Infection Control Chapter 28 Questions

Which factor increases the efficacy of disinfectants during the process of disinfection? a. shortened exposure b. the presence of pus at the time of disinfection c. the presence of soap at the time of disinfection d. temperature maintained at room temperature

d. temperature maintained at room temperature

Chain of Infection in order:

1. Reservoir 2. Portal of Exit 3. Mode of Transmission 4. Portal of Entry 5. Susceptible Host

Which function would a nurse recognize as an adaptive immune response?a. initiating the inflammatory response b. producing chemical mediators c. phagocytizing foreign substances d. triggering lymphocyte production

d. triggering lymphocyte production

Does the nurse expect which assessment finding in a patient with an abscess on the arm and a suspected systemic infection? SATA a. Anorexia b. Malaise c. Enlarged Lymph Nodes d. Decreased white blood cells (WBCs) e. Elevated body temp

Anorexia, Malaise, Enlarged Lymph Nodes, Elevated body temp

Which organism is a normal flora of the human colon that can cause an infection when it is displaced into the bloodstream?

B. fragilis

Which medical asepsis interventions by the nurse directly protect the patient from infection? Cleaning patient bedside equipment routinely Disposing of used needles in sharps containers Placing items wet from body fluids in biohazard bags Providing leak-proof receptacles at the bedside for tissues Preventing contamination of intravenous sites and pores Removing excess linens from the patient's room

Cleaning patient bedside equipment routinely Disposing of used needles in sharps containers Placing items wet from body fluids in biohazard bags Providing leak-proof receptacles at the bedside for tissues Preventing contamination of intravenous sites and pores

Which order do events occur in when the adaptive immune system is stimulated by an invading antigen? a. Synthesis and release of antibodies by B lymphocyte b. sensitization of B lymphocytes to non-self antigen c. Decoding of a non-self marker on antigen surface d. Antibody-secreting cells converted into memory cells e. Binding of antigen-specific antibodies to foreign antigens

Decoding of a non-self marker on antigen surface Sensitization of B lymphocytes to non-self antigen Synthesis and release of antibodies by B lymphocyte Binding of antigen-specific antibodies to foreign antigens Antibody-secreting cells converted into memory cells

26. The nurse is caring for a patient in the hospital. The nurse observes the nursing assistive personnel (NAP) turning off the handle faucet with bare hands. Which professional practice principle supports the need for follow-up with the NAP? a. The nurse is responsible for providing a safe environment for the patient. b. Different scopes of practice allow modification of procedures. c. Allowing the water to run is a waste of resources and money. d. This is a key step in the procedure for washing hands

a. The nurse is responsible for providing a safe environment for the patient.

Arrange the steps of PPE removal in order

Doffing PPE: 1. Gloves 2. Eyewear 3. Gown 4. Mask 5. Hand Hygiene

Donning PPE

Donning PPE: 1. Hand Hygiene 2. Gown 3. Mask 4. Eyewear 5. Gloves

E coli causes

E coli causes: UTI and gastroenteritis

Which blood test specifically assesses for the presence of an active inflammatory response?White blood cell (WBC) count Complete blood count (CBC) Culture and sensitivity (C&S) test Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)

Which microorganisms are associated with exogenous infection?

Exogenous: Salmonella C. Tetani Aspergillus

True or False: An infant's immune system produces a large amount of immunoglobulins

False

Which condition is an example of a communicable disease that can be asymptomatic? a. Viral meningitis b. pneumonia c. tuberculosis d. Hepatitis C

Hepatitis C

sterilization or disinfection critical, semicritical, or noncritical Implants Stethoscopes Surgical Instruments Endotracheal tubes Urinary Catheters

Implants = critical, sterilized Stethoscopes = noncritical, disinfected Surgical Instruments = critical, sterilized Endotracheal tubes = semicritical, sterilized Urinary Catheters = critical, sterilized

To reduce the risk of infectious disease, which vaccine is recommended for older adults?

Influenza and pneumonia

N. gonorrhea causes

N gonorrhea causes: - Pelvic Inflammatory Disease - Gonorrhea

What is a major reservoir for C. perfringens which causes gas gangrene?

Organic Matter

By which means are pathogens transmitted through droplets, requiring infected patients to be placed on protective isolation?

Pathogens are transmitted via droplets by the following means:- coughing - sneezing - suctioning - talking

Pneumonia Vaccine is recommended for people who:

Pneumonia Vaccine Recommended for - > 65 years of age - chronic respiratory problems

Separates people with a weak immune system

Protective Isolation

Separates people exposed to a contagious disease

Quarantine

21. The nurse is dressed and is preparing to care for a patient in the perioperative area. The nurse has scrubbed hands and has donned a sterile gown and gloves. Which action will indicate a break in sterile technique? a. Touching clean protective eyewear b. Standing with hands above the waist area c. Accepting sterile supplies from the surgeon d. Staying with the sterile table once it is open

a. Touching clean protective eyewear

S. aureus causes

S. aureus causes - wound infection - pneumonia

A systemic infection can cause which symptoms?

Systemic Infection: Infection that affects multiple areas of the body - nausea - vomiting - fatigue - malaise - fever

Which information about prescribed antibiotics would the nurse teach a patient prior to discharge to help prevent antimicrobial resistance?

Take antibiotics for the full time prescribed

Which teaching wellness for a group of females, which info would the nurse include related to perineal care? a. wipe from urinary meatus toward the rectum b. use stool softeners regularly to prevent pressure on the perineal area while defecating c. clean the perineal region once a day d. cleaning the perineal area is more important for young women than for older women who are postmenopausal

a. wipe from urinary meatus toward the rectum

True or False: Infants who are breastfed often have greater immunity than bottle-fed infants

True

The surgical mask the perioperative nurse is wearing becomes moist. Which action will the perioperative nurse take next? a. Apply a new mask. b. Reapply the mask after it air-dries. c. Change the mask when relieved by next shift. d. Do not change the mask if the nurse is comfortable.

a. Apply a new mask.

Which cellular component makes up purulent exudate? SATA a. Bacteria b. Neutrophils c. Monocytes d. WBCs e. RBCs

a. Bacteria b. Neutrophils c. Monocytes d. WBCs

Which action would the nurse perform to prepare a sterile field for a dressing change? SATA a. Choose a clean, dry work surface above the waist level b. Remove bracelets and rings c. Perform hand hygiene before handling equipment d. Hold the inner edge of the flap when opening the dressing kit e. Check the labels and condition of supply packaging and equipment

a. Choose a clean, dry work surface above the waist level b. Remove bracelets and rings c. Perform hand hygiene before handling equipment e. Check the labels and condition of supply packaging and equipment You want to hold the outer edge of the flap when opening the dressing kit

Which rationale explains why antibiotic use in animals contributes to human antimicrobial resistance? a. Creates a reservoir of potentially resistant bacteria b. allows for greater exposure to multiple c. Promotes new vectors as sources of transmission d. Lack of hygiene and sanitation in animal holding areas

a. Creates a reservoir of potentially resistant bacteria

Which info would the nurse evaluate when assessing the infection risk of a patient? a. Daily food intake b. Annual income c. Immunization details d. recent travel history e. medication history

a. Daily food intake c. Immunization details d. recent travel history e. medication history

6. The nurse and the student nurse are caring for two different patients on the medical-surgical unit. One patient is in airborne precautions, and one is in contact precautions. The nurse explains to the student different interventions for care. Which information will the nurse include in the teaching session? (Select all that apply.) a. Dispose of supplies to prevent the spread of microorganisms. b. Wash hands before entering and leaving both of the patients' rooms. c. Be consistent in nursing interventions since there is only one difference in the precautions. d. Apply the knowledge the nurse has of the disease process to prevent the spread of microorganisms. e. Have patients in airborne precautions wear a mask during transportation to other departments. f. Check the working order of the negative-pressure room for the airborne precaution patient on admission and at discharge.

a. Dispose of supplies to prevent the spread of microorganisms. b. Wash hands before entering and leaving both of the patients' rooms d. Apply the knowledge the nurse has of the disease process to prevent the spread of microorganisms. e. Have patients in airborne precautions wear a mask during transportation to other departments.

Which question would the nurse ask in the presence of an infection? a. Do you have a cough that produces sputum? b. Do you have any pain or burning during urination c. what medications are you currently taking? d. what recent diagnostic testing have you undergone? e. Have you had any recent cuts or lacerations?

a. Do you have a cough that produces sputum? b. Do you have any pain or burning during urination

Which statements best describe the purpose for greeting the patient and explaining the need for personal protective equipment (PPE)? a. Eases fear and misunderstanding b. Creates a professional environment c. Builds a trusting relationship d. Fulfills legal requirements e. Eliminates later confusion

a. Eases fear and misunderstanding b. Creates a professional environment c. Builds a trusting relationship

Which findings are measurable data that can be used to determine whether a patient is meeting infection-related goals? a. Handwashing b. Diaphoresis c. Pain d. Nausea e. Fatigue f. Fever

a. Handwashing b. Diaphoresis c. Pain f. Fever

After receiving instructions to pour a sterile solution during a sterile procedure, which statement by the nursing student indicates the need for further learning? SATA a. I should quickly pour the contents into container b. I can pour fluids into the plastic molded sections of the sterile kit c. i should verify the contents and expiration data d. I should remove the sterile seal and cap from the bottle in an upward motion e. i should make sure that a receptacle for a solution is located far away from the sterile work surface edge

a. I should quickly pour the contents into the container e. i should make sure that a receptacle for a solution is located far away from the sterile work surface edge

Which actions are required by the nurse when preparing for a sterile procedure? a. Keeping sterile surfaces dry b. Setting up the sterile field c. Leaving the room for supplies d. Checking package integrity e. Monitor the activities of others f. delegating preparations to UAP

a. Keeping sterile surfaces dry b. Setting up the sterile field d. Checking package integrity e. Monitor the activities of others

Which protection barrier is specified for use with a patient who has chickenpox (varicella) SATA a. Mask b. Gloves c. Gowns d. Goggles e. N95 respirator

a. Mask e. N95 respirator

15. A patient presents with pneumonia. Which priority intervention should be included in the plan of care for this patient? a. Observe the patient for decreased activity tolerance. b. Assume the patient is in pain and treat accordingly. c. Provide the patient with ice chips as requested. d. Maintain the room temperature at 65F.

a. Observe the patient for decreased activity tolerance.

Arrange the steps involved in removing organic and inorganic material from surfaces in the correct order. a. Rinse contaminated objects with cold running water to remove organic material b. use a brush to remove dirt or material in grooves or seams c. Rinse the object in warm water d. wash the object with soap and warm water and rinse again thoroughly e. dry the object and prepare it for disinfection and sterilization f. clean and dry the brush, gloves, and sink used to clean the equipment

a. Rinse contaminated objects with cold running water to remove organic material d. wash the object with soap and warm water and rinse again thoroughly c. Rinse the object in warm water b. use a brush to remove dirt or material in grooves or seams e. dry the object and prepare it for disinfection and sterilization f. clean and dry the brush, gloves, and sink used to clean the equipment

Which nursing student's note would the nurse correct? a. Standard precautions used during bed, bath, and mouth care b. education provided to patients about cough etiquette c. Location of the site where the injection was administered d. The patient performed a return demonstration on wound care using gloves.

a. Standard precautions used during bed, bath, and mouth care

The nurse observes the process of disinfecting a pair of scissors that contained visible blood and identifies which factor that reduces the efficacy of the disinfectant? SATA a. The blood was not washed off the scissors before the application of the disinfectant b. Soap was used to clean the scissors before application of the disinfectant c. The scissors were thoroughly rinsed with water before application of the disinfection d. the same amount of disinfecting time was used on all hand-held instruments, including scissors e. The room where the scissors were being disinfected was at normal temp

a. The blood was not washed off the scissors before the application of the disinfectant b. Soap was used to clean the scissors before the application of the disinfectant d. the same amount of disinfecting time was used on all hand-held instruments, including scissors

Which statement is true regarding the infant immune system? a. The immune system matures as the child grows b. The infant has refined defenses against infection c. The immunity of bottle-fed infants is usually greater than that of breastfed infants d. The infant immune system is capable of producing necessary immunoglobulins

a. The immune system matures as the child grows

38. Which process will be required after exposure of a nurse to blood by a cut from a used scalpel in the operative area? a. Placing the scalpel in a needle safe container b. Testing the patient and offering treatment to the nurse c. Removing sterile gloves and disposing of them in the bucket d. Providing a medical evaluation of the nurse to the manager

b. Testing the patient and offering treatment to the nurse

Providing education related to wound specimen collection, which procedural step will the nurse include? SATA a. Wipe from edges outward to remove old exudate b. place the clean test tube on a clean paper towel c. after swabbing the center of the wound site, grasp the collection tube with a paper towel d. clean the site with sterile water or saline before wound specimen collection e. use a sterile cotton-tipped swab or syringe to collect as much drainage as possible

a. Wipe from edges outward to remove old exudate b. place the clean test tube on a clean paper towel c. after swabbing the center of the wound site, grasp the collection tube with a paper towel d. clean the site with sterile water or saline before wound specimen collection e. use a sterile cotton-tipped swab or syringe to collect as much drainage as possible

Which element is part of the chain of infection SATA a. an infectious agent b. a vaccine schedule c. the source of pathogen growth d. normal flora e. a susceptible host

a. an infectious agent c. the source of pathogen growth e. a susceptible host

Which piece of equipment is considered a noncritical item that should be disinfected? SATA a. bedsheet b. implant c. stethoscope d. blood pressure cuff e. intravascular catheter

a. bedsheet c. stethoscope d. blood pressure cuff

Which nursing action is a measure to reduce reservoirs of infection? SATA a. changing soiled dressings b. never raising a urinary drainage bag above the level of the site being drained unless it is clamped off c. Covering the mouth and nose when coughing and sneezing d. dating bottles when opened and discarding them in 24 hours e. wearing disposable gloves while making contact with patients

a. changing soiled dressings b. never raising a urinary drainage bag above the level of the site being drained unless it is clamped off d. dating bottles when opened and discarding them in 24 hours

When discussing cough etiquette during an education session, which information would the nurse include? SATA a. cover the nose and mouth with a tissue when coughing b. dispose of any contaminated tissue promptly c. perform hand hygiene after contact with respiratory secretions and contaminated objects d. maintain a distance of greater than 2 feet from persons with respiratory infections e. place a surgical mask on the patient if it does not compromise respiratory function

a. cover the nose and mouth with a tissue when coughing b. dispose of any contaminated tissue promptly c. perform hand hygiene after contact with respiratory secretions and contaminated objects e. place a surgical mask on the patient if it does not compromise respiratory function

To reduce transmission of disease which step would the nurse take when administering meds to a patient with C diff? SATA a. give oral medication using a disposable cup b. wash hands with antimicrobial soap and water c. wear a respirator mask d. discard safety needles into sharps container e. wear gloves when administering an injection

a. give oral medication using a disposable cup b. wash hands with antimicrobial soap and water d. discard safety needles into sharps container e. wear gloves when administering an injection

Which patient is at highest risk of transmitting an infection to others? a. headache 2 days after glands begin to swell = mumps b. sore throat 3 days after starting antibiotics = strep throat c. runny nose 10 days after diagnosis confirmed = influenza d. persistent cough 3 weeks after diagnosis = viral pneumonia

a. headache 2 days after glands begin to swell = mumps

What are the signs and symptoms of pneumonia in an older adult?

a. increased heart rate, confusion, and generalized fatigue

Which statement is true about the skin as a primary defense against infection? SATA a. it provides a barrier to microorganisms b. it helps remove organisms when they adhere to outer layers of the skin c. it contains fatty acid that has an antibacterial action d. it helps wash away particles containing microorganisms e. it contains microbial inhibitors

a. it provides a barrier to microorganisms b. it helps remove organisms when they adhere to the outer layers of the skin c. it contains fatty acid that has an antibacterial action

After reviewing medical records, the nurse identifies that the patients with which conditions are more susceptible to infections. SATA a. malnutrition b. cancer c. diabetes d. recent fracture repair e. critical illness

a. malnutrition b. cancer c. diabetes e. critical illness

Which environment would limit bacterial growth? a. pH 3 b. under patient's dressing c. moist surgical wound d. temp of 38C (100.4)

a. pH 3

Which type of action is the nurse taking to reduce the spread of infections by not going to work when sick? a. personal b. Community c. Home d. Employee

a. personal

Which objective patient findings alert the nurse to the presence of infection or the risk for infection? a. pressure injuries b. enlarged lymph nodes c. Hyperactive bowel sounds d. Reports of pain e. decreased breath sounds

a. pressure injuries b. enlarged lymph nodes c. Hyperactive bowel sounds e. decreased breath sounds

Which phrases describe the purpose of hand hygiene? a. prevents the spread of infection b. Breaks the chain of infection c. Interrupts organism transmission d. Enhances the patient relationship e. Kill microorganisms

a. prevents the spread of infection b. Breaks the chain of infection c. Interrupts organism transmission

Which aspect of nursing care is included in supportive therapy that is provided to a patient with an infection? SATA a. provide adequate rest b. provide adequate nutrition c. maintain proper hand hygiene d. monitor patient's response to drug therapy e. use standard precautions during therapy

a. provide adequate rest b. provide adequate nutrition

Which action by the nurse may cause contamination of the sterile filed? a. selecting a clean dry work surface below waist level b. assembling necessary equipment before preparation c. completing all priority care tasks before beginning the procedure d. asking visitors to step out of the room briefly during the procedure

a. selecting a clean dry work surface below waist level

Which event occurred during a sterile aseptic procedure that indicates potential contamination? SATA a. the sterile field was lower than the nurse's waist b. the package was slightly damp on the bottom c. The nurse avoided touching the edges of the field d. an instrument was out of the nurse's line of sight e. the sterile syringe tip touched the nurse's clean glove

a. the sterile field was lower than the nurse's waist b. the package was slightly damp on the bottom e. the sterile syringe tip touched the nurse's clean glove

18. The patient has contracted a urinary tract infection (UTI) while in the hospital. Which action will most likely increase the risk of a patient contracting a UTI? a. Reusing the patient's graduated receptacle to empty the drainage bag b. Allowing the drainage bag port to touch the graduated receptacle c. Emptying the urinary drainage bag at least once a shift d. Irrigating the catheter infrequently

b. Allowing the drainage bag port to touch the graduated receptacle

The nurse who accidentally sustains a needlestick injury is at an increased risk for which condition? SATA a. Hep A b. Hep B c. Hep C d. HIV e. Tuberculosis

b. Hep B c. Hep C d. HIV

Which nursing action may contaminate the surface of a sterile item? a. Disposing of the outer wrapper b. Holding the arm over the sterile field c. Peeling the wrapper onto the nondominant hand d. Allowing the drape to unfold on a surface above the waist level

b. Holding the arm over the sterile field

37. The nurse is caring for a patient who has a bloodborne pathogen. The nurse splashes blood above the glove to intact skin while discontinuing an intravenous (IV) infusion. Which step(s) will the nurse take next? a. Obtain an alcohol swab, remove the blood with an alcohol swab, and continue care. b. Immediately wash the site with soap and running water and seek guidance from the manager. c. Do nothing; accidentally getting splashed with blood happens frequently and is part of the job. d. Delay washing of the site until the nurse is finished providing care to the patient.

b. Immediately wash the site with soap and running water and seek guidance from the manager.

1. The nurse is caring for a patient in a protective environment. Which actions will the nurse take? (Select all that apply.) a. Wear an N95 respirator when entering the patient's room. b. Maintain airflow rate greater than 12 air exchanges/hour. c. Place in a special room with negative-pressure airflow. d. Open drapes during the daytime. e. Listen to the patient's interests. f. Place dried flowers in a plastic vase.

b. Maintain airflow rate greater than 12 air exchanges/hour. d. Open drapes during the daytime. e. Listen to the patient's interests.

Which infectious agents have acquired drug resistance within a health care setting? a. Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) b. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) c. Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) d. Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) e. Clostridium difficile (C. diff) f. Staphylococcus aureus (Staph infection

b. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)c. Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA)d. Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE)e. Clostridium difficile (C. diff)

Which manifestations indicate systemic infection and warrant further patient assessment? a. Blood pressure of 164/104 mm Hg b. Temperature 101.3°F (38.5°C) orally c. Heart rate 122 beats/min d. Respiratory rate 16 breaths/min e. Skin warm to the touch and moist

b. Temperature 101.3°F (38.5°C) orally c. Heart rate 122 beats/min

The circulating nurse in the operating room is observing the surgical technologist while applying a sterile gown and gloves to care for a patient having an appendectomy. Which behaviors indicate to the nurse that the procedure by the surgical technologist is correct? (Select all that apply.) a. Ties the back of own gown. b. Touches only the inside of the gown. c. Slips arms into arm holes simultaneously. d. Extended fingers fully into both of the gloves. e. Uses hands covered by sleeves to open gloves. f. Applies surgical cap and face mask in the operating suite.

b. Touches only the inside of the gown c. Slips arms into arm holes simultaneously. d. Extended fingers fully into both of the gloves. e. Uses hands covered by sleeves to open gloves. f. Applies surgical cap and face mask in the operating suite.

Which medical equipment is considered to be a critical item that must be kept sterile? a. GI endoscope b. Urinary catheter c. Endotrachial tube d. Anesthesia equipment

b. Urinary catheter

19. Which nursing action will most likely increase a patient's risk for developing a healthcare-associated infection? a. Uses surgical aseptic technique to suction an airway. b. Uses a clean technique for inserting a urinary catheter. c. Uses a cleaning stroke from the urinary meatus toward the rectum. d. Uses a sterile bottled solution more than once within a 24-hour period.

b. Uses a clean technique for inserting a urinary catheter.

5. The patient experienced a surgical procedure, and Betadine was utilized as the surgical prep. Two days postoperatively, the nurse's assessment indicates that the incision is red and has a small amount of purulent drainage. The patient reports tenderness at the incision site. The patient's temperature is 100.5F, and the WBC is 10,500/mm3. Which action should the nurse take first? a. Plan to change the surgical dressing during the shift. b. Utilize SBAR to notify the primary health care provider. c. Reevaluate the temperature and white blood cell count in 4 hours. d. Check to see what solution was used for skin preparation in surgery.

b. Utilize SBAR to notify the primary health care provider.

4. The nurse is preparing to insert a urinary catheter. The nurse is using open gloving to apply the sterile gloves. Which steps will the nurse take? (Select all that apply.) a. While putting on the first glove, touch only the outside surface of the glove. b. With gloved dominant hand, slip fingers underneath the second glove cuff. c. Remove outer glove package by tearing the package open. d. Lay glove package on clean flat surface above waistline. e. Glove the dominant hand of the nurse first. f. After second glove is on, interlock hands.

b. With gloved dominant hand, slip fingers underneath the second glove cuff. d. Lay glove package on clean flat surface above waistline. e. Glove the dominant hand of the nurse first. f. After second glove is on, interlock hands.

To avoid contamination during a surgical hand scrub, the nurse recognize that is important to keep the hand in which location? a. at chest level b. above the elbows c. at a 45-degree angle d. In a comfortable positon

b. above the elbows

Which action would the nurse avoid while opening a sterile item on a flat surface a. keeping the inner contents sterile before use b. grasping 1.4in of the border to maneuver the field on the table c. holding the item with one hand while pulling the wrapper away with the other d. using 1 inch of the inner surface of the package border as a sterile field to add sterile items

b. grasping 1.4in of the border to maneuver the field on the table (should be 1 inch)

Which equipment is required for surgical hand asepsis? SATA a. sterile gloves b. paper face mask c. protective eye-wear d. clean countertop surface e. surgical scrub

b. paper face mask c. protective eye-wear e. surgical scrub

Which precaution would the nurse follow while following surgical asepsis? SATA a. rearranging the linen after a sterile object becomes exposed b. placing objects on the sterile field within the 1-inch border c. holding sterile objects above waist level d. discarding objects immediately if the sterile object becomes wet e. opening sterile packages when a minimum number of people are walking into an area

b. placing objects on the sterile field within the 1-inch border c. holding sterile objects above waist level d. discarding objects immediately if the sterile object becomes wet e. opening sterile packages when a minimum number of people are walking into an area

Which statement is true regarding the donning and removing of caps, masks, and eyewear during a medical or surgical procedure? a. the nurse should remove the mask before removing the gown b. the nurse should wear eyewear only for procedures that create the risk of body fluids splashing into the eyes c. a surgical mask should be applied first and then a clean cap to cover all of the nurse's hair d. Even if the procedure is long, the surgical mask should not be removed until the completion of the procedure

b. the nurse should wear eyewear only for procedures that create the risk of body fluids splashing into the eyes

a. the nurse should remove the mask before removing the gown b. the nurse should wear eyewear only for procedures that create the risk of body fluids splashing into the eyes c. a surgical mask should be applied first and then a clean cap to cover all of the nurse's hair d. Even if the procedure is long, the surgical mask should not be removed until the completion of the procedure

b. the nurse should wear eyewear only for procedures that create the risk of body fluids splashing into the eyes

Which explanation would the nurse give when a patient with TB asks why isolation is a special kind of room is necessary? SATA a. To allow for frequent chest x rays b. to prevent the spread of disease to other people c. To keep the patient's linens confined to an isolated area d. To prevent the patient from being exposed to other infections e. To provide negative-pressure airflow

b. to prevent the spread of disease to other people e. To provide negative-pressure airflow

Which body area would be at an increased risk for infection after the introduction of normal flora? a. rectal area b. urinary bladder c. oral cavity d. external ear

b. urinary bladder

Which groups does the CDC apply the term quarantine to?

buildings, people, animals, cargo

24. The nurse is caring for a patient who is at risk for infection. Which action by the nurse indicates a correct understanding of standard precautions? a. Teaches the patient about good nutrition. b. Dons gloves when wearing artificial nails. c. Disposes of an uncapped needle in the designated container. d. Wears eyewear when emptying the urinary drainage bag.

d. Wears eyewear when emptying the urinary drainage bag.

20. The nurse is caring for a patient in labor and delivery. When near completing an assessment of the patient's cervix, the electronic infusion device being used on the intravenous (IV) infusion alarms. Which sequence of actions is most appropriate for the nurse to take? a. Complete the assessment, remove gloves, and silence the alarm. b. Discontinue the assessment, silence the alarm, and assess the intravenous site. c. Complete the assessment, remove gloves, wash hands, and assess the intravenous infusion. d. Discontinue the assessment, remove gloves, use hand gel, and assess the intravenous infusion.

c. Complete the assessment, remove gloves, wash hands, and assess the intravenous infusion.

Which factor is most likely to contribute to the development of healthcare-associated respiratory infection in an ambulatory diabetic patient receiving an intravenous antibiotic? a. Excessive Activity b. Decreased oxygenation c. Current comorbidity d. Incorrect Antibiotic

c. Current comorbidity

Which factor can alter the infection defense mechanism of sebum? a. Abrasions b. Dehydration c. Excessive Bathing d. Improper Handwashing technique

c. Excessive Bathing

Which source is an example of the vehicle mode of transmission for infection? a. mosquitoes b. flies c. IV fluid d. food e. water

c. IV fluid d. food e. water

When discussing the chain of infection during an education module, which organism would the nurse include when listing portals of exit through the reproductive tract? a. lactobacillus b. clostridium difficile c. N. gonorrheae d. leionella pneumophila

c. N. gonorrheae

25. The nurse is caring for a patient who has just delivered a neonate. The nurse is checking the patient for excessive vaginal drainage. Which precaution will the nurse use? a. Contact b. Droplet c. Standard d. Protective environment

c. Standard

12. The nurse is caring for an adult patient in the clinic who has been evacuated and is a victim of flooding. The nurse teaches the patient about rest, exercise, and eating properly and how to utilize deep breathing and visualization. What is the primary rationale for the nurse's actions related to the teaching? a. Topics taught are standard information taught during health care visits. b. The patient requested this information to teach the extended family members. c. Stress for long periods of time can lead to exhaustion and decreased resistance to infection. d. These techniques will help the patient manage the pain and loss of personal belongings.

c. Stress for long periods of time can lead to exhaustion and decreased resistance to infection.

16. The nurse is caring for a patient in an intensive care unit who needs a bath. Which priority action will the nurse take to decrease the potential for healthcare-associated infection? a. Use local anesthetic on reddened areas. b. Use nonallergenic tape on dressings. c. Use a chlorhexidine wash. d. Use filtered water.

c. Use a chlorhexidine wash.

Which nursing action may allow the transfer of pathogens when performing hand hygiene? a. keeping hands down and elbows up while rinsing? b. Drying from fingers to wrists c. Using wet paper towels to turn off the faucet after washing d. Cleaning the area under the fingernails with the fingernails of the other hand

c. Using wet paper towels to turn off the faucet after washing

22. The nurse is caring for a patient with an incision. Which actions will best indicate an understanding of medical and surgical asepsis for a sterile dressing change? a. Donning clean goggles, gown, and gloves to dress the wound b. Donning sterile gown and gloves to remove the wound dressing c. Utilizing clean gloves to remove the dressing and sterile supplies for the new dressing d. Utilizing clean gloves to remove the dressing and clean supplies for the new dressing

c. Utilizing clean gloves to remove the dressing and sterile supplies for the new dressing

Why does an indwelling urinary catheter present a risk of urinary tract infection? a. The normal flora is altered when a catheter is in place b. it can get tangled in the linens or equipment c. it obstructs the normal flushing action of urine flow d. the patient experiences limited mobility when a catheter is in place

c. it obstructs the normal flushing action of urine flow

To reduce the spread of infection which action would the nurse perform on a patient who is 10 days post-hysterectomy and reports pain, itching, and warmth at the incision site SATA .a. contact the nursing leader b. review the patient's culture results c. perform hand-hygiene d. use gloves when assessing the wound e. use appropriate PPE

c. perform hand-hygiene d. use gloves when assessing the wound e. use appropriate PPE

The nurse recognizes which stage of infection in a patient with herpes simplex who states, "My skin itches and tingles but there are no lesions on my body"a. illness stage b. incubation period c. prodromal stage d. convalescence stage

c. prodromal stage

[sound:rec1675716690.mp3] a. when the sterile field came into contact with the wet surface, the sterile field was contaminated by capillary action b. when gravity caused a contaminated liquid to flow over the surface of the object, the field became contaminated c. the sterile field becomes contaminated by prolonged exposure to air d. the nurse came into contact with the edges of the sterile field, which are considered contaminated

c. the sterile field becomes contaminated by prolonged exposure to air

HIV infection is transmitted through which mode of transmission? a. vectors b. droplet c. vehicles d. airborne

c. vehicles HIV, HCV, HBV can occur when bloodborne pathogens enter into the bloodstream via contaminated sharp objects

7. A female adult patient presents to the clinic with reports of a white discharge and itching in the vaginal area. A nurse is taking a health history. Which question is the priority? a. ―When was the last time you visited your primary health care provider?‖ b. ―Has this condition affected your eating habits in any way?‖ c. ―What medications are you currently taking?‖ d. ―Are you able to sleep at night?‖

c. ―What medications are you currently taking?

The nursing team leader intervenes when a staff nurse delegates which task to assistive personnel (AP) a. Open gloving b. Surgical hand asepsis c. applying sterile gown d. preparation of sterile filed

d. preparation of sterile filed

The nurse expects which neutrophil count in an acute suppurative infection? a. 60% b. 65% c. 70% d. 75%

d. 75%

Regarding home care considerations for patients with infections, which statement made by the nursing student indicates the need for further learning? a. I should determine potential sources of contamination b. I should evaluate handwashing facilities in the patient's home c. I should anticipate the need for alternative handwashing products d. I should ensure that teaching back about sterile asepsis has occurred

d. I should ensure that teaching back about sterile asepsis has occurred

After receiving instructions to clean instruments before sterilization, which statement by the student nurse indicates the need for further learning? a. I will use a brush to wash the objects b. I will wash the objects with warm water c. I will dry the objects before disinfection d. I will rinse the contaminated objects in hot water

d. I will rinse the contaminated objects in hot water - you must rinse the contaminated objects in cold water

When discussing the chain of infection, which statement made by the nursing student indicates a need for further learning regarding the portal of exit? SATA a. the skin is considered a portal of exit b. hep b virus can exit through blood c. GI portals of exit include emesis and drainage tubes d. In a patient with a UTI, organisms exit through drainage tubes e. The influenza is released from the body through mucous membranes

d. In a patient with a UTI, organisms exit through drainage tubes (organisms exit through the urine) e. Influenza is released from the body through mucous membranes (False. Influenza is released through the respiratory tract when a person coughs or sneezes)

28. The nurse is performing hand hygiene before assisting a health care provider with the insertion of a chest tube. While washing hands, the nurse touches the sink. Which action will the nurse take next? a. Inform the health care provider and recruit another nurse to assist. b. Rinse and dry hands and begin assisting the health care provider. c. Extend the handwashing procedure to 5 minutes. d. Repeat handwashing using antiseptic soap.

d. Repeat handwashing using antiseptic soap.

Which interventions utilized by the nurse will indicate the ability to recognize a localized inflammatory response? a. Vigorous range-of-motion exercises b. Turn, cough, and deep breathe c. Orient to date, time, and place d. Rest, ice, and elevation

d. Rest, ice, and elevation

Which patient has the highest susceptibility to infection? a. Bronchitis b. Multiple Sclerosis c. Diabetes d. Second-degree burns

d. Second-degree burns

Which precaution would be implemented for a patient admitted for suspected West Nile virus?a. Contact b. Droplet c. Airborne d. Standard

d. Standard

Clostridium perfringes causes

gas gangrene

What is the incubation period for mumps?

incubation period for mumps is 16-18 days but can range from 12-25

Separates sick and contagious people from others

isolation

Which components would the nurse recognize as part of the innate immune response? a. normal flora b. low stomach pH c. skin d. capillary dilation e. T lymphocytes

normal flora, low stomach pH, skin, and capillary dilation

Arrange the steps of adding sterile items to the sterile field chronologically select a clean, flat, dry work surface open the sterile item carefully peel the wrapper over the non-dominant hand Dispose of the outer wrapper Be sure the outer wrapper does not fall onto the sterile field

select a clean, flat, dry work surface open the sterile item carefully carefully peel the wrapper over the non-dominant hand Be sure the outer wrapper does not fall onto the sterile field Dispose of the outer wrapper

Where do you maintain surgical aseptic technique?

surgical aseptic technique: - inserting an IV catheter - dressing a wound - suctioning - broncho tracheal tube