INQUIZITIVE; Chapter 04

Why did the public sphere grow in America during the eighteenth century?

Political authority in the colonies was weak. Local colonial governments lacked full authority.

American colonial voting and political participation was extremely restricted, and as such, directly reflected the English political heritage of North America's dominant colonial founders.

False

Identify the key characteristics of the Enlightenment.

the importance of reason use of the scientific method

According to Dr. Foner, Father Junípero Serra, founder of the Spanish mission system in California, sought both to convert the indigenous population to Christianity and to consolidate Spanish rule in the northernmost part of its American empire. Place the following events relevant to Father Serra in chronological order.

01 First Spanish mission is established in North America 02 Father Junipero Serra dies 03 Mexico achieves independence from Spain 04 Father Junipero Serra is elevated to Sainthood by the catholic church

Identify the commonalities between "republicanism" and "liberalism."

Both philosophies believed in placing limits upon the absolute power of a government. Both concepts worked their way across the Atlantic to the colonies.

Identify the statements that are consistent with the "social contract."

Citizens voluntarily gave up some freedoms to be a part of society. Citizens were in possession of certain natural rights that were universal and not subject to restriction.

Colonial North America was notable for its high rates of literacy and its active and relatively free press. Match the colonial-era newspaper to the statement that describes it most accurately.

Established in Boston in 1690, it was shut down after a single issue for criticizing a British military alliance with the Iroquois: Publick Occurrences, Both Foreign and Domestick Considered one of the best edited colonial newspapers, it was established in Philadelphia in 1728 and later purchased by Benjamin Franklin: The Pennsylvania Gazette Its founder, William Zenger, was arrested and tried for seditious libel after criticizing the governor: New-York Weekly Journal

An unintended but very real consequence of the Great Awakening was that it reduced colonial impulses toward democracy in civic life.

False

In a commercial business sense, slavery was primarily a southern colonial concern.

False

In the northern colonies, employers often saw free labor as more desirable than slave labor because of the generally accepted belief in northern economies that slavery was immoral.

False

Merchants and commercial interests in northern colonies, such as Massachusetts and Rhode Island, were opposed to the slave trade and did not benefit from it.

False

The intended purpose of the presidios established in North America by the Spanish was primarily to oversee the religious conversion of Native Americans to Catholicism.

False

Identify the colonies in which slaves were most able to establish their own culture with a minimal amount of outside interference.

Georgia South Carolina

Identify the correct statements about the life of Ayuba Diallo.

He was the subject of a portrait painted by the artist William Hoare. He was a Senegalese merchant who was captured by slave traders in 1731.

Identify the statements that best reflect the political realities of the concept of "deference."

In its application, it resulted in the qualifications for holding office being much greater than they were just to vote. It operated from the premise that natural aristocracy of "better persons" should rule.

Identify the statements that describe the results of "salutary neglect" toward the colonies.

It allowed colonial legislatures to use their control of colonial finance to increase their influence. It was a byproduct of the growth, size, and complexity of the British empire in the early eighteenth century.

Identify the effects that the Great Awakening had on life in the colonies.

It caused a transition toward a deeply personal approach to religion, faith, and salvation. It caused controversy and division in the colonies.

Pontiac's Rebellion was significant for which of the following reasons?

It represented an emergence of a unified Indian response to European encroachment on their lands

Pontiac's Rebellion was significant for which of the following reasons?

It represented an emergence of a unified Indian response to European encroachment on their lands.

Identify the statement that does not describe the eighteenth-century event known as the "Great Awakening."

It was a phenomenon unique to North America.

Identify the statements that describe the founding of the colony of Georgia.

It was established to be a buffer state between England's colonies and Spanish Florida. Its founders intended for it to be a colony where indebted Englishmen could have a fresh start.

Which of the following statements is accurate with regard to freedom of the press in colonial America?

It was not historically seen as a fundamental right that Englishmen possessed. It was viewed with suspicion by both local and imperial governing bodies in the colonies.

Identify the statement about the British empire that can be inferred by the symbolism in the image.

Liberty was the bond of the British empire.

Which of the following were the most common elements of the African-American cultures within the North American colonies?

The experience of being enslaved. The desire for freedom.

What would a map reveal about eastern North America during and after the Seven Years' War?

The majority of battles were fought along the Great Lakes. The colonial capitals remained along the East Coast.

What does the map reveal about eastern North America during and after the Seven Years' War?

The majority of battles were fought along the Great Lakes., The colonial capitals remained along the East Coast.

For colonial Americans, which of the following results of the French and Indian War had the most significant consequences?

The passage of the Proclamation of 1763. The staggeringly high costs sustained by the British empire in the course of waging the war.

Identify the statements that describe the religion of African slaves.

There was a general belief in a connection between the spiritual world and the forces of nature. Africans tended to adopt and incorporate some features of Christianity into their belief systems.

In the years immediately prior to the Seven Years' War, what strategies did Native American tribes pursue in their relationships with the European powers?

They continually shifted their political alliances to serve their own interests., They competed with one another to control access to the fur trade

"Deism," which is a belief that God withdrew after creating the world, leaving it to function according to scientific laws, came out of the Enlightenment movement.

True

At the conclusion of the French and Indian War, most American colonists identified heavily with the British empire and viewed the British victory as their own.

True

By the 1700s, many Britons had come to see power and liberty as naturally opposed to one another. Therefore, they established common law in order to attempt to strike a balance between the two extremes.

True

From the perception of the British nation, freedom, prosperity, and Protestantism seemed to mutually reinforce one another.

True

The press in colonial America flourished in the eighteenth century in part because Americans were among the most literate societies on earth.

True

The slave economies of colonial North America were based upon tobacco cultivation in the Chesapeake region, rice cultivation in the South Carolina and Georgia colonies, and nonplantation labor in the New England and Middle Colonies.

True

Fill in the blanks to complete the passage about the slave population in the mid-eighteenth century. By the middle of the eighteenth century, due to a more healthy climate, the slave population in the Chesapeake began to experience net population growth. Due to plantations in the region being small, slaves here lived in constant contact with white culture.

a more healthy climate, small, in constant contact with

In the eighteenth century, a series of triangular trading routes crisscrossed the Atlantic, carrying manufactured goods, colonial products, and slaves. Each arrow on the map below represents a leg of this system. Place the following labels on the map to identify each leg.

arrows to Britain: agricultural products arrows to colonies: slaves arrows to Africa: manufactured goods

The slave trade was a vital part of world commerce during the eighteenth century, one in which every European empire participated. Complete the following passage, which describes an integral component of that system. The asiento—an agreement whereby Spain subcontracted to a foreign power the right to provide slaves to Spanish America—was an important diplomatic prize. Britain's acquisition of such an agreement from the Dutch in 1713 was a major step in its rise to commercial supremacy.

asiento, slaves, dutch

Analyze the selection from the speech by Scarouyady, an Oneida leader, to the Pennsylvania Provincial Council in 1756. What aspects of white behavior does Scarouyady object to?

behavior Scarouyady objects to: stereotyping all Indians as foes. not behavior Scarouyady objects to: assuming all Indians are allies constructing a fort

According to Dr. Foner, the separation of church and state established in the U.S. Constitution was a sharp break with what had existed in the colonial period. Fill in the blanks to complete the following passage. On the eve of the revolution, most of the American colonies had an established, official church. There was a high degree of religious pluralism, but the government still recognized and supported an official church in each region, such as the Congregationalists in New England and the Anglicans in the South.

church, pluralism, Anglicans

Fill in the blanks to complete the passage about an aspect of British political thinking in the eighteenth century. Central to the concept of republicanism were the ideas of participation in government by citizens, who were property holders, in a political system that operated without a king.

citizens, property holders, a king

Identify the characteristics that correctly describe Great Britain in the eighteenth century.

not a characteristic of Great Britain: ow tax rate low standard of living characteristic of Great Britain: strong sense of national identity devotion to Protestantism common law single political-cultural-

Identify the issue that was not a point of contention between colonial assemblies and their respective royal governors.

royal governors effectively carrying out the wishes of the crown.

Initially within each colony, the governor was the dominant political force and the colonial assemblies were weak. However, as time passed, the assemblies gained more power due to the increasing economic value in the colonies.

true

Speeches given by the indigenous leader Pontiac in 1762 and 1763—both during and after the Seven Years' War—took the form of advice to both the English and to his Native American followers. Analyze the speeches from Pontiac, and then match the following statements to their intended audience.

speaking to English: "[A]lthough you have conquered the French, you have not yet conquered us!" "Your nation supposes that we, like the white people, cannot live without bread and pork and beef!" Speaking to Native Americans: "Fling all these things away; live as your wise forefathers did before you."

Identify which of the following trade goods were initially produced on a large scale in the New World as a result of the Atlantic slave trade.

sugar rice coffee

Identify the characteristics of the Enlightenment.

the importance of reason. use of the scientific method.

The Stono Rebellion of 1739 in South Carolina ultimately resulted in which of the following outcomes?

the introduction of a more restrictive set of slave codes in the colony an increase in the level of taxation applied to slaves imported into the colony

Fill in the blanks to complete the passage about the slave economies of colonial North America. The slave economies of colonial North America were based upon tobacco cultivation in the Chesapeake region, rice cultivation in the South Carolina and Georgia colonies, and nonplantation labor in the New England and Middle Colonies.

tobacco cultivation, rice cultivation, nonplantation labor

By the middle of the eighteenth century, due to a more healthy climate, the slave population in the Chesapeake began to experience net population growth. Due to plantations in the region being small, slaves here lived in constant contact with white culture.

true