integumentary system
startum granulosum
"Granual" layer, cells resemble granules filled with keratin and protein, natural moisturizing substance that are part of the barrier function and cells are dying here.
stratum spinosum
a layer of the epidermis that provides strength and flexibility to the skin
The oxygen-binding protein found in muscle cells is ________. A) hemoglobin B) ATP C) myoglobin D) immunoglobin
a. hemoglobon
loose connective tissue (fat) composed of adipocytes, main role is to store energy, cushion and insulate the body
adipose
dead cells lacking a nucleus and are tightly packed together
anucleate
a smooth muscle attached to hair follicles that causes "goose bumps" to appear on the skin when contracted
arrestor pili
the stratrum __ is a single layer of columnar or high cuboidal cells resting on a basement membrane
basale
in the nails, the lunula appears whitish because a thickens underlying stratum basale obscures the underlying ___
blood vessels
reticular layer contains
blood vessels, sweat and oil glands, deep pressure receptors
reddish-blue, irregularly shaped, solid and spongy mass of blood vessels
cavernous hemangioma
Melanocytes
cells that produce melanin, protect nuclear DNA from ultraviolet radiation
the stratum ___ is composed of up to 30 layers of cornfield, dead cells
corneum
The root and shaft of a hair are composed of...
dead keratinized epithelial cells
contain the capillaries that transport oxygen and nutrients to the epidermis, while removing waste products. They have specialized nerve endings that are extremely sensitive
dermal papillae
Anchoring junctions that prevent cells from being pulled apart
desmosomes
each time a keratinocyte stem cel in the stratum basale ____, a daughter cell is ____ toward the external surface from the stratum basale.
divided, pushed
fourth epidermal layer, cells are immune cells that help fight infection. in the epidermis.
epidermal dendritic
The downward waves are extensions of the epidermis
epidermal ridges
ridge patterns along the contours of the skin, found on fingertips, palms, soles and toes. large folds
friction ridges
the stratum __ is composed of 3-5 layers of flattened keratinocytes containing dark staining keratohyalin granules
granulosum
composed of keratinized cells going from __ follicles that extend deep into the dermis, often projecting into the underlying subcutaneous layer.
hair
Lowest part of a hair strand; the thickened, club-shaped structure that forms the lower part of the hair root.
hair bulb
consists of epithelial cells and is a swelling at the base the hair originates in the dermis.
hair bulb
composed a small amount of connective tissue containing tiny blood vessels and nerves.
hair papilla
dermal tissue containing a knot of capillaries that supplies nutrients to growing hair
hair papilla
a benign tumor made up of newly formed blood vessels
hemangioma
normal skin color results from a combination of factors, mainly pigments of ______, _____ and ______
hemoglobin, melanin and carotene
Process by which newly formed cells in the hair bulb mature, fill with keratin, move upward, lose their nucleus, and die.
keratinization
The most abundant cells of the epidermis.
keratinocytes
the stratum basale is dominated by large __ stem cells, which divide to generate new cells that replace dead ____ shed from the surface
keratinocytes
fine, unpigmented fetal hair
lanugo hair
The bundles of collagen and elastin fiber in the dermis align themselves parallel to the direction of routine movement; this orientation of fiber bundles creates
lines of cleavage (tension lines)
hair bulb contains
living epithelial cells
the stratum ___ is a translucent layer composed of 3-5 ;ayers of keratinocytes without nuclei or organelles
lucidum
nervus
mole
epidermal derivatives
nails, hair, exocrine glands
reticular word meaning
network
papillary layer
outer layer of the dermis, directly beneath the epidermis
deeper, major portion of the dermis that extends from the papillary layer to the underlying subcutaneous layer
reticular layer
A single hair, or pilus, has the shape of a ___ ____
slender filament
the stratum ___ is composed of many layers of keratinocytes that firmly attached to each other by desmosome. this layer also contains dendritic cells
spinosum
The Deepest layer of the epidermis also know as stratum germinativum. single layer of cuboidal to columnar cells is tightly attached to an underlying basement membrane that separates the epidermis from the connective tissue of the adjacent dermis.
stratum basale
the layer of the epidermis that includes melanocytes and a single row of columnar cells that under go mitosis is the
stratum basale
the layer of the skin from which most new epidermal cells are derived from is the
stratum basale
which three Strata are composed of living keratinocytes?
stratum basale, spinosum and granulosum
outermost layer of the epidermis, which consists of flattened, keratinized cells
stratum corneum
layer of epidermis where the process of keratinization begins
stratum granulosum
a layer of the epidermis found only in the thick skin of the fingers, palms, and soles
stratum lucidum
which two strata of the epidermis contain dead cells?
stratum lucidum and corneum (superficial)
also called hypodermis, layer consists of both areolar connective tissue and adipose connective tissue.
subcutaneous
in some locations of the body, adipose connective tissue predominates, thus the subcutaneous layer is called
subcutaneous fat
(Merkel cells) cells scattered within in the stratum basale who are sensitive to touch, and when compressed (touched) they release chemicals to stimulate nerve endings
tactile cells
coarser, pigmented, longer hair found on eyebrows, eyelashes and scalp
terminal hair
lunula
whitish, half-moon shape at the base of the nail
Two types of hemangiomas
Capillary and Cavernous
Strawberry-colored birthmarks are also called:
Capillary hemangiomas
Dermis
Inner layer of skin
Hyponchium
Skin between the free edge and fingertip of the natural nail
primary human hair and is found on the upper and lower limbs.
vellus hair