Inquisitive 23

In the United States, the organized antislavery movement began among Quakers. Which of the following are true of this group?

They were Protestant Christians who stressed the fundamental equality of all human beings. They were against military service and considered warfare immoral

Determine which of the following aspects of serfdom were abolished by Alexander II's proclamation, and which were not?

abolished -prohibition to own property -prohibition to vote -legal forced labor not abolished -legal restrictions to freedom -landlord control over the best, most productive land -obligation to pay taxes

Before 1800, everywhere from China to Chile and Iceland to India, most people were sick much of the time. Which of the following crowd diseases brought significant havoc to most of the world before the nineteenth century?

small pox measels influenza

This image shows the destruction of the Roehampton Estate in Jamaica in the 1830s when 60,000 slaves revolted against local planters. Study the painting, and match each label below to the correct area of the image. Note that not every label must be used.

top: 3 middle: 2 bottom: 5

Defeat in the Crimean War made it apparent to thousands of Russians that it was imperative to modernize Russia if it intended to compete with the major powers in Europe, such as Britain and France.

true

Through the first half of the nineteenth century, the southern region of the United States had the largest enslaved population ever seen in a modern state

true

Identify which of the following adjectives best apply to each major global process below.

Decline of forced labor: -sudden -controversial Vital Revolution: -incremental -unnoticeable

After abolition, enslaved men and women often had to take the initiative to demand their freedom. Abina Mansah is a former slave who gained her freedom by leaving the household where she was enslaved in the Gold Coast Protectorate of Great Britain (now part of Ghana). Read the following primary source excerpt, a transcription from Abina Mansah's trial against her former owner. Select the segments of the excerpt that illuminate the fact that enslaved men and women often had to demand their own freedom despite acts of government or legislative decisions.

"I heard that [the colonial government] had said we were all free. Yet I had been sold and I had no will of my own and I could not look after my body and health" "she said "If you don't you will be tied and flogged," and I said "Now all are free. I also am free. I claim freedom." That was why I ran away. ... [Eddoo's sister said:] "You are your master's slave."

Although slavery was at the core of the United States' economy in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, the practice became increasingly contested. Read the following excerpt of Thomas Jefferson's Notes on the State of Virginia (1785). Select the line where Jefferson expresses hope for a peaceful end of slavery, rather than one that is violent

"this is disposed, in the order of events, to be with the consent of the masters, rather than by their extirpation."

Analyze the following nineteenth-century American cartoon. Which of the following statements are supported by this primary source?

-abolitionists were mocked for their ideas -supporters of slavery linked ideas of abolitionism with massacres

The image below is a diagram from 1880 illustrating a design for significant sanitation reform under the streets of Paris. What changes were realized after the construction of new water supply and waste management systems such as this?

-drinking water separated from sewage water -reduced deaths from typhoid and cholera

Which of the following factors contributed to Alexander II's decision to abolish serfdom?

-his desire to modernize the Russian state -growing fear of brutal uprisings, such as the one led by Emelian Pugachev

By and large, slavery and forced labor flourished only under certain circumstances. Identify the circumstances that fed the increasing demand for slaves during the first part of the nineteenth century

-potential of wealth still unexploited -labor scarcity -development of markets for ores, sugar, fiber grains, dates, and coffee -warfare generated plenty of captives

The Industrial Revolution was far from the only process at work changing the world after 1750. Which of the following represent two other major historical forces shaping the modern world during this period?

-the decline of forced labor -the improvement of human health and life expectancy

The example of abolition by Britain, the world's most powerful country by 1850, was highly influential. Soon after, abolitionism went global, an example of an idea spreading around the Global web, crossing cultures, and effecting changes on every continent. Order the following regions according to their abolition of slavery, earliest to latest.

1. French Empire 2.United states 3. Korea 4. Turkish Republic 5. Nigeria

Fill in the blanks to complete the following passage explaining the development of global sanitation reform that began by the mid-nineteenth century.

1. Germ theory of disease 2. sanitation 3. waterworks

Between 1830 and 1920, most indentured migrants contracted to work on plantations across the globe came from a few places. Match each of the labels below to the correct map region.

1. India 2. China 3. Africa

During the old biological regime, both city and rural folks suffered from malnutrition and starvation. Bad weather could initiate a series of events that ended with famines. Place the following events in order to explain how this process usually unfolded

1. Occasional droughts dried pastures, affecting crop output. 2.Lack of available harvests translated into lack of animal food. 3.Animals died because of malnutrition, and people suffered from the absence of plowing and the lack of the products animals provided. 4.Food shortages generated famines, especially among ordinary people. 5.Malnourished bodies were more susceptible to infections and diseases, which most times were fatal.

Place the following events leading up to the abolition of slavery in the British Empire in chronological order.

1. Quakers begin the antislavery movement in Britain 2. William Wilberforce shepherds a bill abolishing the slave trade through the British Parliament 3. A revolt involving 60,000 slaves takes place in Jamaica 4. The Slaver Abolition Act takes effect

The period from 1750 to the late twentieth century was historically transcendent as humankind underwent two great liberations that profoundly shaped world history. Place the following key events from this period in chronological order.

1. The British empire abolishes slavery 2. serfs are emancipated in Russia 3. Brazil abolishes slavery 4. global flu pandemic kills 50 to 100 million people 5. small pox is eradicated

Fill in the blanks to complete the following passage that describes the context in which slavery thrived until 250 years ago.

1. immoral 2. the Americas 3. Religion

Fill in the blanks to complete the following passage describing the United States and its road toward the abolition of slavery

1. northern 2. Civil War 3. Thirteenth Amendment

Fill in the blanks to complete the following passage describing general public health prior to the eighteenth century.

1. old regime 2. 30 years 3. half

Fill in the blanks to complete the following passage about slavery in the twenty-first century

1. persists 2. North Korea 3. Sex slavery

Cotton, grown from Georgia to Texas, stood at the heart of the slave economy of the United States in the nineteenth century. But slave labor also underpinned the production of other agricultural products in areas such as Virginia and Maryland, South Carolina and Georgia, and Louisiana. Match each crop below to the appropriate region of the United States.

1800-1830- tobacco 1822- rice 1811- sugar

A key similarity between the Vital Revolution and the abolitions of slavery in all its forms is that both developments occurred suddenly and controversially, and they directly impacted the everyday lives of contemporaries living in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.

False

Slave uprisings in Caribbean colonies became increasingly frequent during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Two of the most historically significant revolts took place in Haiti and Jamaica. Match each statement below to either Haiti or Jamaica.

Haiti -the revolution erupted in 1791, and slavery was formally abolished in 1801. -the revolt's violence, scale, and success inspired a series of uprisings in the Caribbean -slaves successfully confronted Napoleon's army. Jamaica -The revolt was led by a preacher named Samuel Sharpe and involved 60,000 slaves. -Planters successfully suppressed the revolt with the help from former slaves and the British Army.

From the eighteenth through twentieth centuries, governments across the world liberated millions of people tied to forced labor. Across the decades and regions, different varieties of forced labor featured different characteristics and conditions. Match each type of forced labor below to the correct characteristics.

Indentured Labor: temporary contract, voluntary, laborers able to draw a wage serfdom: focused within Eastern Europe and Russia, laborers legally bound to land owned by lords chattel slavery: hereditary

Smallpox, one of the deadliest crowd diseases known to humankind, was completely eradicated in 1978. Two major discoveries, vaccination and inoculation, contributed to its eradication by conferring lifetime immunity to the disease. Drag each statement below to the technique it describes.

Inoculation: -This, the earlier of the two procedures, involved putting an infected smallpox scab onto a cut on the skin -the earliest evidence for this procedure comes from China, where child mortality fell from 40% to 10% Vaccination: - it spread faster globally than the other procedure -states such as Britain and the Spanish Empire established widespread programs for administering the procedure -it was the less risky of the two procedures.

Today, diseases such as cancer, heart disease, and strokes have become significant causes of death worldwide. How do scholars account for this, considering the fact that these diseases were less prevalent 300 years ago before the Vital Revolution?

Most likely did not live long enough to suffer from these diseases in large numbers

In the early twentieth century, the long era in human history in which unfree labor was legal and commonplace came—almost—to an end. Unfortunately, during the twentieth century certain totalitarian regimes continued to use forced labor. Which of the following regimes did so?

Nazi Germany Soviet Russia

Forms of serfdom and conditions imposed on serfs differed from place to place. Match each description below to the appropriate region. Note that not all descriptions must be used.

Prussia and Habsburg lands: -forms of serfdom here were milder than elsewhere Russia and Poland-Lithuania: -serfs had no legal protection against ill treatment -the status of serfs differed little from that of chattel slaves

Children and babies faced significant risk during the biological old regime because of disease. But in some cultures, the risks babies faced also included infanticide. In which of the following areas do we find the best documented case of widespread infanticide in the eighteenth century?

Qing China

The nineteenth century witnessed the liberation of millions of forced laborers. On the map below, select the world region where the largest abolition of forced labor occurred

Russia

In the textbook, the author explains: "Forced labor is an old human tradition. Legal codes designating some people as the property of others go back to ancient Mesopotamia." Over the years and across the globe, philosophers, physicians, and political leaders wrote about the nature of forced labor. Match the different ideas below to the person who articulated them.

Slavery will likely exist forever despite the fact that wage labor is more efficient than forced labor.- Adam Smith Slavery is morally unjust.- Olaudah equiano Allah made some people incapable of higher things, and they are therefore meant to be slaves -Avicenna The continued existence of slavery will likely lead to violent uprisings.-Thomas jefferson By nature, some people are meant to be enslaved.-Aristotle

Which of the following events ultimately led to the abolition of serfdom across Prussia, Habsburg lands, and German states?

The french revolution

The prohibition of the slave trade did not happen at the same time across the Atlantic world; each country had its peculiarities and enacted the change differently. Match each statement below describing different approaches to slave trade abolition to the correct region.

This country made slave imports illegal in 1808, but the local slave population continued to rise naturally for another 50 years.-United States Fear of frequent uprisings—climaxing with the Malê revolt in 1835—in addition to attacks by the British Royal Navy, led to the end of the slave trade in 1850-1851.-Brazil It announced abolition of the slave trade in 1817 but did not enforce it until 1867.-Spain It went through a slave uprising in 1812 led by José Aponte. The slave trade became illegal in 1867.-Cuba

In the Vital Revolution, mortality fell and lives generally lengthened. However, two diseases in particular showed how the tightening of the Global web also brought hardships in health. One was the globalization of cholera, and the other was the great influenza pandemic of 1918. Match each of the descriptions below to the correct event.

a bacterium transmitted from person to person via contaminated water- cholera can kill up to half of those who contract it, many within hours-cholera a viral disease that spreads via coughs, sneezes, and contact-influenza killed roughly 3 to 6 percent of the global population- influenza unclear origination point and reasons for why it disappeared-influenza originated in South Asia- cholera

By the mid-eighteenth century, health started to improve and average life spans lengthened, as illustrated in the table below. Identify the factors that, generally, contributed to making people's lives longer.

declining child mortality sanitation reform decline of epidemics refined farming techniques and introduction of new crops

By the beginning of the twentieth century, slavery in all its varieties and forms had completely disappeared

false

Which of the following groups were among the most at-risk populations during the biological old regime?

most at risk -young children and babies -city-dwelling people -pregnant women NOT most at risk -men over the age of 20