old to the doctor for a visit. She asks the nurse what type of baby cereal she should buy now that her child is starting solid foods. How should the nurse respond?

You should buy rice cereal. Then comes oats, barley, and wheat. Wheat has the highest allergy reaction in infants.

a newborns stomach: for your information! on day one it is the size of on day 3 its the size of a walnut one week its the size of an apricot one month, its the size of a large egg

a cherry

Physical development of infants occurs in a ______________________ fashion. That means they must learn to control and lift their heads first. This is followed by the ability to turn over

cephalocaudal

What is the correct amount of wet diapers a mature infant should produce each day?

6-8 wet diapers per day

infant period lasts from birth through

12 months of age

Newborns sleep how many hours per day ?

20 hours per day

•Crying is most between____________________- than gradually diminishes as infants needs are readily understood and met by family

6-8 weeks of age

An infant with tetralogy of Fallot becomes cyanotic. Which nursing intervention would be the first priority?

Place the infant in the knee-chest position

What is moderate sedation ?

a medically controlled state of depressed consciousness that allows the protective reflexes to be maintained