Integumentary System (Chap 6)

as people age, pigment production in hair follicles __, and this hair becomes __ in color

decreases/lighter

merocrine sweat production __ during the aging process

diminishes

gland location merocrine

distributed throughout the body

In the second step of wound healing, a blood clot temporarily patches the __ of the wound together and acts as a barrier to prevent the entry of __ into the body

edges/pathogens

in the second step of wound healing, a blood clot temporarily patches the __ of the wound together and acts as a barrier to prevent the entry of __ into the body

edges/pathogens

match skin with a description prevents water loss

epidermis is water resistant

the main function of the subcutaneous layer

-acts as an energy reservoir -protects the body -provide thermal insulation

the main functions of the subcutaneous layer are

-acts as an energy reservoir -protects the body -provides thermal insulation

mammary glands only become function in

-pregnant females --lactating females

Which is a possible description of the skin's form and function

-skin renewing -indicator of health -barrier

epidermal strata

-stratum corneum -stratum lucidum -stratum granulosum -stratum spinosum -stratum basale

In the first steps of wound healing, the blood brings what

-white blood cells -clotting proteins -antibodies

healing of a second degree burns take approximately __ weeks, and slight scarring may occur

2-4

Keratinocytes of the epidermis are usually present for about __ week(s)

4

keratinocytes of the epidermis are usually present for about __ weeks

4 (one month)

locate the nail body of the finger nail

A (the finger nail)

locate lunula of the nail

B

locate the eponychium of the nail

C

locate the nail fold of the nail

D sides

the stratum corneum consists of about 20 to 30 layers of dead, scaly, interlocking keratinized cells called __

anucleate

integumentary or subcutaneous bottom layer

areolar and adipose connective tissue subcutaneous/hypodermis tissue

gland location sebaceous

associated with hair follicles over much of the skin

gland location apocrine

axillary, anal, areolar, and pubic regions

walking barefoot can cause stem cells in the stratum __ to divide rapidly resulting in a thickening in the soles of the feet, thus providing more protection for the underlying tissues

basale

In the second step of wound healing, a __ forms

blood clot

gland location mammary

breasts

among the stimuli detected by the sensory receptors of the skin are __

cold, vibration, pressure

lines the cleavage (or tension lines) in the skin relate to the predominants orientation of __ fiber bundles

collagen

lines of cleavage (or tension lines) in the skin identify the predominant orientation of __ fiber bundles in the __

collagen/dermis

match the specific function of hair visual identification

color and density of hair of scalp

the cells of a hair follicle's walls are organized into two principal concentric layers: and outer __ tissue root sheath, which originates from the dermis, and an inner __ tissue root sheath, which originates from the epidermis

connective/ epithelial

gland location ceruminous

external acoustic meatus

sebaceous glands are most abundant on the __ and __

face/scalp

In the third step of wound healing, __ produce new collagen in the region

fibroblasts

Some integumentary system components are not repaired following damage: these incloude __ follicles, __ glands, and __ cells, and muscle fibers

hair follicles, exocrine glands, nerve cells

match the specific function of hair facial expression

hair of eyebrows

match the specific function of hair sensory reception

hair root plexuses

match skin with description temperature regulation

influenced by vast capillary networks and sweat glands in the dermis

scattered among the keratinocytes of the stratum basale are pigment producing cells called __. These cells manufacture the pigment __ and package the pigment into granules called __

melanocytes, melanin, melanosomes

match skin with a description sensory reception

nerve endings that detect heat, cold, touch

Hair is found almost everywhere on the body except the sides and __ of the hands and fingers, the sides and __ of the feet and toes, the lips, and portions of the external genitalia

palms/soles

match the specific function of hair chemical signal dispersal

pheromones of hairs

the major functions of merocrine sweat glands are __

protection, secretion, thermoregulation

the apocrine sweat glands become active and produce secretory products during __

puberty

In the skin the largest blood vessels lie along the border between the __ layer of the dermis and the __ layer below it. Smaller vessels branch into the dermis to supply hair follicles, __ glands, __ receptors, and other structures located there

reticular, subcutaneous, sweat, sensory

sebaceous glands are activated primarily by __ during puberty in both sexes

sex hormones

Integumentary or subcutaneous top layer

stratified squamous epithelium epidermis

the layer of skin from which most new epidermal cells are derived from is the

stratum basale

in thick skin there is an extra layer of epidermal cells. This layer is called the __

stratum lucidum

the skin houses two types of general exocrine glands: __ glands and __ glands

sweat and sebaceous

the skin houses two types of general exocrine glands: __ glands and __glands

sweat and sebaceous

scattered among the cells of the stratum basale are cells that are sensitive to touch. These cells are called __ cells

tactile cells

differences in hair density are due primarily to differences in its __ and __

texture/pigmentation

the major functions of merocrine sweat glands are

thermoregulation, secretion, and protection

friction ridges assume the shape of complex arches and whorls in __ skin

thick

friction ridges assume the shapes of complex arches and whorls in __ skin

thick

As a result of the aging process, hair follicles produce __ hairs

thinner

the release of water vapor from sweat glands when we are not sweating is a process called __

transpiration

true or false: regeneration in the skin replaces damaged or dead cells with the same cell type and restores organ function

true

true or false: skin cancer can develop in people of any age

true

true or false: the acidic pH of merocrine sweat helps prevent the growth of some pathogenic

true

drugs are often injected into the subcutaneous layer because its extensive __ network promotes rapid absorption

vascular

women often accumulate subcataneous fat in the __, __, hips and thighs

breast/ buttocks

tactile cells are best described as

-also called Merkel cells -can be stimulated by light touch -can be stimulated by light pressure -large epithelial cells

the epidermis lacks __

-blood vessels -collagen fibers -adipose tissue

the main functions of the subcutaneous layer are

-acts as an energy reservoir -protects the body provides thermal insulation

in the nails, the lunula appears whitish because a thickened underlying stratum basale obscures the underlying __

blood vessels

the hemangioma is a congenital anomaly that results in skin discoloration due to __ that proliferate and form a benign tumor

blood vessels

because an entire portion of skin has been lost, and water cannot be retained in the area, a major concern with third degree burns is

dehydration

integumentary or subcutaneous middle layer

dense connective tissue dermis

the whitish semilunar area of the proximal end of the nail body is called the

lunula

the substances that make sweat feel gritty are water, __ and __

salts/urea

match the specific function of hair protection

scalp hair covers the scalp and shields it from sunburn and injury

terminal hair is the type of hair that grows on the __, and is also the hair of __ and eyebrows, the axilla, and the pubic region. In men, it also grows on the face

scalp/ eyelashes

apocrine sweat glands are classified as __ glands

simple, coiled, tubular

In thin and thick skin, the layers that contain living cells are the stratum __, stratum __ and the stratum __

basale, spinosum, and granulosum

In thin and thick skin, they layers that contain living cells are the stratum __, stratum___, and stratum ___

basale, spinosum, and granulosum

in thin and thick skin, the layers that contain living cells are stratum __, stratum __ and stratum __

basale, spinosum, granulosum

match the specific function of hair heat retention

blanket of thick hair on scalp

In the first steps of wound healing, cut blood vessels release __ into the wound

blood

the nail plate is composed of the nail __, the nail root, and the free edge

body

In this third step of wound healing, the cut blood vessels __ and grow in the wound

regenerate

damaged tissues are normally repaired in one of two ways: __ and __ formation

regeneration and fibrosis

first degree burns, the healing time averages about __ days, and typically no scarring results

3 to 5

the vascular connective tissue that initially forms in a healing wound is called

granulation tissue

many cells in the epidermis produce __ when exposed to UV radiation

Vitamin D3, cholecaliferol

match skin with description protection

acts as a physical barrier to physical injury, trauma, bumps, and scrapes

potential complications of a wound under repair include __ loss and __

fluid/infection

tactile cells are described best by which of the following?

-can be stimulated by light touch -can be stimulated by light pressure -large epithelial cells -also called Merkel cells