Inquisitive #2- 1301 history

Place the following events in chronological order to describe early English colonization.

1. Hakluyt wrote A Discourse Concerning Western Planting, arguing that Queen Elizabeth I should support colonies in the New World. 2. Roanoke Island was settled but ultimately failed due to lack of planning. 3. Jamestown, Virginia, was established in hopes of turning a quick profit but ultimately faced numerous challenges.

The Magna Carta was written in 1215, but by 1600 it was being interpreted very differently than its original intention. Identify the important issue at the heart of the new interpretation of this document.

All englishmen had rights and freedoms

Anne Hutchinson and John Cotton were denounced for Antinomianism, or putting their own judgment or faith above the teachings of the church. Identify the statements that describe the significance of Anne Hutchinson to the region's religious culture.

Although religious tolerance as a concept would not take root in the colonies for many years, Hutchinson showed other interpretations of the Bible and critiqued preachers. Hutchinson demonstrated how Puritan belief in each individual's ability to interpret the Bible could lead to criticism of the establishment.

What does this image reveal about the subtle changes that took place in Indian life as Indians became integrated into the Atlantic economy?

Although settlers tried to impose their way of life on the Indians, the Indians did maintain their cultural identities and practices. Indians adopted English-made attire and products, including those made of metal.

An important strategy in England's attempt to subdue the Irish in the seventeenth century was to integrate them into English society.

False

In seventeenth-century England, working for wages was widely associated with servility and loss of liberty. Only those who controlled their own labor could be regarded as truly free. Based on this understanding, which type of worker would claim the most personal liberty and freedom?

Farmers

Colonial English women were defined by their legal status as "feme covert" (married) or "feme sole" (single). Identify the unique privileges feme sole women enjoyed.

Feme sole women could own land. Feme sole women could make contracts and conduct business.

What was the first college established in the English colonies?

Harvard

Identify which criticisms of the church and the King of England resulted in Roger Williams's banishment from the colony of Massachusetts.

He believed in religious toleration, citing that God had singled out not only the Puritans for salvation. He was critical of the King of England for taking land from the natives without payment.

Identify the statements that describe an indentured servant or the conditions in which indentured servants lived.

Indentured servants could be bought and sold like slaves, and their obligations to labor were enforced by the court. Indentured servants were men and women from Europe who signed a labor contract in order to pay their way to the New World.

Identify the reasons why land ownership was so important to English settlers.

It gave men the right to vote in most colonies. It gave men control over their own labor.

Identify the first permanently settled English colony.

Jamestown

John Smith was one of the first leaders of ____ . He applied the same strict ____ he learned from his military background to the rule of the colony. For example, he imposed ___ on company land in order to produce enough food to feed the colony. After being injured, he was replaced by a successor who continued his strong leadership.

Jamestown Colony discipline forced labor

Identify the statements that describe John Winthrop and his beliefs about the concept of liberty.

John Winthrop believed that true freedom required individuals to submit to both religious and secular authorities. John Winthrop was the first governor of Massachusetts.

What was the enclosure movement?

Landlords displacing small farmers from their lands and fencing in their holdings to keep commoners away.

Identify the rights and responsibilities of people living in Massachusetts as outlined in the Body of Liberties.

Liberties were viewed as privileges connected to one's place in the social order. Slavery was allowed in the Body of Liberties. A separate list of rights and restrictions existed for those who were "dependent" on others, including women, children, and servants.

Identify the statements that describe Lord Calvert and his vision for Maryland.

Lord Calvert was the son of one of King Charles I's favorites and wanted to create a feudal system in Maryland. Lord Calvert was Catholic and wanted Maryland to be a refuge for those Catholics persecuted in England.

The establishment of Virginia and Maryland shared many similarities and also some notable differences. Identify which of the following characteristics correspond to either Virginia, Maryland, or both settlements.

Maryland -People of Catholic faith could find refuge and were encouraged to settle here. -Indentured servants were more likely to become landowners. Virginia -This settlement was established by a company of investors Both Virginia and Maryland -The headright system was in place. -Tobacco was the leading cash crop. -Conditions were unhealthy, leading to a high death rate for adults and children. -Indentured servants were relied upon for the majority of labor in the early years.

Identify the statements that describe the Jamestown Uprising of 1622.

Powhatan Indians allied with neighboring tribes and killed one-quarter of the Jamestown population because of the continued encroachment of English colonies onto native lands.

What does the image The Savage Family (1779) reveal about the typical Puritan family?

Puritans had large families, as a substantial part of women's lives was devoted to giving birth and raising children.

"Moral Liberty" was critical to the personal and governed lives of Puritans in Massachusetts. Identify the statement that describes the limits to personal freedom that accompanied "moral liberty."

Puritans had to subject themselves to authority, which included their personal freedoms being regulated by the church and god.

What does this image reveal about the life of Pocahontas?

She adopted English dress after her marriage to John Rolfe. After her Christian conversion, her name was changed to Rebecca.

What does it reveal about English settlements in New England, ca. 1640?

The Connecticut settlement spread along the Connecticut and Thames Rivers. Massachusetts was the largest settlement, extending along the coast from the present-day state of Maine to Massachusetts. Settlements didn't spread farther west than the Hudson River at this time.

Identify the statements that describe the significance of the headright system and the House of Burgesses to the development of Virginia.

The House of Burgesses was the first elected assembly in colonial America, and it was established in place of the governor's militaristic regime. In order to attract more settlers, the Virginia Company introduced the headright system that awarded land to individuals who paid for their passage to the New World.

Traders, religious missionaries, and colonial authorities all sought to reshape Indian society and culture. Identify the statements below that describe the recurrent warfare between colonists and Indians.

The conflicts resulted in feelings of superiority from the colonists and further encouraged their creation of boundaries between the two cultures. Colonists frequently forced out Indians, and then settled on the land that they had cleared.

Maryland in the 1640s verged on total anarchy. Identify the statements that describe the Act Concerning Religion (or Maryland Toleration Act) and its impact on society at that time.

The law was a milestone in the history of religious freedom in colonial America. The act did not establish religious toleration and liberty in the sense we know it today, as people who denied the divinity of Jesus Christ were punished. It guaranteed all Christians the "free exercise" of religion, institutionalizing the principle of religious toleration that had been applied since the colony's beginning.

England had many internal problems that caused both a civil war and persecution throughout the 1500s. Identify the primary conflict during this time.

The struggle to unify the country under one church

What does this engraving reveal about how promotional images were used in the 1600s?

This engraving suggests that the new world is rich with natural resources, demonstrating how promotional materials were used to encourage people to emigrate.

Although Puritans deemed women the spiritual equals of men, they were still required to obey men's will.

True

As a result of the Pequot War, which was caused by the massacre of the tribe for their actions against a fur trader, all remaining members of the tribe were killed or sold into slavery. The final treaty that ended the conflict stated that as punishment the tribe's name would be wiped from historical record.

True

As a result of the struggle over English liberties, the definition of freedom was greatly expanded both in England and English North America.

True

Much like slaves, indentured servants were subjected to forced labor and brutal treatment. But unlike slaves, after completing their contracted work obligations, indentured servants received "freedom dues" and became members of society.

True

Puritanism came out of the rejection of Catholicism and the search for true Protestantism. As such, Puritans encouraged individuals to read the Bible for themselves, rather than rely on sacraments and formulaic prayers administrated by priests. Puritans considered themselves to be true Protestants.

True

Tobacco played a transformative role in the colonies. Both the crown and colonial planters grew rich from the sales of tobacco to the ever-expanding mass market in Europe. As such, it became Virginia's substitute for gold.

True

There were many demographic differences when looking at the early settlers of Virginia and those who settled in Massachusetts. Identify the characteristics of the two colonial settlements.

Virginia -The House of Burgesses was their first body of government. -Tobacco was the most common cash crop. -The majority of the population was single men. Massachusetts -Family farms produced a diverse array of crops along with fish and timber. -The population was healthier due to the climate. -The majority of the population consisted of families.

Identify the statements that describe Oliver Cromwell and his policy of colonial expansion.

describes Oliver Cromwell -English ruler who assumed power after the execution of Charles I -led an aggressive policy of colonial expansion, extending English control over Ireland and Jamaica does not describe Oliver Cromwell -peacefully negotiated the expansion of English power over Ireland and Jamaica -strong proponent of religious liberty, establishing laws regarding religious tolerations that serve as the foundation for our modern understanding of freedom of religion

Identify the statements that describe seventeenth-century society in terms of freedom.

does not describe seventeenth-century freedom -Women enjoyed full economic freedom to participate in business, engage in politics, and participate in decision making in the home. describes seventeenth-century freedom -Settlers lived on a "spectrum" of freedom that encompassed a wide variety of different kinds of freedom. -People's ideas of liberty varied enormously depending on their status in society.

Identify the statements that describe the Great Migration and its impact on New England.

does not describe the Great Migration -represented the largest flow of people out of England in the 1630s describes the Great Migration -created the foundation for a stable and thriving society in Massachusetts -involved the emigration of Puritans from England to Massachusetts between 1629 and the 1640s

Native and English colonial groups traded many goods and ideas. Identify the goods and ideas Indians shared with the colonists.

goods and ideas shared by the Indians -furs and animal skins -native farming techniques -free, uncultivated land not goods and ideas shared by the Indians -metal tools to improve hunting and farming

Why does Winthrop consider "natural" liberty dangerous?

natural liberty doesn't obey authority; instead it acts on its own will, and as such, has the potential to lead men to evil.

By the 1660s and 1670s, ministers were regularly castigating the people for selfishness, manifestations of pride, violations of the Sabbath, and a "great backsliding" from the colony's original purposes. Identify the statements that describe "jeremiads" and how ministers used them to influence the actions of settlers.

warnings issued by ministers for violations of the church's teaching interpretations of social and environmental issues—like failed crops and disease—as God's disapproval

The idea of freedom suddenly took on new and expanded meanings between 1640 and 1660. Identify the statements that describe the Levellers and their contributions to the expanded idea of freedom during this time.

was the first democratic political movement that proposed a written constitution, which proposed to abolish the monarchy and expand the right to vote. offered a glimpse of the modern definition of freedom as a universal entitlement based on equal rights, not a function of social class