INQUIZITIVE; Chapter 15
Why was education so important to freed blacks?
-wanted opportunity to take part in politics -wanted to read the Bible -wanted to participate in the economic marketplace
Former slaves worked to reunite and stabilize their families in the Reconstruction period. T or F?
True
Which of the following are valid statements about the election of 1876?
-The disputed electoral votes were in South Carolina, Florida, and Louisiana. -Samuel Tilden, the Democratic candidate, won the popular vote.
Identify the groups the Ku Klux Klan targeted.
-white Republicans -teachers -blacks who became landowners -African-American political leaders
List the following events of Reconstruction in chronological order.
1. Thirteenth Amendment 2. Civil Rights Bill of 1866 3. Ku Klux Klan established 4. Fourteenth Amendment 5. Enforcement Acts
Match the correct label to each map to explain what the two maps of the Barrow plantation in Georgia reveal about the effects of emancipation on rural life in the South.
Left side, 1860: - In 1860, slaves lived in communal quarters near the owner's house. Right side, 1881: - In 1881, former slaves working as sharecroppers lived all over the plantation.
The Bargain of 1877 decided the election of 1876 in favor of the Republicans, while the Republicans promised to recognize Democratic control of the South, essentially ending Reconstruction.
True
The Fifteenth Amendment divided the women's movement, as some of its leaders, who were disappointed that it didn't enfranchise woman, separated from their former antislavery allies, while others stayed aligned with them in support of the greater cause for equal rights for all. T or F?
True
Identify the provisions of the Radical plan for Reconstruction
creation of new state governments, temporary division of the South into military districts, state guarantees of black men's right to vote, the Fourteenth Amendment
Read and analyze the "Who Is An American?" document from the chapter titled "The Composite Nation," derived from an 1869 Frederick Douglass speech in Boston. Douglass believed that the United States was a nation of innumerable races. He believed that migration and the right to hold office both were essential to freedom and citizenship. In this speech, in particular, Douglass argued for the rights and liberties of the Chinese in America.
innumerable, migration, the Chinese
Identify the statements that describe the objectives of the Freedmen's Bureau.
- settle disputes between blacks and whites - secure equal treatment for blacks before the courts - establish schools for blacks - provide aid to the poor and aged - reorganize abandoned and confiscated land in the South into forty-acre plots to allocate to former slaves
What does it reveal about the impact of emancipation?
-Former slaves occupied and farmed their own plots of land -former slaves no longer lived in communal housing, but had their own quarters -Former slaves built their own churches and schools on the plantation
Why did northern Republican support for Reconstruction diminish in the 1870s?
-Many of the Radical Republicans who had established the Reconstruction plan had died. -Many northerners believed that the South should be able to solve its own problems. -Many believed that the federal government had created the conditions of freedom, and success was now up to blacks.
scalawags
-These were wartime Unionists who cooperated with the Republicans to prevent "rebels" from returning to power. -Southern whites supported the Republican Party and were believed to be traitors to their race by many southern whites.
How did the new state constitutions drafted during Radical Reconstruction expand public responsibilities and provide for equal rights?
-They created state-run and funded institutions like orphanages, prisons, and homes for the insane. -They established a state-funded free public education system
How did the Reconstruction amendments change the Constitution?
-They established the federal government as the protector of rights. -They expanded the definition of citizenship to include non-whites.
Identify the components of Andrew Johnson's plan for Presidential Reconstruction.
-pardon nearly all white southerners who took an oath of allegiance to the Union -appointment of provisional governors -refusal to pay Confederate debts -state conventions to establish new, loyal state governments -abolition of slavery -repudiation of secession
Identify the statements that describe sharecropping.
-required farmers to divide the crop with the landowner at the end of the year -preferred by former slaves because it allowed them to work without white supervision -guaranteed planters a stable labor force -a compromise between blacks' desire for landownership and whites' need to discipline their labor force
How did Congress attempt to eradicate the power of the Ku Klux Klan?
Enforcement Acts
The Fourteenth Amendment established the principle of citizenship for all persons born in the United States and empowered the federal government to protect the rights of all Americans. T or F?
False
What does it reveal about the realities of emancipation?
Former slaves no longer lived in communal housing, but had their own quarters. Former slaves built their own churches and schools on the plantation. Former slaves occupied and farmed their own plots of land.
Horatio Seymour, the 1868 Democratic nominee for president, carried the state where he had previously served as governor. Samuel Tilden, the 1876 Democratic nominee, had also been governor of the same state. Select the state on the map.
New York ( 33 votes, top right corner)
Former slaves believed that their political freedom should include the right to vote. T or F?
True
Former slaves worked to reunite and stabilize their families in the Reconstruction period.
True
The Fifteenth Amendment divided the women's movement. Some of its leaders were disappointed that it didn't include women, while other leaders acknowledged the amendment's limitations but believed it represented an important step toward national suffrage.
True
Read the excerpt below from A Sharecropping Contract (1866). We [Freedmen] furthermore bind ourselves to and with said Ross that we will do good work and labor ten hours a day on an average, winter and summer. . . . We further agree that we will lose all lost time, or pay at the rate of one dollar per day, rainy days excepted. In sickness and women lying in childbed are to lose the time and account for it to the other hands out of his or her part of the crop. . . . We furthermore bind ourselves that we will obey the orders of said Ross in all things in carrying out and managing said crop for said year and be docked for disobedience. All is responsible for all farming utensils that is on hand or may be placed in care of said Freedmen for the year 1866 to said Ross and are also responsible to said Ross if we carelessly, maliciously maltreat any of his stock for said year to said Ross for damages to be assessed out of our wages. In what ways does the contract limit the freedom of the laborers?
- The freedmen are required to compensate the landowner if they miss work for a day. - The freedmen are contractually obligated to "obey" the landowner.
Read and analyze the "Who Is An American?" document from the chapter titled "The Composite Nation," derived from an 1869 Frederick Douglass speech in Boston. In the speech, Douglass presented his vision for America. Select the specific excerpts below where Douglass argues for equal rights for people of all races and national origins.
- Would you have them naturalized, and have them invested with all the rights of American citizenship? I would. Would you allow them to hold office? I would. - all shall here bow to the same law, speak the same language, support the same government, enjoy the same liberty.
Identify some of the ways in which blacks demonstrated their freedom following the end of the Civil War.
- by traveling - by locating and reuniting with loved ones from whom they had been separated under slavery - by attending mass meetings and religious services
What does it reveal about the relationships between freed blacks and former slaveowners after emancipation?
-Freed blacks and former slaveowners still interacted frequently after emancipation. -Freed blacks no longer had to show reverence to their former owners.
In what ways does the contract limit the freedom of the laborers?
-Freedmen are contractually obligated to "obey" the landowner -freedmen are required to compensate the landowner if they miss work for a day
Why did former slaves believe that landownership was the cornerstone of freedom?
-It allowed for the development of black communities independent of white control. -They were entitled to the land because of their unpaid labor.
carpetbaggers
-Northern whites relocated to the South after the Civil War. Southern whites believed they had come simply for economic gain. -Their name suggests they packed all of their belongings in a suitcase and left their homes eager to take advantage of opportunities in the South. an insulting term used to describe a northerner who moved to the south after the civil war
Why did southerners oppose Reconstruction?
-Poor southern whites did not experience the improvement to their economic situation as they had hoped. -Southern whites could not accept the idea of blacks' equality. -Reconstruction governments were corrupt.
Why did southern planters and merchants oppose Reconstruction and the new state governments?
-Reconstruction governments were corrupt. -Southern whites could not accept the idea of blacks' equality. -Poor southern whites did not experience the improvement to their economic situation as they had hoped.
How did the Black Codes attempt to regulate the lives of former slaves?
-They denied blacks the right to testify in court against whites. -They prohibited blacks from serving on juries. -They denied blacks the right to serve in state militias. -They did not allow blacks to vote.
Why was education so important to freed blacks during this era?
-They wanted to be able to read the Bible. -They wanted the opportunity to take part in politics. -They wanted to prepare to participate in the economic marketplace.
Identify the functions of the black churches in the Reconstruction South.
-a political gathering spot -a place of worship -housed schools -a place for social gatherings
Identify the components of Andrew Johnson's plan for Presidential Reconstruction.
-abolition of slavery -pardon nearly all white southerners who took an --oath of allegiance to the Union -appointment of provisional governors -refusal to pay Confederate debts -repudiation of secession -state conventions to establish new, loyal state governments
Identify the statements that describe the objectives of the Freedmen's Bureau.
-establish schools for blacks -settle disputes between blacks and whites -secure equal treatment for blacks before the courts -provide aid to the poor and aged
Identify the provisions of the Radical plan for Reconstruction.
-the Fourteenth Amendment -state guarantees of black men's right to vote -temporary division of the South into military districts -creation of new state governments
Identify the factors that contributed to the weakening of northern support for Reconstruction.
-the economic depression of the early 1870s -the growth of Democratic power in Congress -the Supreme Court's failure to fully uphold the rights of blacks -northern journalists' depictions of the failure of southern black leadership
The competing visions of Reconstruction between President Johnson and the Radical Republicans brought forth the nation's first impeachment charges. Place the following events in chronological order. Note that not all options must be used.
1. Congress authorized the Tenure of Office Act in March 1867. 2. Johnson removed Secretary of War Edwin Stanton. 3. The House of Representatives initiated impeachment charges.
Select the areas of the map that cast their electoral votes for Republican candidate Ulysses S. Grant in the election of 1868.
Alabama ( state with 8 votes) California (state with 5 votes) Ohio ( state with 21 votes)
The Republicans in Congress were unified in their vision for Reconstruction. T or F?
False
The United States was the only major society to experience problems with labor during the transition from slavery to freedom.
False
The United States was the only society to experience problems with labor during the transition from slavery to freedom. T or F?
False
According to the video, why was Frederick Douglass's perspective on the question, "Who is an American?" considered radical for the time?
He believed people of all races and national origins could become good Americans.
The Bargain of 1877 decided the election of 1876 in favor of the Republicans, while the Republicans promised to recognize Democratic control of the South, essentially ending Reconstruction. T or F?
True
The Fourteenth Amendment granted citizenship for all persons born in the United States and empowered the federal government to protect the rights of all Americans.
True
The Ku Klux Klan was a racially motivated terrorist organization that spread throughout the entire South during Reconstruction. T or F?
True
Analyze the cartoon "Practical Illustration of the Virginia Constitution" (ca. 1870), and complete the following statement. Whites feared that Reconstruction would result in integrated schools and blacks having representation in the court system, including sitting on juries.
Whites, integrated, the court system
Fill in the blanks to complete the statement describing the different visions of freedom in the Reconstruction South. The former slaves defined freedom as the right to mobility, education, political participation, and landownership. Southern whites defined freedom as a privilege, not a right. Northern Republicans believed freedom was the right of labor to compete and advance in society.
landownership, privilege, compete
Fill in the blanks to complete the statement describing the new systems of labor that emerged in the South. The task system survived in the rice kingdoms of South Carolina and Georgia, while wage labor was preferred in Louisiana's sugar plantations. Sharecropping came to dominate in the cotton and tobacco regions of Virginia and North Carolina.
task system, wage labor, sharecropping
Why did Congress bring articles of impeachment against Andrew Johnson?
violated the Tenure of Office Act
