International Business CH 15
47) Which models of motivation focus more on the conscious thought processes people use to select one behavior from among several? A) need-based models B) process-based models C) reinforcement models D) perceptual models
B
55) ________ tends to rely on formal power and authority and to focus on administration and decision making. A) Administration B) Management C) Leadership D) Supervision
B
37) ________ is the set of processes by which an individual becomes aware of and interprets information about the environment. A) Environmental scanning B) Perception C) Attitude development D) Stereotyping
B
40) When individuals experience a strong stimulus, the natural response is ________. A) pressure B) stress C) exhaustion D) frustration
B
45) Things that people require in order to survive, such as food, are called ________. A) secondary needs B) primary needs C) survival goals D) sufficiency items
B
43) ________ is the overall set of forces that causes people to choose certain behaviors from a set of available behaviors. A) Perception B) Consideration C) Leadership D) Motivation
D
52) Which theory suggests that one set of factors affects dissatisfaction and another set affects satisfaction? A) Hofstede's cultural dimensions B) Maslow's hierarchy of needs C) Vroom's expectancy theory D) Herzberg's two-factor theory
D
60) Which model of decision making argues that behavioral processes limit a manager's ability to always be logical and rational? A) need-based B) process-based C) normative D) descriptive
D
61) Which model of decision making recognizes that managers are influenced by bounded rationality? A) need-based B) process-based C) normative D) descriptive
D
62) ________ suggests that decision makers are constrained in their ability to be objective and rational by limitations of the human mind. A) Satisficing B) Objectivism C) Rational thought D) Bounded rationality
D
67) When a task is vague, ambiguous, or unstructured a(n) ________ team is more likely to thrive. A) power respecting B) individualistic C) uncertainty avoiding D) uncertainty accepting
D
42) In a study of stress among executives from 10 countries, executives from ________ experienced difficulties managing their stress. A) Japan B) the United States C) Germany D) the United Kingdom
A
5) Which of the following personality traits describes a person whose behavior is gentle, cooperative, understanding, and good-natured? A) agreeableness B) openness C) conscientiousness D) emotional stability
A
53) Which theory says that behavior resulting in a positive outcome will likely be repeated under the same circumstances in the future? A) reinforcement model B) hierarchy of needs C) expectancy theory D) two-factor theory
A
58) ________ is the process of choosing one alternative from among a set of alternatives in order to promote a specific objective. A) Decision making B) Perception C) Motivation D) Leadership
A
1) Which term refers to the relatively stable set of psychological attributes that distinguishes one individual from another? A) personality B) attitude C) perception D) ethics
A
19) ________ is a useful predictor of managerial performance in China. A) Extroversion B) Emotional stability C) Openness D) Agreeableness
A
20) Locus of control ________. A) is the extent to which people believe that their behavior has a real effect on what happens to them B) indicates a person's beliefs about his or her capabilities to perform a task C) is the extent to which an individual believes that power and status differences are appropriate within hierarchical social systems D) is the extent to which a person believes that he or she is a worthwhile and deserving individual
A
23) Jason spends every weekend studying for his advanced degree and regularly attends seminars designed to improve his skills. He believes this effort will pay off in career success. What personality trait best explains Jason's belief? A) internal locus of control B) external locus of control C) self-efficacy D) conscientiousness
A
3) Discussion concerning the extent to which personality attributes are shaped by the social and cultural environment in which people are raised is commonly called the ________. A) nurture argument B) nature argument C) culture factor D) biological argument
A
63) What behavioral process suggests that managers sometimes adopt the first minimally acceptable alternative they identify, when a further search might suggest an even better alternative? A) satisficing B) objectivism C) maximizing D) bounded rationality
A
68) Team cohesiveness is more likely to emerge naturally in a(n) ________ culture. A) collectivistic B) individualistic C) uncertainty avoiding D) uncertainty accepting
A
70) ________ includes behaviors intending to ensure the safety and security of the leader and the group. A) Self-protective leadership B) Autonomous leadership C) Participative leadership D) Charismatic leadership
A
13) What personality trait refers to one's comfort level with relationships? A) agreeableness B) extroversion C) openness D) emotional stability
B
15) Mike is talkative, sociable, and assertive. He could be described using the personality trait of ________. A) agreeableness B) extroversion C) openness D) conscientiousness
B
18) Which Big Five personality traits are good predictors of performance across a variety of job criteria and occupational groups in the U.S. and the European Union? A) openness and extroversion B) emotional stability and conscientiousness C) extroversion and emotional stability D) conscientiousness and agreeableness
B
2) Discussion concerning the extent to which personality attributes are biologically inherited is commonly called the ________. A) nurture argument B) nature argument C) DNA approach D) biological argument
B
22) Self-efficacy ________. A) is the extent to which people believe that their behavior has a real effect on what happens to them B) indicates a person's beliefs about his or her capabilities to perform a task C) is the extent to which an individual believes that power and status differences are appropriate within hierarchical social systems D) is the extent to which a person believes that he or she is a worthwhile and deserving individual
B
36) Which attitude reflects an individual's loyalty to an employer? A) job satisfaction B) organizational commitment C) business acumen D) organizational culture
B
48) Which model of motivation deals with how people assess the consequences of their behavioral choices and how that assessment goes into their future choice of behaviors? A) need-based model B) process-based model C) reinforcement model D) perceptual model
C
49) Which model of motivation incorporates the roles of rewards and punishment in maintaining or altering existing behavioral patterns? A) need-based model B) process-based model C) reinforcement model D) perceptual model
C
50) Which of the following is a true statement based on research of McClelland's learned needs framework? A) The need for achievement exists only in developed cultures. B) Individualistic cultures primarily promote the need for affiliation. C) The need for achievement can be taught to people in different cultures. D) Power-respecting cultures primarily promote the need for self-esteem.
C
100) Aiko, a manager at a Japanese marketing firm, has distributed a keiretsu through her department. Aiko is most likely trying to identify alternatives to a problem and generate new ideas.
FALSE
71) Psychologists agree that personality is set primarily by nurture.
FALSE
73) Extroversion describes the level of order and precision a person imposes on activities.
FALSE
75) People from an individualistic and power-tolerant culture are more likely to have an external locus of control.
FALSE
76) Self-efficacy indicates a person's abilities to perform a task.
FALSE
77) People who maintain that individuals are in control of their lives are said to have an external locus of control.
FALSE
81) Because stress is a physiological response, all humans experience the same forms of stress and handle that stress in the same ways.
FALSE
82) Process-based models of motivation are those that attempt to identify the specific need or set of needs that result in motivated behavior.
FALSE
72) Agreeableness refers to a person's ability to get along with others.
TRUE
74) According to research, Europeans with high conscientiousness and emotional stability are more likely to perform at a higher level than those with low conscientiousness and less emotional stability.
TRUE
78) Expatriates who are dissatisfied with their jobs are more likely to leave their employers than employees who are satisfied.
TRUE
79) Satisfied employees tend to be absent less often, make positive contributions, and stay with the organization.
TRUE
80) The perceptions that Germans are autocratic and that Japanese are workaholics are stereotypes.
TRUE
83) Research has found that German managers do a better job of balancing work and nonwork activities than their counterparts in the United Kingdom.
TRUE
84) Hofstede's cultural dimensions can be classified as a need-based model of motivation.
TRUE
85) Herzberg's two-factor theory suggests that different factors affect satisfaction and dissatisfaction.
TRUE
86) Maslow's hierarchy of needs is relevant in all cultures.
TRUE
88) Cultural factors are among the most difficult and complex to assess and understand.
TRUE
33) Which term refers to complexes of beliefs and feelings that people have about specific ideas, situations, or other people? A) motivations B) attitudes C) beliefs D) ethics
B
30) Martha, a manager at a marketing firm, took a personality test which indicated that she has a high degree of authoritarianism. Which of the following would Martha most likely do? A) give directives to subordinates B) praise subordinates for being creative C) provide subordinates a major role in making decisions D) encourage subordinates to question managerial decisions
A
34) Which term refers to the extent to which an individual is gratified by or fulfilled in his or her work? A) job satisfaction B) job commitment C) career awareness D) career motivation
A
4) What Big Five personality trait refers to a person's ability to get along with others? A) agreeableness B) extroversion C) conscientiousness D) emotional stability
A
46) Which models of motivation attempt to identify the specific need or set of needs that result in motivated behavior? A) need-based models B) process-based models C) reinforcement models D) perceptual models
A
6) Jeff is irritable, short-tempered, and uncooperative with others. He is lacking in ________. A) agreeableness B) extroversion C) conscientiousness D) emotional stability
A
21) John just found out that he did not get the promotion he wanted. He isn't upset because he believes fate just wasn't on his side. What personality trait best explains John's views in this situation? A) internal locus of control B) external locus of control C) self-efficacy D) conscientiousness
B
31) ________ is the extent to which a person believes that he or she is a worthwhile and deserving individual. A) Locus of control B) Self-esteem C) Self-efficacy D) Extraversion
B
57) According to research, managers in ________ have the highest tendency to believe that they should be experts and should know the answers to all questions raised by subordinates. A) Italy B) Japan C) Germany D) Great Britain
B
64) What is the first step in the normative model of decision making? A) identifying alternatives B) problem recognition C) evaluating alternatives D) implementation
B
9) Conscientiousness refers to ________. A) the ability to get along with others B) the drive to impose order and precision C) the inclination to maintain a balanced emotional state D) one's rigidity of beliefs and range of interests
B
10) Andrea is disorganized, careless, and irresponsible. She is lacking in ________. A) extroversion B) openness C) conscientiousness D) emotional stability
C
14) Extroversion refers to ________. A) the ability to get along with others B) the drive to impose order and precision C) one's comfort level with relationships D) one's rigidity of beliefs and range of interests
C
16) What personality trait refers to one's rigidity of beliefs and range of interests? A) agreeableness B) extroversion C) openness D) conscientiousness
C
17) People who are high in ________ are willing to listen to new ideas and to change their own beliefs as a result of new information. A) agreeableness B) extroversion C) openness D) conscientiousness
C
24) Authoritarianism ________. A) is the extent to which people believe that their behavior has a real effect on what happens to them B) indicates a person's beliefs about his or her capabilities to perform a task C) is the extent to which an individual believes that power and status differences are appropriate within hierarchical social systems D) is the extent to which a person believes that he or she is a worthwhile and deserving individual
C
25) ________ indicates a person's beliefs about his or her capabilities to perform a task. A) Internal locus of control B) External locus of control C) Self-efficacy D) Conscientiousness
C
26) Colin has a big meeting with the managers of a company in Germany with whom he hopes to develop a strategic alliance. Colin seriously doubts his ability to negotiate the deal. What personality trait best describes Colin's situation? A) internal locus of control B) external locus of control C) self-efficacy D) conscientiousness
C
28) Lisa is busy studying for the GMAT. She realizes how important a good GMAT score is in her graduate school applications, and she is confident she will perform well. What personality trait best describes Lisa's confidence? A) internal locus of control B) external locus of control C) self-efficacy D) conscientiousness
C
29) ________ is the extent to which an individual believes that power and status differences are appropriate within hierarchical social systems like business organizations. A) Locus of control B) Self-efficacy C) Authoritarianism D) Conscientiousness
C
32) Courtney seeks good jobs, is confident in her abilities, and gets a lot of intrinsic satisfaction from her accomplishments. She could be described as someone with ________. A) internal locus of control B) external locus of control C) high self-esteem D) high self-efficacy
C
35) According to research, high levels of job satisfaction are typically linked to ________. A) low workers' compensation rates B) high performance levels C) low absenteeism D) high turnover
C
41) In a study of stress among executives from 10 countries, executives from ________ experienced the least stress. A) Egypt B) Japan C) Sweden D) Germany
C
44) Which of the following refers to what an individual must have or wants to have? A) beliefs B) goals C) needs D) values
C
51) Which theory suggests that motivational needs can be taught to people in different cultures? A) Maslow's hierarchy of needs B) Vroom's expectancy theory C) McClelland's learned needs framework D) Herzberg's two-factor theory
C
54) ________ is the use of noncoercive influence to shape the goals of a group or organization, to motivate behavior toward reaching those goals, and to help determine the group or organizational culture. A) Motivation B) Commitment C) Leadership D) Management
C
56) ________ relies on personal power and focuses on motivation and communication. A) Administration B) Management C) Leadership D) Supervision
C
59) Which model of decision making suggests that managers apply logic and rationality in making the best decisions? A) need-based B) process-based C) normative D) descriptive
C
65) Xuan-Li, a manager at a Japanese electronics firm, has initiated a ringisho, which is currently circulating through his work group. Xuan-Li most likely generated the ringisho for the purpose of ________. A) identifying potential group leaders B) adhering to the firm's hierarchical structure C) encouraging creative solutions to a problem D) documenting a problem raised by management
C
66) Which task characteristic is more appropriate for problem solving by homogeneous teams? A) complex B) nonroutine C) routine D) ambiguous
C
69) Elisa, a manager at Thornton Consulting, recently noticed that turnover is particularly high in one of the production units. Elisa assumes that the turnover is caused by low wages, so she immediately increases the salaries of all employees in the unit. Elisa's actions have most likely been affected by ________. A) normative decision making B) uncertainty avoidance C) bounded rationality D) acculteration
C
7) What personality trait refers to the order and precision a person imposes on activities? A) extroversion B) openness C) conscientiousness D) emotional stability
C
39) Jason states at a meeting that Japanese managers work all the time and Swiss managers are well organized. Which term best describes Jason's comments? A) transferring B) bonding C) scanning D) stereotyping
D
11) Which of the following personality traits describes a person who is poised, calm, and secure? A) agreeableness B) openness C) conscientiousness D) emotional stability
D
12) Jackie is insecure, reactive, and subject to extreme mood swings. She is lacking in ________. A) agreeableness B) openness C) conscientiousness D) emotional stability
D
27) Self-esteem ________. A) is the extent to which people believe that their behavior has a real effect on what happens to them B) indicates a person's beliefs about his or her capabilities to perform a task C) is the extent to which an individual believes that power and status differences are appropriate within hierarchical social systems D) is the extent to which a person believes that he or she is a worthwhile and deserving individual
D
38) Which perceptual process occurs when we make inferences about someone because of one or more characteristics they possess? A) attitudes B) commitment C) scanning D) stereotyping
D
8) Sanjay, an HR manager, is organized, systematic, and responsible. Sanjay would most likely score high on which Big Five personality dimension? A) agreeableness B) extroversion C) openness D) conscientiousness
D
87) McClelland's learned needs framework includes the need for affiliation, the need for power, and the need for accomplishment.
FALSE
89) After significant testing, researchers have concluded that expectancy theory applies both in the United States and in other countries.
FALSE
94) Kade, an Indonesian manager at a major retail store, refers a subordinate to another manager when asked a question that she cannot answer. According to the Indonesian culture, Kade will most likely be viewed as a great leader.
FALSE
95) According to the descriptive model, decision making starts when managers recognize that a problem exists and a decision has to be made.
FALSE
97) People in passive goal behavior cultures tend to value money and other material rewards.
FALSE
98) A team is any collection of people working together to accomplish a common purpose.
FALSE
99) The composition of a team plays a minimal role in team dynamics.
FALSE
90) Perception starts when we see, hear, touch, smell or taste something.
TRUE
91) In individualistic cultures, leaders need to focus on individual employees rather than the group.
TRUE
92) Differences in goal orientation will affect leader behavior.
TRUE
93) Management relies on formal power and authority rather than on motivation.
TRUE
96) In power-respecting cultures, employees expect leaders to take charge, make decisions, and direct their efforts.
TRUE
