International Health Regulations
What are the requirements of International Health Regulations 2005 for countries?
Making sure that countries are able to..... -detect -assess -Report -Respond -Ports of entry (Prevent travelling of disease) -trade/travel
International health Regulations
legally binding health regulations that provide countries with a set of rules (Code of Conduct) they can follow in the event of a disease outbreak (Public health emergency of international concern)
Core capacity at national levels
country must have enough capacity to....... -asses all reports/events within 48 H -notify WHO through IHR focal point -form control measures to prevent spread -Provide support with specialized staff and lab diag -allow on site investigation of disease -direct operational link to seniors, produce control measures -Direct connection to any related government (MOH)/ hospital/ police stations/clinics -prepare response team to health emergencies
Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC)
-A disease event that potentially can spread internationally -sharing info between countries of WHO
Why was the 1969 IHR amended later on ?
-Narrow scoped of disease being notified (cholera, plague, yellow fever, smallpox, relapsing fever) -Cholera, plague and yellow fever were only notifiable -WHO members fail to indicate outbreak -Use of only government sources to detect outbreak -Countries provide irrational decisions to close trade -advances in communication
Notification of Disease
-Notification of a certain disease can prevent the spread 1.Notification done by government Docs in hospitals, clinics..... 2. Allow early detection of disease 3.Health authority will investigate & confirm the diagnosis and take needed control measures -yellow fever, cholera, plague= notifiable
Surveillance of disease
-Surveillance= essential to prevent the spread -Constant, systemic observation for new cases/spread of disease. -Determine source & mode of transmission of infection -find people that are exposed
What is the purpose of the IHR 2005?
-an international agreement that has international obligations -to Prevent, Protect, Control, Respond to international spread and also try to Avoid interference of trade and travel (PP C RA) PP can't respond Aight -reduce spread at ports (Air, sea...) -Set rules for the global outbreak alert and response system -needed improvement of surveillance and reporting system
prevention and control of disease-1988
-any medical practitioner that is aware of an infectious disease will provide notification of disease to a medical officer -Any adult person that knows of a person suffering a infectious disease is suppose to notify the medical officer, police station, village head -
Point of entry, core capacity requirements at all times
-asses medical equipment -equipment for personnel to transport patients -Trained personnel for inspection -Ensure to save environment -trained programme for vector control
Functions of surveillance of disease
-collection of date in a population/geo area -turn data into meaningful arrangement -Analyze and interpret data -share data to required personnel -Share info to people to create plan of action (Medical officer of WHO)
What was amendment made for the IHR?
-detection of 3 diseases to public health events -passive to pro-active surveillance in real time -detection at boarders to finding source of contamination
Obligations of Member states of WHO
-form a national IHR focal point -Strengthen capacity to detect, report and respond to Public health events -respond to requests of verification to Public health events -Asses PHE with a decision tool & notify WHO within 24 hours. -provide inspection and control activities at ports to prevent spread. -Implement WHO-recommended measures -Countries collaborate together with WHO to implement rules
Criteria used for the decision tool
-is the impact on public health serious? -Event is unusual/unexpected? -Risk of international spread -Risk of stopping international trade/travel Yes to 2 criteria must be reported to WHO
Point of entry, requirements for responding to potential PHEIC
-public health emergency, contingency plan -Provide assessment & care for affect people -provide space for infected and suspected people -apply disinfectant to contaminated objects -Apply control measures to departing/arriving people -Provide access to required equipment
History of Internation health Regulations
1830-1847= Cholera outbreak in Europe 1851= International Sanitary regulations (ISR) in a conference in Paris 1948= WHO is founded 1969= WHO changed ISR to IHR 1973-1981= small modifications to IHR 2005= World health adopted IHR 2007= WHO revised IHR
