Intro to Biology Lesson 5 Exam

Which of the following is not an essential process that animals perform to survive?

Actively seeking out a reproductive partner for internal fertilization

Which is not a way that ectothermic animals maintain their bodies at a consistent, appropriate temperature?

By generating large amounts of metabolic heat

Fertilization in angiosperms requires a pollen grain to rapidly grow a pollen tube from the stigma to the embryo sac. From there, how does the pollen tube enter the embryo sac to reach the egg?

By passing through the micropyle

In vertebrates, what anatomical structure partially or completely replaces the notochord?

Cartilage or a bony skeleton

Gastropod larvae go through the process of torsion. Which of the following is not a result of this process?

Coiling of the shell

Moving from an aquatic habitat to life on land was a big transition for plants. Which of the following was the biggest challenge plants faced when adapting to this new environment?

Desiccation, or drying out

Through the process of gastrulation, a blastula invaginates to produce a gastrula consisting of two layers of tissue. What are these two layers of tissue?

Endoderm and ectoderm

Which hormone is responsible for the ripening of fruits by stimulating the formation of sugars from starches and acids?

Ethylene

Which group of plants was the first to have a true vascular tissue with xylem and phloem?

Gymnosperms

The great apes, including humans and their relatives, belong to which group?

Hominids

What's involved in associative learning?

Modifying an existing behavior through conditioning

Cnidarians, including jellyfish, corals, and anemones, trap prey using stinging cells containing what specialized organelle?

Nematocysts

Through what type of conditioning does a certain behavior become associated with a reward or a punishment?

Operant conditioning

What's the term for plant growth towards or away from a source of light?

Phototropism

What are the small, mouth-like openings in plants that open and close to allow for gas exchange while limiting water loss?

Stomata

Why is countercurrent exchange an important aspect of the gills of fish?

The flow of blood and water in opposite directions maintains a concentration gradient of gases

At which level of causation does evolutionary history or adaptive value explain the reason for an animal's behavior?

Ultimate Causation

Which process involves pollen from one individual pollinating a flower of a different individual?

cross-pollination

A double-circuit circulatory system transmits blood from the heart to the gills or lungs and back to the heart before being sent to the rest of the body. Which of the following groups of animals do not have a double-circuit circulatory system?

fish

A dominant gametophyte stage can be found in which of the following plants?

moss